Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 7/2018

01-07-2018 | Original Article

Italian consensus on diagnosis and treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer: joint statements of six Italian societies

Authors: F. Pacini, F. Basolo, R. Bellantone, G. Boni, M. A. Cannizzaro, M. De Palma, C. Durante, R. Elisei, G. Fadda, A. Frasoldati, L. Fugazzola, R. Guglielmi, C. P. Lombardi, P. Miccoli, E. Papini, G. Pellegriti, L. Pezzullo, A. Pontecorvi, M. Salvatori, E. Seregni, P. Vitti

Published in: Journal of Endocrinological Investigation | Issue 7/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem, and differentiated thyroid cancer is becoming increasingly prevalent.

Methods

Six scientific Italian societies entitled to cure thyroid cancer patients (the Italian Thyroid Association, the Medical Endocrinology Association, the Italian Society of Endocrinology, the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, the Italian Society of Unified Endocrine Surgery and the Italian Society of Anatomic Pathology and Diagnostic Cytology) felt the need to develop a consensus report based on significant scientific advances occurred in the field.

Objective

The document includes recommendations regarding initial evaluation of thyroid nodules, clinical and ultrasound criteria for fine-needle aspiration biopsy, initial management of thyroid cancer including staging and risk assessment, surgical management, radioiodine remnant ablation, and levothyroxine therapy, short-term and long-term follow-up strategies, and management of recurrent and metastatic disease. The objective of this consensus is to inform clinicians, patients, researchers, and health policy makers about the best strategies (and their limitations) relating to the diagnosis and treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
2.
go back to reference Leenhardt L, Erdogan MF, Hegedus L, Mandel SJ, Paschke R, Rago T et al (2013) 2013 European thyroid association guidelines for cervical ultrasound scan and ultrasound-guided techniques in the postoperative management of patients with thyroid cancer. Eur Thyroid J. 2(3):147–159CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Leenhardt L, Erdogan MF, Hegedus L, Mandel SJ, Paschke R, Rago T et al (2013) 2013 European thyroid association guidelines for cervical ultrasound scan and ultrasound-guided techniques in the postoperative management of patients with thyroid cancer. Eur Thyroid J. 2(3):147–159CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
4.
go back to reference Ali SZ, Cibas ES (eds) (2010) The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology: definitions, criteria and explanatory notes. Springer, New York Ali SZ, Cibas ES (eds) (2010) The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology: definitions, criteria and explanatory notes. Springer, New York
5.
go back to reference Perros P, Boelaert K, Colley S, Evans C, Evans RM, Gerrard Ba G, Gilbert J, Harrison B, Johnson SJ, Giles TE, Moss L, Lewington V, Newbold K, Taylor J, Thakker RV, Watkinson J, Williams GR, British Thyroid Association (2014) Guidelines for the management of thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 81(Suppl 1):1–122CrossRef Perros P, Boelaert K, Colley S, Evans C, Evans RM, Gerrard Ba G, Gilbert J, Harrison B, Johnson SJ, Giles TE, Moss L, Lewington V, Newbold K, Taylor J, Thakker RV, Watkinson J, Williams GR, British Thyroid Association (2014) Guidelines for the management of thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 81(Suppl 1):1–122CrossRef
6.
7.
go back to reference Wu LM, Gu HY, Qu XH, Zheng J, Zhang W, Yin Y, Xu JR (2012) The accuracy of ultrasonography in the preoperative diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol 81(8):1798–1805CrossRefPubMed Wu LM, Gu HY, Qu XH, Zheng J, Zhang W, Yin Y, Xu JR (2012) The accuracy of ultrasonography in the preoperative diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol 81(8):1798–1805CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Tufano RP, Clayman G, Heller KS, Inabnet WB, Kebebew E, Shaha A, Steward DL, Tuttle RM (2015) American thyroid association surgical affairs committee writing task force management of recurrent/persistent nodal disease in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: a critical review of the risks and benefits of surgical intervention versus active surveillance. Thyroid 25(1):15–27CrossRefPubMed Tufano RP, Clayman G, Heller KS, Inabnet WB, Kebebew E, Shaha A, Steward DL, Tuttle RM (2015) American thyroid association surgical affairs committee writing task force management of recurrent/persistent nodal disease in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: a critical review of the risks and benefits of surgical intervention versus active surveillance. Thyroid 25(1):15–27CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Bilimoria KY, Bentrem DJ, Ko CY, Stewart AK, Winchester DP, Talamonti MS, Sturgeon C (2007) Extent of surgery affects survival for papillary thyroid cancer. Ann Surg 246:375–381CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Bilimoria KY, Bentrem DJ, Ko CY, Stewart AK, Winchester DP, Talamonti MS, Sturgeon C (2007) Extent of surgery affects survival for papillary thyroid cancer. Ann Surg 246:375–381CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
go back to reference Matsuzu K, Sugino K, Masudo K, Nagahama M, Kitagawa W, Shibuya H, Ohkuwa K, Uruno T, Suzuki A, Magoshi S, Akaishi J, Masaki C, Kawano M, Suganuma N, Rino Y, Masuda M, Kameyama K, Takami H, Ito K (2014) Thyroid lobectomy for papillary thyroid cancer: long-term follow-up study of 1,088 cases. World J Surg 38:68–79CrossRefPubMed Matsuzu K, Sugino K, Masudo K, Nagahama M, Kitagawa W, Shibuya H, Ohkuwa K, Uruno T, Suzuki A, Magoshi S, Akaishi J, Masaki C, Kawano M, Suganuma N, Rino Y, Masuda M, Kameyama K, Takami H, Ito K (2014) Thyroid lobectomy for papillary thyroid cancer: long-term follow-up study of 1,088 cases. World J Surg 38:68–79CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Adam MA, Pura J, Gu L, Dinan MA, Tyler DS, Reed SD, Scheri R, Roman SA, Sosa JA (2014) Extent of surgery for papillary thyroid cancer is not associated with survival: an analysis of 61,775 patients. Ann Surg 260:601–605CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Adam MA, Pura J, Gu L, Dinan MA, Tyler DS, Reed SD, Scheri R, Roman SA, Sosa JA (2014) Extent of surgery for papillary thyroid cancer is not associated with survival: an analysis of 61,775 patients. Ann Surg 260:601–605CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
12.
