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Journal of Endocrinological Investigation

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Open Access 01-05-2021 | COVID-19 | Review

The cytokine storm and thyroid hormone changes in COVID-19

Authors: L. Croce, D. Gangemi, G. Ancona, F. Liboà, G. Bendotti, L. Minelli, L. Chiovato

Published in: Journal of Endocrinological Investigation | Issue 5/2021

Abstract

Background

COVID-19 is now a worldwide pandemic. Among the many extra-pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19, recent evidence suggested a possible occurrence of thyroid dysfunction.

Purpose

The Aim of the present review is to summarize available studies regarding thyroid function alterations in patients with COVID-19 and to overview the possible physio-pathological explanations.

Conclusions

The repercussions of the thyroid of COVID-19 seem to be related, in part, with the occurrence of a “cytokine storm” that would, in turn, induce a “non-thyroidal illness”. Some specific cytokines and chemokines appear to have a direct role on the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis. On the other hand, some authors have observed an increased incidence of a destructive thyroiditis, either subacute or painless, in patients with COVID-19. The hypothesis of a direct infection of the thyroid by SARS-Cov-2 stems from the observation that its receptor, ACE2, is strongly expressed in thyroid tissue. Lastly, it is highly probable that some pharmaceutical agents largely used for the treatment of COVID-19 can act as confounding factors in the laboratory evaluation of thyroid function parameters.

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Title: The cytokine storm and thyroid hormone changes in COVID-19
Authors: L. Croce
D. Gangemi
G. Ancona
F. Liboà
G. Bendotti
L. Minelli
L. Chiovato
Publication date: 01-05-2021
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Keywords: COVID-19
Cytokines
Thyroiditis
SARS-CoV-2
Subacute Granulomatous Thyroiditis
Published in: Journal of Endocrinological Investigation / Issue 5/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1720-8386
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-021-01506-7

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