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European Journal of Nutrition

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Open Access 04-02-2023 | Obesity | Original Contribution

Diet quality, food intake and incident adult-onset asthma: a Lifelines Cohort Study

Authors: Edith Visser, Kim de Jong, Janneke J. S. Pepels, Huib A. M. Kerstjens, Anneke ten Brinke, Tim van Zutphen

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 4/2023

Abstract

Purpose

Dietary factors have been suggested as drivers of the rising prevalence of adult-onset asthma, but evidence is inconclusive, possibly due to the complex interrelation with obesity. We aim to explore the relation of diet quality and food intake with incident adult-onset asthma in normal weight and overweight adults of the prospective population-based Lifelines Cohort Study.

Methods

Incident adult-onset asthma was defined as self-reported asthma at ± 4-year follow-up, in adults free of airway disease at baseline. Diet quality scores and food group intake were assessed at baseline. Log-binomial regression analyses were used to estimate adjusted relative risks (RR) between dietary intake (per portion) and incident adult-onset asthma, in categories of BMI (cutoff: 25 kg/m²).

Results

477 incident asthma cases (75% female, 62% overweight) and 34,698 controls (60% female, 53% overweight) were identified. Diet quality—assessed by the Lifelines Diet Score and Mediterranean Diet Score—was not associated with incident adult-onset asthma in the two BMI groups. Although the dietary intake of several food groups differed between cases and controls, after adjustment for confounders only few remained associated with adult-onset asthma, including red and processed meat (RR: 0.93 per 15 g intake; 95% CI 0.86–0.99) in the normal weight group and intake of cheese (RR 1.09 per 20 g intake; 95% CI 1.00–1.17) and vegetables (RR 1.10 per 50 g intake; 95% CI 1.00–1.21) in the overweight group.

Conclusion

The results of this study question the role of food as a ‘simple’ predictor of adult-onset asthma and call for an integrative approach, including a range of modifiable lifestyle factors and further asthma phenotyping.

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Title: Diet quality, food intake and incident adult-onset asthma: a Lifelines Cohort Study
Authors: Edith Visser
Kim de Jong
Janneke J. S. Pepels
Huib A. M. Kerstjens
Anneke ten Brinke
Tim van Zutphen
Publication date: 04-02-2023
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Obesity
Obesity
Bronchial Asthma
Overweight
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 4/2023
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03091-2

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