go back to reference Ito Y, Miyauchi A, Inoue H, Fukushima M, Kihara M, Higashiyama T, Tomoda C, Takamura Y, Kobayashi K, Miya A (2010) An observational trial for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma in Japanese patients. World J Surg 4(1):28CrossRef Ito Y, Miyauchi A, Inoue H, Fukushima M, Kihara M, Higashiyama T, Tomoda C, Takamura Y, Kobayashi K, Miya A (2010) An observational trial for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma in Japanese patients. World J Surg 4(1):28CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Nikiforov YE, Seethala RR, Tallini G, Baloch ZW, Basolo F, Thompson LD, Barletta JA, Wenig BM, Al Ghuzlan A, Kakudo K, Giordano TJ, Alves VA, Khanafshar E, Asa SL, El-Naggar AK, Gooding WE, Hodak SP, Lloyd RV, Maytal G, Mete O, Nikiforova MN, Nosé V, Papotti M, Poller DN, Sadow PM, Tischler AS, Tuttle RM, Wall KB, LiVolsi VA, Randolph GW, Ghossein RA (2016) Nomenclature revision for encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a paradigm shift to reduce overtreatment of indolent tumors. JAMA Oncol 2:1023–1029CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Nikiforov YE, Seethala RR, Tallini G, Baloch ZW, Basolo F, Thompson LD, Barletta JA, Wenig BM, Al Ghuzlan A, Kakudo K, Giordano TJ, Alves VA, Khanafshar E, Asa SL, El-Naggar AK, Gooding WE, Hodak SP, Lloyd RV, Maytal G, Mete O, Nikiforova MN, Nosé V, Papotti M, Poller DN, Sadow PM, Tischler AS, Tuttle RM, Wall KB, LiVolsi VA, Randolph GW, Ghossein RA (2016) Nomenclature revision for encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a paradigm shift to reduce overtreatment of indolent tumors. JAMA Oncol 2:1023–1029CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
14.
go back to reference Glockzin G, Hornung M, Kienle K et al (2012) Completion thyroidectomy: effect of timing on clinical complications and oncologic outcome in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. World J Surg 36:1168–1173CrossRefPubMed Glockzin G, Hornung M, Kienle K et al (2012) Completion thyroidectomy: effect of timing on clinical complications and oncologic outcome in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. World J Surg 36:1168–1173CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Hartl DM, Mamelle E, Borget I, Leboulleux S, Mirghani H, Schlumberger M (2013) Influence of prophylactic neck dissection on rate of retreatment for papillary thyroid carcinoma. World J Surg 37:1951–1958CrossRefPubMed Hartl DM, Mamelle E, Borget I, Leboulleux S, Mirghani H, Schlumberger M (2013) Influence of prophylactic neck dissection on rate of retreatment for papillary thyroid carcinoma. World J Surg 37:1951–1958CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Viola D, Materazzi G, Valerio L, Molinaro E, Agate L, Faviana P, Seccia V, Sensi E, Romei C, Piaggi P, Torregrossa L, Sellari-Franceschini S, Basolo F, Vitti P, Elisei R, Miccoli P (2015) Prophylactic central compartment lymph node dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma: clinical implications derived from the first prospective randomized controlled single institution study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100:1316–1324CrossRefPubMed Viola D, Materazzi G, Valerio L, Molinaro E, Agate L, Faviana P, Seccia V, Sensi E, Romei C, Piaggi P, Torregrossa L, Sellari-Franceschini S, Basolo F, Vitti P, Elisei R, Miccoli P (2015) Prophylactic central compartment lymph node dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma: clinical implications derived from the first prospective randomized controlled single institution study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100:1316–1324CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Qu N, Zhang L, Ji QH, Chen JY, Zhu YX, Cao YM, Shen Q (2015) Risk factors for central compartment lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a meta-analysis. World J Surg 39:2459–2470CrossRefPubMed Qu N, Zhang L, Ji QH, Chen JY, Zhu YX, Cao YM, Shen Q (2015) Risk factors for central compartment lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a meta-analysis. World J Surg 39:2459–2470CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Raffaelli M, De Crea C, Sessa L, Fadda G, Bellantone C, Lombardi CP (2015) Ipsilateral central neck dissection plus frozen section examination versus prophylactic bilateral central neck dissection in cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 22:2032–2308CrossRef Raffaelli M, De Crea C, Sessa L, Fadda G, Bellantone C, Lombardi CP (2015) Ipsilateral central neck dissection plus frozen section examination versus prophylactic bilateral central neck dissection in cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 22:2032–2308CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Collini P, Sampietro G, Pilotti S (2004) Extensive vascular invasion is a marker of risk of relapse in encapsulated non-Hürthle cell follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland: a clinicopathological study of 18 consecutive cases from a single institution with a 11-year median follow-up. Histopathology 44:35–39CrossRefPubMed Collini P, Sampietro G, Pilotti S (2004) Extensive vascular invasion is a marker of risk of relapse in encapsulated non-Hürthle cell follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland: a clinicopathological study of 18 consecutive cases from a single institution with a 11-year median follow-up. Histopathology 44:35–39CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Mahul B, Amin SE, Greene FL, Schilsky RL, Byrd DR, Gaspar LE, Washington MK, Gershenwald JE, Compton CC, Hess KR (2017) In: Brierley JD, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind C (eds) 2016 AJCC 8th Edition Cancer Staging Manual. Springer International Publishing AG, Cham, Switzerland.Edition). Wiley Blackwell, Oxford Mahul B, Amin SE, Greene FL, Schilsky RL, Byrd DR, Gaspar LE, Washington MK, Gershenwald JE, Compton CC, Hess KR (2017) In: Brierley JD, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind C (eds) 2016 AJCC 8th Edition Cancer Staging Manual. Springer International Publishing AG, Cham, Switzerland.Edition). Wiley Blackwell, Oxford
