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22-02-2023

Cardiac Effects of Micrurus corallinus and Micrurus dumerilii carinicauda (Elapidae) Venoms and Neutralization by Brazilian Coralsnake Antivenom and Varespladib

Authors: Matheus Z. Gaspar, Ana C. Yabunaka, Rosimeire Silva-Carvalho, Charles U. Nascimento, Rejane B. Brinholi, Elisangela O. Silva, Juliana R. Gerez, Nelson J. Silva Jr., Kristian A. Torres-Bonilla, Stephen Hyslop, Francis L. Pacagnelli, Rafael S. Floriano

Published in: Cardiovascular Toxicology | Issue 3-4/2023

Abstract

In this work, we examined the action of two South American coralsnake (Micrurus corallinus and Micrurus dumerilii carinicauda) venoms on rat heart function in the absence and presence of treatment with Brazilian coralsnake antivenom (CAV) and varespladib (VPL), a potent phospholipase A₂ inhibitor. Anesthetized male Wistar rats were injected with saline (control) or a single dose of venom (1.5 mg/kg, i.m.) and monitored for alterations in echocardiographic parameters, serum CK-MB levels and cardiac histomorphology, the latter using a combination of fractal dimension and histopathological methods. Neither of the venoms caused cardiac functional alterations 2 h after venom injection; however, M. corallinus venom caused tachycardia 2 h after venom injection, with CAV (given i.p. at an antivenom:venom ratio of 1:1.5, v/w), VPL (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) and CAV + VPL preventing this increase. Both venoms increased the cardiac lesional score and serum CK-MB levels compared to saline-treated rats, but only the combination of CAV + VPL prevented these alterations, although VPL alone was able to attenuate the increase in CK-MB caused by M. corallinus venom. Micrurus corallinus venom increased the heart fractal dimension measurement, but none of the treatments prevented this alteration. In conclusion, M. corallinus and M. d. carinicauda venoms caused no major cardiac functional alterations at the dose tested, although M. corallinus venom caused transient tachycardia. Both venoms caused some cardiac morphological damage, as indicated by histomorphological analyses and the increase in circulating CK-MB levels. These alterations were consistently attenuated by a combination of CAV and VPL.

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Title: Cardiac Effects of Micrurus corallinus and Micrurus dumerilii carinicauda (Elapidae) Venoms and Neutralization by Brazilian Coralsnake Antivenom and Varespladib
Authors: Matheus Z. Gaspar
Ana C. Yabunaka
Rosimeire Silva-Carvalho
Charles U. Nascimento
Rejane B. Brinholi
Elisangela O. Silva
Juliana R. Gerez
Nelson J. Silva Jr.
Kristian A. Torres-Bonilla
Stephen Hyslop
Francis L. Pacagnelli
Rafael S. Floriano
Publication date: 22-02-2023
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Cardiovascular Toxicology / Issue 3-4/2023
Print ISSN: 1530-7905
Electronic ISSN: 1559-0259
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12012-023-09786-6

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Cardiac Effects of Micrurus corallinus and Micrurus dumerilii carinicauda (Elapidae) Venoms and Neutralization by Brazilian Coralsnake Antivenom and Varespladib

Abstract

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