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Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology

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01-12-2019 | Allergic Rhinitis

The Effects of Air Pollution on the Development of Atopic Disease

Authors: Yasmin Hassoun, Christine James, David I. Bernstein

Published in: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology | Issue 3/2019

Abstract

Air pollution is defined as the presence of noxious substances in the air at levels that impose a health hazard. Thus, there has been long-standing interest in the possible role of indoor and outdoor air pollutants on the development of respiratory disease. In this regard, asthma has been of particular interest but many studies have also been conducted to explore the relationship between air pollution, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Traffic-related air pollutants or TRAP refers to a broad group of pollutants including elemental carbon, black soot, nitrogen dioxide (NO₂₎, nitric oxide (NO), sulfur dioxide (SO₂₎, particulate matter (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO₂). In this review, we aim to examine the current literature regarding the impact of early childhood exposure to TRAP on the development of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Although there is growing evidence suggesting significant associations, definitive conclusions cannot be made with regard to the effect of TRAP on these diseases. This conundrum may be due to a variety of factors, including different definitions used to define TRAP, case definitions under consideration, a limited number of studies, variation in study designs, and disparities between studies in consideration of confounding factors. Regardless, this review highlights the need for future studies to be conducted, particularly with birth cohorts that explore this relationship further. Such studies may assist in understanding more clearly the pathogenesis of these diseases, as well as other methods by which these diseases could be treated.

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Title: The Effects of Air Pollution on the Development of Atopic Disease
Authors: Yasmin Hassoun
Christine James
David I. Bernstein
Publication date: 01-12-2019
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Allergic Rhinitis
Bronchial Asthma
Atopic Dermatitis
Nitrous Oxide
Air Pollutants
Published in: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology / Issue 3/2019
Print ISSN: 1080-0549
Electronic ISSN: 1559-0267
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-019-08730-3

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