21.
go back to reference Ganly I, Ibrahimpasic T, Rivera M et al (2012) Prognostic implication of papillary thyroid carcinoma with tall cell features. Mod Pathol 25:144A Ganly I, Ibrahimpasic T, Rivera M et al (2012) Prognostic implication of papillary thyroid carcinoma with tall cell features. Mod Pathol 25:144A
22.
go back to reference Dettmer MS, Schmitt A, Steinert H, Moch H, Komminoth P, Perren A (2012) Tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma- how many tall cells are needed? Mod Pathol 25:143 Dettmer MS, Schmitt A, Steinert H, Moch H, Komminoth P, Perren A (2012) Tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma- how many tall cells are needed? Mod Pathol 25:143
23.
go back to reference Morris LG, Shaha AR, Tuttle RM, Sikora AG, Ganly I (2010) Tall-cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a matched-pair analysis of survival. Thyroid 20:153–158CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Morris LG, Shaha AR, Tuttle RM, Sikora AG, Ganly I (2010) Tall-cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a matched-pair analysis of survival. Thyroid 20:153–158CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
go back to reference Lubitz CC, Economopoulos KP, Pawlak AC, Lynch K, Dias-Santagata D, Faquin WC, Sadow PM (2014) Hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: an institutional case series and molecular profile. Thyroid 24:958–965CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lubitz CC, Economopoulos KP, Pawlak AC, Lynch K, Dias-Santagata D, Faquin WC, Sadow PM (2014) Hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: an institutional case series and molecular profile. Thyroid 24:958–965CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
go back to reference Nikiforov YE, Erickson LA, Nikiforova MN, Caudill CM, Lloyd RV (2001) Solid variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: incidence, clinical-pathologic characteristics, molecular analysis, and biologic behavior. Am J Sur Pathol 25:1478–1484CrossRef Nikiforov YE, Erickson LA, Nikiforova MN, Caudill CM, Lloyd RV (2001) Solid variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: incidence, clinical-pathologic characteristics, molecular analysis, and biologic behavior. Am J Sur Pathol 25:1478–1484CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Volante M, Collini P, Nikiforov YE, Sakamoto A, Kakudo K, Katoh R, Lloyd RV, LiVolsi VA, Papotti M, Sobrinho-Simoes M, Bussolati G, Rosai J (2007) Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma: the Turin proposal for the use of uniform diagnostic criteria and an algorithmic diagnostic approach. Am J Surg Pathol 31:1256–1264CrossRefPubMed Volante M, Collini P, Nikiforov YE, Sakamoto A, Kakudo K, Katoh R, Lloyd RV, LiVolsi VA, Papotti M, Sobrinho-Simoes M, Bussolati G, Rosai J (2007) Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma: the Turin proposal for the use of uniform diagnostic criteria and an algorithmic diagnostic approach. Am J Surg Pathol 31:1256–1264CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Asioli S, Erickson LA, Righi A, Jin L, Volante M, Jenkins S, Papotti M, Bussolati G, Lloyd RV (2010) Poorly differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid: validation of the Turin proposal and analysis of IMP3 expression. Mod Pathol 23:1269–1278CrossRefPubMed Asioli S, Erickson LA, Righi A, Jin L, Volante M, Jenkins S, Papotti M, Bussolati G, Lloyd RV (2010) Poorly differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid: validation of the Turin proposal and analysis of IMP3 expression. Mod Pathol 23:1269–1278CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Regalbuto C, Malandrino P, Tumminia A, Le Moli R, Vigneri R, Pezzino V (2011) A diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary th thyroid carcinoma: clinical and pathologic features and outcomes of 34 consecutive cases. Thyroid 21:383–389CrossRefPubMed Regalbuto C, Malandrino P, Tumminia A, Le Moli R, Vigneri R, Pezzino V (2011) A diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary th thyroid carcinoma: clinical and pathologic features and outcomes of 34 consecutive cases. Thyroid 21:383–389CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Lam AK, Lo CY (2006) Diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: a 35-year comparative study at a single institution. Ann Surg Oncol 13:176–181CrossRefPubMed Lam AK, Lo CY (2006) Diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: a 35-year comparative study at a single institution. Ann Surg Oncol 13:176–181CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Sugitani I, Kasai N, Fujimoto Y, Yanagisawa A (2004) A novel classification system for patients with PTC: addition of the new variables of large (3 cm or greater) nodal metastases and reclassification during the follow-up period. Surgery 135:139–148CrossRefPubMed Sugitani I, Kasai N, Fujimoto Y, Yanagisawa A (2004) A novel classification system for patients with PTC: addition of the new variables of large (3 cm or greater) nodal metastases and reclassification during the follow-up period. Surgery 135:139–148CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Lamartina L, Durante C et al (2015) Low risk differentiated thyroid cancer and radioiodine remnant ablation: a systematic review of the literature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100:1748–1761CrossRefPubMed Lamartina L, Durante C et al (2015) Low risk differentiated thyroid cancer and radioiodine remnant ablation: a systematic review of the literature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100:1748–1761CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Pacini F et al (2016) Recommendations for post-surgical thyroid ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer: a 2015 position statement of the Italian Society of Endocrinology. J Endocrinol Investig 39:341–347CrossRef Pacini F et al (2016) Recommendations for post-surgical thyroid ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer: a 2015 position statement of the Italian Society of Endocrinology. J Endocrinol Investig 39:341–347CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Castagna MG et al (2016) Reappraisal of the indication for radioiodine thyroid ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer patients. J Endocrinol Invest 39:1087–1094CrossRefPubMed Castagna MG et al (2016) Reappraisal of the indication for radioiodine thyroid ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer patients. J Endocrinol Invest 39:1087–1094CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Ruel E, Thomas S et al (2015) Adjuvant radioactive iodine therapy is associated with improved survival for patients with intermediate-risk papillary thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100:1529–1536CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ruel E, Thomas S et al (2015) Adjuvant radioactive iodine therapy is associated with improved survival for patients with intermediate-risk papillary thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100:1529–1536CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
35.
go back to reference Pacini F, Ladenson PW et al (2006) Radioiodine ablation of thyroid remnants after preparation with recombinant human thyrotropin in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: results of an international, randomized, controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:926–932CrossRefPubMed Pacini F, Ladenson PW et al (2006) Radioiodine ablation of thyroid remnants after preparation with recombinant human thyrotropin in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: results of an international, randomized, controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:926–932CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Schlumberger M, Catargi B et al (2012) Strategies of radioiodine ablation in patients with low-risk thyoid cancer. NEJM 366:1663–1673CrossRefPubMed Schlumberger M, Catargi B et al (2012) Strategies of radioiodine ablation in patients with low-risk thyoid cancer. NEJM 366:1663–1673CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Mallick U, Harmer C et al (2012) Ablation with low-dose radioiodine and thyrotropin alfa in thyroid cancer. NEJM 366:1674–1685CrossRefPubMed Mallick U, Harmer C et al (2012) Ablation with low-dose radioiodine and thyrotropin alfa in thyroid cancer. NEJM 366:1674–1685CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Molinaro E, Giani C et al (2013) Patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who underwent radioiodine thyroid remnant ablation with low-activity 131I after either recombinant human TSH or thyroid hormone therapy withdrawal showed the same outcome after a 10-year follow-up. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:2693–2700CrossRefPubMed Molinaro E, Giani C et al (2013) Patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who underwent radioiodine thyroid remnant ablation with low-activity 131I after either recombinant human TSH or thyroid hormone therapy withdrawal showed the same outcome after a 10-year follow-up. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:2693–2700CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Verburg FA, Mader U et al (2014) Long term survival in DTC is worse after low-activity initial post-surgical I-131 therapy in both high and low risk patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:4487–4496CrossRefPubMed Verburg FA, Mader U et al (2014) Long term survival in DTC is worse after low-activity initial post-surgical I-131 therapy in both high and low risk patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:4487–4496CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Castagna MG, Cevenini G et al (2013) Post-surgical thyroid ablation with low or high radioiodine activities results in similar outcomes in intermediate risk differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Eur J Endocrinol 169:23–29CrossRefPubMed Castagna MG, Cevenini G et al (2013) Post-surgical thyroid ablation with low or high radioiodine activities results in similar outcomes in intermediate risk differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Eur J Endocrinol 169:23–29CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Tala Jury HP, Castagna MG, Fioravanti C, Cipri C, Brianzoni E, Pacini F (2010) Lack of association between urinary iodine excretion and successful thyroid ablation in thyroid cancer patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95:230–237CrossRefPubMed Tala Jury HP, Castagna MG, Fioravanti C, Cipri C, Brianzoni E, Pacini F (2010) Lack of association between urinary iodine excretion and successful thyroid ablation in thyroid cancer patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95:230–237CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference American Thyroid Association Taskforce On Radioiodine Safety, Sisson JC, Freitas J, McDougall IR, Dauer LT, Hurley JR, Brierley JD, Edinboro CH, Rosenthal D, Thomas MJ, Wexler JA, Asamoah E, Avram AM, Milas M, Greenlee C (2011) Radiation safety in the treatment of patients with thyroid diseases by radioiodine 131I: practice recommendations of the American Thyroid Association. Thyroid 21(4):335–346CrossRef American Thyroid Association Taskforce On Radioiodine Safety, Sisson JC, Freitas J, McDougall IR, Dauer LT, Hurley JR, Brierley JD, Edinboro CH, Rosenthal D, Thomas MJ, Wexler JA, Asamoah E, Avram AM, Milas M, Greenlee C (2011) Radiation safety in the treatment of patients with thyroid diseases by radioiodine 131I: practice recommendations of the American Thyroid Association. Thyroid 21(4):335–346CrossRef
43.
go back to reference International Commission on Radiological Protection (2004) Release of patients after therapy with unsealed radionuclides. Ann ICRP 34(2):v–vi, 1–79CrossRef International Commission on Radiological Protection (2004) Release of patients after therapy with unsealed radionuclides. Ann ICRP 34(2):v–vi, 1–79CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Brassard M, Borget I, Edet-Sanson A, Giraudet AL, Mundler O, Toubeau M, Bonichon F, Borson-Chazot F, Leenhardt L, Schvartz C, Dejax C, Brenot-Rossi I, Toubert ME, Torlontano M, Benhamou E, Schlumberger M, THYRDIAG Working Group (2011) Long-term follow-up of patients with papillary and follicular thyroid cancer: a prospective study on 715 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011 96:1352–1359CrossRef Brassard M, Borget I, Edet-Sanson A, Giraudet AL, Mundler O, Toubeau M, Bonichon F, Borson-Chazot F, Leenhardt L, Schvartz C, Dejax C, Brenot-Rossi I, Toubert ME, Torlontano M, Benhamou E, Schlumberger M, THYRDIAG Working Group (2011) Long-term follow-up of patients with papillary and follicular thyroid cancer: a prospective study on 715 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011 96:1352–1359CrossRef
46.
go back to reference Miyauchi A, Kudo T, Miya A, Kobayashi K, Ito Y, Takamura Y, Higashiyama T, Fukushima M, Kihara M, Inoue H, Tomoda C, Yabuta T, Masuoka H (2011) Prognostic impact of serum thyroglobulin doubling-time under thyrotropin suppression in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent total thyroidectomy. Thyroid 21:707–716CrossRefPubMed Miyauchi A, Kudo T, Miya A, Kobayashi K, Ito Y, Takamura Y, Higashiyama T, Fukushima M, Kihara M, Inoue H, Tomoda C, Yabuta T, Masuoka H (2011) Prognostic impact of serum thyroglobulin doubling-time under thyrotropin suppression in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent total thyroidectomy. Thyroid 21:707–716CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference Durante C, Montesano T, Attard M, Torlontano M, Monzani F, Costante G, Meringolo D, Ferdeghini M, Tumino S, Lamartina L, Paciaroni A, Massa M, Giacomelli L, Ronga G, Filetti S, PTC Study Group (2012) Long-term surveillance of papillary thyroid cancer patients who do not undergo post-operative radioiodine remnant ablation: is there a role for serum thyroglobulin measurement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012 97:2748–2753CrossRef Durante C, Montesano T, Attard M, Torlontano M, Monzani F, Costante G, Meringolo D, Ferdeghini M, Tumino S, Lamartina L, Paciaroni A, Massa M, Giacomelli L, Ronga G, Filetti S, PTC Study Group (2012) Long-term surveillance of papillary thyroid cancer patients who do not undergo post-operative radioiodine remnant ablation: is there a role for serum thyroglobulin measurement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012 97:2748–2753CrossRef
48.
go back to reference Durante C, Montesano T, Torlontano M, Attard M, Monzani F, Tumino S, Costante G, Meringolo D, Bruno R, Trulli F, Massa M, Maniglia A, D’Apollo R, Giacomelli L, Ronga G, Filetti S, PTC Study Group (2013) Papillary thyroid cancer: time course of recurrences during postsurgery surveillance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013 98:636–642CrossRef Durante C, Montesano T, Torlontano M, Attard M, Monzani F, Tumino S, Costante G, Meringolo D, Bruno R, Trulli F, Massa M, Maniglia A, D’Apollo R, Giacomelli L, Ronga G, Filetti S, PTC Study Group (2013) Papillary thyroid cancer: time course of recurrences during postsurgery surveillance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013 98:636–642CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Castagna MG, Tala Jury HP, Cipri C, Belardini V, Fioravanti C, Pasqui L, Sestini F, Theodoropoulou A, Pacini F (2011) The use of ultrasensitive thyroglobulin assays reduces but does not abolish the need for TSH stimulation in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Endocrinol Investig 34:e219–e223 Castagna MG, Tala Jury HP, Cipri C, Belardini V, Fioravanti C, Pasqui L, Sestini F, Theodoropoulou A, Pacini F (2011) The use of ultrasensitive thyroglobulin assays reduces but does not abolish the need for TSH stimulation in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Endocrinol Investig 34:e219–e223
50.
go back to reference Torlontano M, Crocetti U, Augello G, D’Aloiso L, Bonfitto N, Varraso A, Dicembrino F, Modoni S, Frusciante V, Di GA, Bruno R, Filetti S, Trischitta V (2006) Comparative evaluation of recombinant human thyrotropin-stimulated thyroglobulin levels, 131I whole body scintigraphy, and neck ultrasonography in the follow-up of patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma who have not undergone radioiodine therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006 91:60–63CrossRef Torlontano M, Crocetti U, Augello G, D’Aloiso L, Bonfitto N, Varraso A, Dicembrino F, Modoni S, Frusciante V, Di GA, Bruno R, Filetti S, Trischitta V (2006) Comparative evaluation of recombinant human thyrotropin-stimulated thyroglobulin levels, 131I whole body scintigraphy, and neck ultrasonography in the follow-up of patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma who have not undergone radioiodine therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006 91:60–63CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Tuttle RM, Tala H, Shah J, Leboeuf R, Ghossein R, Gonen M, Brokhin M, Omry G, Fagin JA, Shaha A (2010) Estimating risk of recurrence in differentiated thyroid cancer after total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine remnant ablation: using response to therapy variables to modify the initial risk estimates predicted by the new American Thyroid Association staging system. Thyroid 20:1341–1349CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Tuttle RM, Tala H, Shah J, Leboeuf R, Ghossein R, Gonen M, Brokhin M, Omry G, Fagin JA, Shaha A (2010) Estimating risk of recurrence in differentiated thyroid cancer after total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine remnant ablation: using response to therapy variables to modify the initial risk estimates predicted by the new American Thyroid Association staging system. Thyroid 20:1341–1349CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
52.
go back to reference Vaisman F, Tala H, Grewal R, Tuttle RM (2011) In differentiated thyroid cancer, an incomplete structural reponse to therapy is associated with significantly worse clinical outcomes than only an incomplete thyroglobulin response. Thyroid 21:1317–1322CrossRefPubMed Vaisman F, Tala H, Grewal R, Tuttle RM (2011) In differentiated thyroid cancer, an incomplete structural reponse to therapy is associated with significantly worse clinical outcomes than only an incomplete thyroglobulin response. Thyroid 21:1317–1322CrossRefPubMed
53.
go back to reference Durante C, Haddy N, Baudin E, Leboulleux S, Hartl D, Travagli JP, Caillou B, Ricard M, Lumbroso JD, De Vathaire F, Schlumberger M (2006) Long-term outcome of 444 patients with distant metastases from papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma: benefits and limits of radioiodine therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:2892–2899CrossRefPubMed Durante C, Haddy N, Baudin E, Leboulleux S, Hartl D, Travagli JP, Caillou B, Ricard M, Lumbroso JD, De Vathaire F, Schlumberger M (2006) Long-term outcome of 444 patients with distant metastases from papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma: benefits and limits of radioiodine therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:2892–2899CrossRefPubMed
54.
go back to reference Robbins RJ, Wan Q, Grewal RK, Reibke R, Gonen M, Strauss HW, Tuttle RM, Drucker W, Larson SM (2006) Real-time prognosis for metastatic thyroid carcinoma based on 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose-positron emission tomography scanning. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:498–505CrossRefPubMed Robbins RJ, Wan Q, Grewal RK, Reibke R, Gonen M, Strauss HW, Tuttle RM, Drucker W, Larson SM (2006) Real-time prognosis for metastatic thyroid carcinoma based on 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose-positron emission tomography scanning. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:498–505CrossRefPubMed
56.
go back to reference Momesso DP, Vaisman F, Yang SP, Bulzico DA, Corbo R, Vaisman M, Tuttle RM (2016) Dynamic risk stratification in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated without radioactive iodine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101(7):2692–2700CrossRefPubMed Momesso DP, Vaisman F, Yang SP, Bulzico DA, Corbo R, Vaisman M, Tuttle RM (2016) Dynamic risk stratification in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated without radioactive iodine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101(7):2692–2700CrossRefPubMed
57.
go back to reference Freudenberg LS, Jentzen W, Petrich T, Frömke C, Marlowe RJ, Heusner T, Brandau W, Knapp WH, Bockisch A (2010) Lesion dose in differentiated thyroid carcinoma metastases after rhTSH or thyroid hormone withdrawal: 124I PET/CT dosimetric comparisons. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 37:2267–2276CrossRefPubMed Freudenberg LS, Jentzen W, Petrich T, Frömke C, Marlowe RJ, Heusner T, Brandau W, Knapp WH, Bockisch A (2010) Lesion dose in differentiated thyroid carcinoma metastases after rhTSH or thyroid hormone withdrawal: 124I PET/CT dosimetric comparisons. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 37:2267–2276CrossRefPubMed
58.
go back to reference Potzi C, Moameni A, Karanikas G, Preitfellner J, Becherer A, Pirich C, Dudczak R (2006) Comparison of iodine uptake in tumour and nontumour tissue under thyroid hormone deprivation and with recombinant human thyrotropin in thyroid cancer patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006 65:519–523CrossRef Potzi C, Moameni A, Karanikas G, Preitfellner J, Becherer A, Pirich C, Dudczak R (2006) Comparison of iodine uptake in tumour and nontumour tissue under thyroid hormone deprivation and with recombinant human thyrotropin in thyroid cancer patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006 65:519–523CrossRef
59.
go back to reference Rani D, Kaisar S, Awasare S, Kamaldeep P, Abhyankar A, Basu S (2014) Examining recombinant human TSH primed 131I therapy protocol in patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma: comparison with the traditional thyroid hormone withdrawal protocol. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 41:1767–1780CrossRefPubMed Rani D, Kaisar S, Awasare S, Kamaldeep P, Abhyankar A, Basu S (2014) Examining recombinant human TSH primed 131I therapy protocol in patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma: comparison with the traditional thyroid hormone withdrawal protocol. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 41:1767–1780CrossRefPubMed
60.
go back to reference Tala H, Robbins R, Fagin JA, Larson SM, Tuttle RM (2011) Five-year survival is similar in thyroid cancer patients with distant metastases prepared for radioactive iodine therapy with either thyroid hormone withdrawal or recombinant human TSH. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96:2105–2111CrossRefPubMed Tala H, Robbins R, Fagin JA, Larson SM, Tuttle RM (2011) Five-year survival is similar in thyroid cancer patients with distant metastases prepared for radioactive iodine therapy with either thyroid hormone withdrawal or recombinant human TSH. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96:2105–2111CrossRefPubMed
61.
go back to reference Van Nostrand D, Atkins F, Yeganeh F, Acio E, Bursaw R, Wartofsky L (2002) Dosimetrically determined doses of radioiodine for the treatment of metastatic thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 12:121–134CrossRefPubMed Van Nostrand D, Atkins F, Yeganeh F, Acio E, Bursaw R, Wartofsky L (2002) Dosimetrically determined doses of radioiodine for the treatment of metastatic thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 12:121–134CrossRefPubMed
62.
go back to reference Deandreis D, Rubino C, Tala H, Leboulleux S, Terroir M, Baudin E, Larson S, Fagin JA, Schlumberger M, Tuttle RM (2017) Comparison of empiric versus whole-body/-blood clearance dosimetry-based approach to radioactive iodine treatment in patients with metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer. J Nucl Med 58:717–722CrossRefPubMed Deandreis D, Rubino C, Tala H, Leboulleux S, Terroir M, Baudin E, Larson S, Fagin JA, Schlumberger M, Tuttle RM (2017) Comparison of empiric versus whole-body/-blood clearance dosimetry-based approach to radioactive iodine treatment in patients with metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer. J Nucl Med 58:717–722CrossRefPubMed
63.
go back to reference Pacini F, Lippi F, Formica N, Elisei R, Anelli S, Ceccarelli C, Pinchera A (1987) Therapeutic doses of iodine-131 reveal undiagnosed metastases in thyroid cancer patients with detectable serum thyroglobulin levels. J Nucl Med 28:1888–1891PubMed Pacini F, Lippi F, Formica N, Elisei R, Anelli S, Ceccarelli C, Pinchera A (1987) Therapeutic doses of iodine-131 reveal undiagnosed metastases in thyroid cancer patients with detectable serum thyroglobulin levels. J Nucl Med 28:1888–1891PubMed
64.
go back to reference Padovani RP, Robenshtok E, Brokinn M, Tuttle RM (2012) Even without additional therapy, serum thyroglobulin concentrations often decline for years after total thyroidectomy and radioactive remnant ablation in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 22:778–783CrossRefPubMed Padovani RP, Robenshtok E, Brokinn M, Tuttle RM (2012) Even without additional therapy, serum thyroglobulin concentrations often decline for years after total thyroidectomy and radioactive remnant ablation in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 22:778–783CrossRefPubMed
65.
go back to reference Clement SC, Peeters RP, Ronckers CM et al (2015) Intermediate and long-term adverse effects of radioiodine therapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma—a systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev 41:925–934CrossRefPubMed Clement SC, Peeters RP, Ronckers CM et al (2015) Intermediate and long-term adverse effects of radioiodine therapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma—a systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev 41:925–934CrossRefPubMed
66.
go back to reference Dingle IF, Mishoe AE, Nguyen SA et al (2013) Salivary morbidity and quality of life following radioactive iodine for well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 148:746–752CrossRefPubMed Dingle IF, Mishoe AE, Nguyen SA et al (2013) Salivary morbidity and quality of life following radioactive iodine for well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 148:746–752CrossRefPubMed
67.
go back to reference Canale D, Ceccarelli C, Caglieresi C et al (2015) Effects of radioiodine treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer on testis function. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 82:295–299CrossRef Canale D, Ceccarelli C, Caglieresi C et al (2015) Effects of radioiodine treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer on testis function. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 82:295–299CrossRef
68.
go back to reference Wu JX, Young S, Ro K et al (2015) Reproductive outcomes and nononcologic complications after radioactive iodine ablation for well differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 25:133–138CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Wu JX, Young S, Ro K et al (2015) Reproductive outcomes and nononcologic complications after radioactive iodine ablation for well differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 25:133–138CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
69.
go back to reference Khang AR, Cho SW, Choi HS et al (2015) The risk of second primary malignancy is increased in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with a cumulative (131) I dose over 37 GBq. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 23:220–227 Khang AR, Cho SW, Choi HS et al (2015) The risk of second primary malignancy is increased in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with a cumulative (131) I dose over 37 GBq. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 23:220–227
70.
go back to reference Sgouros G, Kolbert KS, Sheikh A, Pentlow KS, Mun EF, Barth A, Robbins RJ, Larson SM (2004) Patient-specific dosimetry for 131I thyroid cancer therapy using 124I PET and 3-dimensional-internal dosimetry (3D-ID) software. J Nucl Med 45:1366–1372PubMed Sgouros G, Kolbert KS, Sheikh A, Pentlow KS, Mun EF, Barth A, Robbins RJ, Larson SM (2004) Patient-specific dosimetry for 131I thyroid cancer therapy using 124I PET and 3-dimensional-internal dosimetry (3D-ID) software. J Nucl Med 45:1366–1372PubMed
71.
go back to reference Brose MS, Nutting CM, Jarzab B et al (2014) Sorafenib in radioactive iodine-refractory, locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet 384:319–328CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Brose MS, Nutting CM, Jarzab B et al (2014) Sorafenib in radioactive iodine-refractory, locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet 384:319–328CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
72.
go back to reference Schlumberger M, Tahara M, Wirth LJ et al (2015) Lenvatinib versus placebo in radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med 372:621–630CrossRefPubMed Schlumberger M, Tahara M, Wirth LJ et al (2015) Lenvatinib versus placebo in radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med 372:621–630CrossRefPubMed
73.
go back to reference Abadin SS, Kaplan EL, Angelos P (2010) Malpractice litigation after thyroid surgery: the role of recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries, 1989–2009. Surgery 148(4):718–722CrossRefPubMed Abadin SS, Kaplan EL, Angelos P (2010) Malpractice litigation after thyroid surgery: the role of recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries, 1989–2009. Surgery 148(4):718–722CrossRefPubMed
74.
go back to reference Polistena A, Di Lorenzo P, Sanguinetti A, Buccelli C, Conzo G, Conti A, Niola M, Avenia N (2016) Medicolegal implications of surgical errors and complications in neck surgery: a review based on the Italian current legislation. Open Med 2016 11:298–306 Polistena A, Di Lorenzo P, Sanguinetti A, Buccelli C, Conzo G, Conti A, Niola M, Avenia N (2016) Medicolegal implications of surgical errors and complications in neck surgery: a review based on the Italian current legislation. Open Med 2016 11:298–306
75.
go back to reference Randolph GW, Duh QY, Heller KS, LiVolsi VA, Mandel SJ, Steward DL, Tufano RP, Tuttle RM (2012) The prognostic significance of nodal metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma can be stratified based on the size and number of metastatic lymph nodes, as well as the presence of extranodal extension. Thyroid 22:1144–1152CrossRefPubMed Randolph GW, Duh QY, Heller KS, LiVolsi VA, Mandel SJ, Steward DL, Tufano RP, Tuttle RM (2012) The prognostic significance of nodal metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma can be stratified based on the size and number of metastatic lymph nodes, as well as the presence of extranodal extension. Thyroid 22:1144–1152CrossRefPubMed
76.
go back to reference Leboulleux S, Rubino C, Baudin E, Caillou B, Hartl DM, Bidart JM, Travagli JP, Schlumberger M (2005) Prognostic factors for persistent or recurrent disease of papillary thyroid carcinoma with neck lymph node metastases and/or tumor extension beyond the thyroid capsule at initial diagnosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:5723–5729CrossRefPubMed Leboulleux S, Rubino C, Baudin E, Caillou B, Hartl DM, Bidart JM, Travagli JP, Schlumberger M (2005) Prognostic factors for persistent or recurrent disease of papillary thyroid carcinoma with neck lymph node metastases and/or tumor extension beyond the thyroid capsule at initial diagnosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:5723–5729CrossRefPubMed
77.
go back to reference Lango M, Flieder D, Arrangoiz R, Veloski C, Yu JQ, Li T, Burtness B, Mehra R, Galloway T, Ridge JA (2013) Extranodal extension of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma: correlation with biochemical endpoints, nodal persistence, and systemic disease progression. Thyroid 23:1099–1105CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lango M, Flieder D, Arrangoiz R, Veloski C, Yu JQ, Li T, Burtness B, Mehra R, Galloway T, Ridge JA (2013) Extranodal extension of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma: correlation with biochemical endpoints, nodal persistence, and systemic disease progression. Thyroid 23:1099–1105CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metadata
Title
Italian consensus on diagnosis and treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer: joint statements of six Italian societies
Authors
F. Pacini
F. Basolo
R. Bellantone
G. Boni
M. A. Cannizzaro
M. De Palma
C. Durante
R. Elisei
G. Fadda
A. Frasoldati
L. Fugazzola
R. Guglielmi
C. P. Lombardi
P. Miccoli
E. Papini
G. Pellegriti
L. Pezzullo
A. Pontecorvi
M. Salvatori
E. Seregni
P. Vitti
Publication date
01-07-2018
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation / Issue 7/2018
Electronic ISSN: 1720-8386
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-018-0884-2

Other articles of this Issue 7/2018

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 7/2018 Go to the issue
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine