Skip to main content
Top
Published in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 11/2015

01-10-2015 | Guidelines

18F-NaF PET/CT: EANM procedure guidelines for bone imaging

Authors: M. Beheshti, F. M. Mottaghy, F. Payche, F. F. F. Behrendt, T. Van den Wyngaert, I. Fogelman, K. Strobel, M. Celli, S. Fanti, F. Giammarile, B. Krause, W. Langsteger

Published in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging | Issue 11/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

The aim of this guideline is to provide minimum standards for the performance and interpretation of 18F-NaF PET/CT scans. Standard acquisition and interpretation of nuclear imaging modalities will help to provide consistent data acquisition and numeric values between different platforms and institutes and to promote the use of PET/CT modality as an established diagnostic modality in routine clinical practice. This will also improve the value of scientific work and its contribution to evidence-based medicine.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Blau M, Nagler W, Bender MA. Fluorine-18: a new isotope for bone scanning. J Nucl Med. 1962;3:332–4.PubMed Blau M, Nagler W, Bender MA. Fluorine-18: a new isotope for bone scanning. J Nucl Med. 1962;3:332–4.PubMed
6.
7.
go back to reference Segall G, Delbeke D, Stabin MG, Even-Sapir E, Fair J, Sajdak R, et al. SNM practice guideline for sodium 18F-fluoride PET/CT bone scans 1.0. J Nucl Med. 51:1813–20. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.110.082263. Segall G, Delbeke D, Stabin MG, Even-Sapir E, Fair J, Sajdak R, et al. SNM practice guideline for sodium 18F-fluoride PET/CT bone scans 1.0. J Nucl Med. 51:1813–20. doi: 10.​2967/​jnumed.​110.​082263.
8.
go back to reference Hawkins RA, Choi Y, Huang SC, Hoh CK, Dahlbom M, Schiepers C, et al. Evaluation of the skeletal kinetics of fluorine-18-fluoride ion with PET. J Nucl Med. 1992;33:633–42.PubMed Hawkins RA, Choi Y, Huang SC, Hoh CK, Dahlbom M, Schiepers C, et al. Evaluation of the skeletal kinetics of fluorine-18-fluoride ion with PET. J Nucl Med. 1992;33:633–42.PubMed
9.
go back to reference Moore AE, Blake GM, Taylor KA, Ruff VA, Rana AE, Wan X, et al. Changes observed in radionuclide bone scans during and after teriparatide treatment for osteoporosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 39:326-36. doi:10.1007/s00259-011-1974-y. Moore AE, Blake GM, Taylor KA, Ruff VA, Rana AE, Wan X, et al. Changes observed in radionuclide bone scans during and after teriparatide treatment for osteoporosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 39:326-36. doi:10.​1007/​s00259-011-1974-y.
10.
go back to reference Blake GM, Park-Holohan SJ, Cook GJ, Fogelman I. Quantitative studies of bone with the use of 18F-fluoride and 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate. Semin Nucl Med. 2001;31:28–49.CrossRefPubMed Blake GM, Park-Holohan SJ, Cook GJ, Fogelman I. Quantitative studies of bone with the use of 18F-fluoride and 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate. Semin Nucl Med. 2001;31:28–49.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Messa C, Goodman WG, Hoh CK, Choi Y, Nissenson AR, Salusky IB, et al. Bone metabolic activity measured with positron emission tomography and [18F]fluoride ion in renal osteodystrophy: correlation with bone histomorphometry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993;77:949–55.PubMed Messa C, Goodman WG, Hoh CK, Choi Y, Nissenson AR, Salusky IB, et al. Bone metabolic activity measured with positron emission tomography and [18F]fluoride ion in renal osteodystrophy: correlation with bone histomorphometry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993;77:949–55.PubMed
12.
go back to reference Piert M, Zittel TT, Becker GA, Jahn M, Stahlschmidt A, Maier G, et al. Assessment of porcine bone metabolism by dynamic. J Nucl Med. 2001;42:1091–100.PubMed Piert M, Zittel TT, Becker GA, Jahn M, Stahlschmidt A, Maier G, et al. Assessment of porcine bone metabolism by dynamic. J Nucl Med. 2001;42:1091–100.PubMed
13.
go back to reference Fogelman I. Skeletal uptake of diphosphonate: a review. Eur J Nucl Med. 1980;5:473–6.PubMed Fogelman I. Skeletal uptake of diphosphonate: a review. Eur J Nucl Med. 1980;5:473–6.PubMed
14.
go back to reference Wootton RCD. The single-passage extraction of 18F in rabbit bone. Clin Phys Physiol Meas. 1966;7:333–43.CrossRef Wootton RCD. The single-passage extraction of 18F in rabbit bone. Clin Phys Physiol Meas. 1966;7:333–43.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Weber DA, Greenberg EJ, Dimich A, Kenny PJ, Rothschild EO, Myers WP, et al. Kinetics of radionuclides used for bone studies. J Nucl Med. 1969;10:8–17.PubMed Weber DA, Greenberg EJ, Dimich A, Kenny PJ, Rothschild EO, Myers WP, et al. Kinetics of radionuclides used for bone studies. J Nucl Med. 1969;10:8–17.PubMed
19.
go back to reference Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. National Coverage Determination (NCD) for Positron Emission Tomography (NaF-18) to Identify Bone Metastasis of Cancer. 2010;220.6.19. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. National Coverage Determination (NCD) for Positron Emission Tomography (NaF-18) to Identify Bone Metastasis of Cancer. 2010;220.6.19.
20.
go back to reference NOPR. National Oncologic PET Registry. 2012. NOPR. National Oncologic PET Registry. 2012.
21.
go back to reference Hillner BE, Siegel BA, Hanna L, Duan F, Shields AF, Quinn B, et al. Impact of 18F-Fluoride PET on intended management of patients with cancers other than prostate cancer: results from the national oncologic PET registry. J Nucl Med. 2014;55:1054–61. doi:10.2967/jnumed.113.135475.CrossRefPubMed Hillner BE, Siegel BA, Hanna L, Duan F, Shields AF, Quinn B, et al. Impact of 18F-Fluoride PET on intended management of patients with cancers other than prostate cancer: results from the national oncologic PET registry. J Nucl Med. 2014;55:1054–61. doi:10.​2967/​jnumed.​113.​135475.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Hillner BE, Siegel BA, Hanna L, Duan F, Shields AF, Coleman RE. Impact of 18F-fluoride PET in patients with known prostate cancer: initial results from the National Oncologic PET Registry. J Nucl Med. 2014;55:574–81. doi:10.2967/jnumed.113.130005.CrossRefPubMed Hillner BE, Siegel BA, Hanna L, Duan F, Shields AF, Coleman RE. Impact of 18F-fluoride PET in patients with known prostate cancer: initial results from the National Oncologic PET Registry. J Nucl Med. 2014;55:574–81. doi:10.​2967/​jnumed.​113.​130005.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Savelli G, Maffioli L, Maccauro M, De Deckere E, Bombardieri E. Bone scintigraphy and the added value of SPECT (single photon emission tomography) in detecting skeletal lesions. Q J Nucl Med. 2001;45:27–37.PubMed Savelli G, Maffioli L, Maccauro M, De Deckere E, Bombardieri E. Bone scintigraphy and the added value of SPECT (single photon emission tomography) in detecting skeletal lesions. Q J Nucl Med. 2001;45:27–37.PubMed
24.
go back to reference Chan SC, Wang HM, Ng SH, Hsu CL, Lin YJ, Lin CY, et al. Utility of 18F-fluoride PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in the detection of bony metastases in heightened-risk head and neck cancer patients. J Nucl Med. 2012;53:1730–5. doi:10.2967/jnumed.112.104893.CrossRefPubMed Chan SC, Wang HM, Ng SH, Hsu CL, Lin YJ, Lin CY, et al. Utility of 18F-fluoride PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in the detection of bony metastases in heightened-risk head and neck cancer patients. J Nucl Med. 2012;53:1730–5. doi:10.​2967/​jnumed.​112.​104893.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Even SE. Imaging of malignant bone involvement by morphologic, scintigraphic, and hybrid modalities. J Nucl Med. 2005;46:1356–67. Even SE. Imaging of malignant bone involvement by morphologic, scintigraphic, and hybrid modalities. J Nucl Med. 2005;46:1356–67.
28.
go back to reference Han LJ, Au-Yong TK, Tong WC, Chu KS, Szeto LT, Wong CP. Comparison of bone single-photon emission tomography and planar imaging in the detection of vertebral metastases in patients with back pain. Eur J Nucl Med. 1998;25:635–8.CrossRefPubMed Han LJ, Au-Yong TK, Tong WC, Chu KS, Szeto LT, Wong CP. Comparison of bone single-photon emission tomography and planar imaging in the detection of vertebral metastases in patients with back pain. Eur J Nucl Med. 1998;25:635–8.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Kosuda S, Kaji T, Yokoyama H, Yokokawa T, Katayama M, Iriye T, et al. Does bone SPECT actually have lower sensitivity for detecting vertebral metastasis than MRI? J Nucl Med. 1996;37:975–8.PubMed Kosuda S, Kaji T, Yokoyama H, Yokokawa T, Katayama M, Iriye T, et al. Does bone SPECT actually have lower sensitivity for detecting vertebral metastasis than MRI? J Nucl Med. 1996;37:975–8.PubMed
30.
go back to reference Savelli G, Chiti A, Grasselli G, Maccauro M, Rodari M, Bombardieri E. The role of bone SPET study in diagnosis of single vertebral metastases. Anticancer Res. 2000;20:1115–20.PubMed Savelli G, Chiti A, Grasselli G, Maccauro M, Rodari M, Bombardieri E. The role of bone SPET study in diagnosis of single vertebral metastases. Anticancer Res. 2000;20:1115–20.PubMed
31.
go back to reference Even-Sapir E, Martin RH, Barnes DC, Pringle CR, Iles SE, Mitchell MJ. Role of SPECT in differentiating malignant from benign lesions in the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Radiology. 1993;187:193–8.CrossRefPubMed Even-Sapir E, Martin RH, Barnes DC, Pringle CR, Iles SE, Mitchell MJ. Role of SPECT in differentiating malignant from benign lesions in the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Radiology. 1993;187:193–8.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Jacobson AF, Fogelman I. Bone scanning in clinical oncology: does it have a future? Eur J Nucl Med. 1998;25:1219–23.CrossRefPubMed Jacobson AF, Fogelman I. Bone scanning in clinical oncology: does it have a future? Eur J Nucl Med. 1998;25:1219–23.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Uematsu T, Yuen S, Yukisawa S, Aramaki T, Morimoto N, Endo M, et al. Comparison of FDG PET and SPECT for detection of bone metastases in breast cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;184:1266–73.CrossRefPubMed Uematsu T, Yuen S, Yukisawa S, Aramaki T, Morimoto N, Endo M, et al. Comparison of FDG PET and SPECT for detection of bone metastases in breast cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;184:1266–73.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Ota N, Kato K, Iwano S, Ito S, Abe S, Fujita N, et al. Comparison of (1)(8)F-fluoride PET/CT, (1)(8)F-FDG PET/CT and bone scintigraphy (planar and SPECT) in detection of bone metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer: a pilot study. Br J Radiol. 2014;87:20130444. doi:10.1259/bjr.20130444.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ota N, Kato K, Iwano S, Ito S, Abe S, Fujita N, et al. Comparison of (1)(8)F-fluoride PET/CT, (1)(8)F-FDG PET/CT and bone scintigraphy (planar and SPECT) in detection of bone metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer: a pilot study. Br J Radiol. 2014;87:20130444. doi:10.​1259/​bjr.​20130444.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
36.
go back to reference Palmedo H, Marx C, Ebert A, Kreft B, Ko Y, Turler A, et al. Whole-body SPECT/CT for bone scintigraphy: diagnostic value and effect on patient management in oncological patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014;41:59–67. doi:10.1007/s00259-013-2532-6.CrossRefPubMed Palmedo H, Marx C, Ebert A, Kreft B, Ko Y, Turler A, et al. Whole-body SPECT/CT for bone scintigraphy: diagnostic value and effect on patient management in oncological patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014;41:59–67. doi:10.​1007/​s00259-013-2532-6.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Even Sapir E, Metser U, Mishani E, Lievshitz G, Lerman H, Leibovitch I. The detection of bone metastases in patients with high-risk prostate cancer: 99mTc-MDP Planar bone scintigraphy, single- and multi-field-of-view SPECT, 18F-fluoride PET, and 18F-fluoride PET/CT. J Nucl Med. 2006;47:287–97.PubMed Even Sapir E, Metser U, Mishani E, Lievshitz G, Lerman H, Leibovitch I. The detection of bone metastases in patients with high-risk prostate cancer: 99mTc-MDP Planar bone scintigraphy, single- and multi-field-of-view SPECT, 18F-fluoride PET, and 18F-fluoride PET/CT. J Nucl Med. 2006;47:287–97.PubMed
38.
go back to reference Krger S, Buck A, Mottaghy F, Hasenkamp E, Pauls S, Schumann C, et al. Detection of bone metastases in patients with lung cancer: 99mTc-MDP planar bone scintigraphy, 18F-fluoride PET or 18F-FDG PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36:1807–12.CrossRef Krger S, Buck A, Mottaghy F, Hasenkamp E, Pauls S, Schumann C, et al. Detection of bone metastases in patients with lung cancer: 99mTc-MDP planar bone scintigraphy, 18F-fluoride PET or 18F-FDG PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36:1807–12.CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Schirrmeister H, Guhlmann A, Elsner K, Kotzerke J, Glatting G, Rentschler M, et al. Sensitivity in detecting osseous lesions depends on anatomic localization: planar bone scintigraphy versus 18F PET. J Nucl Med. 1999;40:1623–9.PubMed Schirrmeister H, Guhlmann A, Elsner K, Kotzerke J, Glatting G, Rentschler M, et al. Sensitivity in detecting osseous lesions depends on anatomic localization: planar bone scintigraphy versus 18F PET. J Nucl Med. 1999;40:1623–9.PubMed
40.
go back to reference Iagaru A, Mittra E, Dick D, Gambhir S. Prospective Evaluation of (99m)Tc MDP Scintigraphy, (18)F NaF PET/CT, and (18)F FDG PET/CT for Detection of Skeletal Metastases. Molecular imaging and biology. 2011. Iagaru A, Mittra E, Dick D, Gambhir S. Prospective Evaluation of (99m)Tc MDP Scintigraphy, (18)F NaF PET/CT, and (18)F FDG PET/CT for Detection of Skeletal Metastases. Molecular imaging and biology. 2011.
41.
go back to reference Yen RF, Chen CY, Cheng MF, Wu YW, Shiau YC, Wu K, et al. The diagnostic and prognostic effectiveness of F-18 sodium fluoride PET-CT in detecting bone metastases for hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Nucl Med Commun. 2010;31:637–45. doi:10.1097/MNM.0b013e3283399120.PubMed Yen RF, Chen CY, Cheng MF, Wu YW, Shiau YC, Wu K, et al. The diagnostic and prognostic effectiveness of F-18 sodium fluoride PET-CT in detecting bone metastases for hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Nucl Med Commun. 2010;31:637–45. doi:10.​1097/​MNM.​0b013e3283399120​.PubMed
42.
go back to reference Even-Sapir E, Metser U, Flusser G, Zuriel L, Kollender Y, Lerman H, et al. Assessment of malignant skeletal disease: initial experience with 18F-fluoride PET/CT and comparison between 18F-fluoride PET and 18F-fluoride PET/CT. J Nucl Med. 2004;45:272–8.PubMed Even-Sapir E, Metser U, Flusser G, Zuriel L, Kollender Y, Lerman H, et al. Assessment of malignant skeletal disease: initial experience with 18F-fluoride PET/CT and comparison between 18F-fluoride PET and 18F-fluoride PET/CT. J Nucl Med. 2004;45:272–8.PubMed
43.
go back to reference Schirrmeister H, Guhlmann A, Elsner K, Kotzerke J, Glatting G, Rentschler M, et al. Sensitivity in detecting osseous lesions depends on anatomic localization: planar bone scintigraphy versus 18F PET. J Nucl Med. 1999;40:1623–9.PubMed Schirrmeister H, Guhlmann A, Elsner K, Kotzerke J, Glatting G, Rentschler M, et al. Sensitivity in detecting osseous lesions depends on anatomic localization: planar bone scintigraphy versus 18F PET. J Nucl Med. 1999;40:1623–9.PubMed
44.
go back to reference Schirrmeister H, Glatting G, Hetzel J, Nussle K, Arslandemir C, Buck AK, et al. Prospective evaluation of the clinical value of planar bone scans, SPECT, and (18)F-labeled NaF PET in newly diagnosed lung cancer. J Nucl Med. 2001;42:1800–4.PubMed Schirrmeister H, Glatting G, Hetzel J, Nussle K, Arslandemir C, Buck AK, et al. Prospective evaluation of the clinical value of planar bone scans, SPECT, and (18)F-labeled NaF PET in newly diagnosed lung cancer. J Nucl Med. 2001;42:1800–4.PubMed
45.
46.
go back to reference Drubach LA. Clinical Utility of 18F NaF PET/CT in Benign and Malignant Disorders. Pet Clin. 2012;7:293–301.CrossRefPubMed Drubach LA. Clinical Utility of 18F NaF PET/CT in Benign and Malignant Disorders. Pet Clin. 2012;7:293–301.CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference Uchida K, Nakajima H, Miyazaki T, Yayama T, Kawahara H, Kobayashi S, et al. Effects of alendronate on bone metabolism in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis measured by 18F-fluoride PET: a prospective study. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:1808–14. doi:10.2967/jnumed.109.062570.CrossRefPubMed Uchida K, Nakajima H, Miyazaki T, Yayama T, Kawahara H, Kobayashi S, et al. Effects of alendronate on bone metabolism in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis measured by 18F-fluoride PET: a prospective study. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:1808–14. doi:10.​2967/​jnumed.​109.​062570.CrossRefPubMed
49.
go back to reference Tan AL, Tanner SF, Waller ML, Hensor EM, Burns A, Jeavons AP, et al. High-resolution [18F]fluoride positron emission tomography of the distal interphalangeal joint in psoriatic arthritis—a bone-enthesis-nail complex. Rheumatology. 2013;52:898–904. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kes384.CrossRefPubMed Tan AL, Tanner SF, Waller ML, Hensor EM, Burns A, Jeavons AP, et al. High-resolution [18F]fluoride positron emission tomography of the distal interphalangeal joint in psoriatic arthritis—a bone-enthesis-nail complex. Rheumatology. 2013;52:898–904. doi:10.​1093/​rheumatology/​kes384.CrossRefPubMed
50.
51.
53.
go back to reference Aratake M, Yoshifumi T, Takahashi A, Takeuchi R, Inoue T, Saito T. Evaluation of lesion in a spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee using 18F-fluoride positron emission tomography. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2009;17:53–9. doi:10.1007/s00167-008-0641-8.CrossRefPubMed Aratake M, Yoshifumi T, Takahashi A, Takeuchi R, Inoue T, Saito T. Evaluation of lesion in a spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee using 18F-fluoride positron emission tomography. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2009;17:53–9. doi:10.​1007/​s00167-008-0641-8.CrossRefPubMed
54.
55.
go back to reference Wilde F, Steinhoff K, Frerich B, Schulz T, Winter K, Hemprich A, et al. Positron-emission tomography imaging in the diagnosis of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;107:412–9. doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.09.019.CrossRefPubMed Wilde F, Steinhoff K, Frerich B, Schulz T, Winter K, Hemprich A, et al. Positron-emission tomography imaging in the diagnosis of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;107:412–9. doi:10.​1016/​j.​tripleo.​2008.​09.​019.CrossRefPubMed
56.
go back to reference Installe J, Nzeusseu A, Bol A, Depresseux G, Devogelaer JP, Lonneux M. (18)F-fluoride PET for monitoring therapeutic response in Paget’s disease of bone. J Nucl Med. 2005;46:1650–8.PubMed Installe J, Nzeusseu A, Bol A, Depresseux G, Devogelaer JP, Lonneux M. (18)F-fluoride PET for monitoring therapeutic response in Paget’s disease of bone. J Nucl Med. 2005;46:1650–8.PubMed
57.
go back to reference Fischer DR, Maquieira GJ, Espinosa N, Zanetti M, Hesselmann R, Johayem A, et al. Therapeutic impact of [(18)F]fluoride positron-emission tomography/computed tomography on patients with unclear foot pain. Skelet Radiol. 2010;39:987–97. doi:10.1007/s00256-010-0875-7.CrossRef Fischer DR, Maquieira GJ, Espinosa N, Zanetti M, Hesselmann R, Johayem A, et al. Therapeutic impact of [(18)F]fluoride positron-emission tomography/computed tomography on patients with unclear foot pain. Skelet Radiol. 2010;39:987–97. doi:10.​1007/​s00256-010-0875-7.CrossRef
58.
59.
60.
go back to reference Slipman CW, Patel RK, Vresilovic EJ, Brautigam P, Mathies A, Adam LE, et al. Osseous stress reaction in a rower diagnosed with positron emission tomography (PET): a case report. Pain Phys. 2001;4:336–42. Slipman CW, Patel RK, Vresilovic EJ, Brautigam P, Mathies A, Adam LE, et al. Osseous stress reaction in a rower diagnosed with positron emission tomography (PET): a case report. Pain Phys. 2001;4:336–42.
61.
go back to reference Berding G, Burchert W, van den Hoff J, Pytlik C, Neukam FW, Meyer GJ, et al. Evaluation of the incorporation of bone grafts used in maxillofacial surgery with [18F]fluoride ion and dynamic positron emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med. 1995;22:1133–40.CrossRefPubMed Berding G, Burchert W, van den Hoff J, Pytlik C, Neukam FW, Meyer GJ, et al. Evaluation of the incorporation of bone grafts used in maxillofacial surgery with [18F]fluoride ion and dynamic positron emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med. 1995;22:1133–40.CrossRefPubMed
62.
go back to reference Brenner W, Bohuslavizki KH, Eary JF. PET imaging of osteosarcoma. J Nucl Med. 2003;44:930–42.PubMed Brenner W, Bohuslavizki KH, Eary JF. PET imaging of osteosarcoma. J Nucl Med. 2003;44:930–42.PubMed
63.
go back to reference Drubach LA, Johnston PR, Newton AW, Perez-Rossello JM, Grant FD, Kleinman PK. Skeletal trauma in child abuse: detection with 18F-NaF PET. Radiology. 255:173–81. doi: 10.1148/radiol.09091368. Drubach LA, Johnston PR, Newton AW, Perez-Rossello JM, Grant FD, Kleinman PK. Skeletal trauma in child abuse: detection with 18F-NaF PET. Radiology. 255:173–81. doi: 10.​1148/​radiol.​09091368.
66.
go back to reference Donohoe KJ, Henkin RE, Royal HD, Brown ML, Collier BD, O’Mara RE, et al. Procedure guideline for bone scintigraphy: 1.0. Society of Nuclear Medicine. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:1903–6.PubMed Donohoe KJ, Henkin RE, Royal HD, Brown ML, Collier BD, O’Mara RE, et al. Procedure guideline for bone scintigraphy: 1.0. Society of Nuclear Medicine. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:1903–6.PubMed
68.
69.
go back to reference Hoegerle S, Juengling F, Otte A, Altehoefer C, Moser EA, Nitzsche EU. Combined FDG and [F-18]fluoride whole-body PET: a feasible two-in-one approach to cancer imaging? Radiology. 1998;209:253–8.CrossRefPubMed Hoegerle S, Juengling F, Otte A, Altehoefer C, Moser EA, Nitzsche EU. Combined FDG and [F-18]fluoride whole-body PET: a feasible two-in-one approach to cancer imaging? Radiology. 1998;209:253–8.CrossRefPubMed
71.
go back to reference Iagaru A, Mittra E, Yaghoubi SS, Dick DW, Quon A, Goris ML, et al. Novel strategy for a cocktail 18F-fluoride and 18F-FDG PET/CT scan for evaluation of malignancy: results of the pilot-phase study. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:501–5. doi:10.2967/jnumed.108.058339.CrossRefPubMed Iagaru A, Mittra E, Yaghoubi SS, Dick DW, Quon A, Goris ML, et al. Novel strategy for a cocktail 18F-fluoride and 18F-FDG PET/CT scan for evaluation of malignancy: results of the pilot-phase study. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:501–5. doi:10.​2967/​jnumed.​108.​058339.CrossRefPubMed
72.
go back to reference Frost ML, Cook GJ, Blake GM, Marsden PK, Benatar NA, Fogelman I. A prospective study of risedronate on regional bone metabolism and blood flow at the lumbar spine measured by 18F-fluoride positron emission tomography. J Bone Miner Res. 2003;18:2215–22. doi:10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.12.2215.CrossRef Frost ML, Cook GJ, Blake GM, Marsden PK, Benatar NA, Fogelman I. A prospective study of risedronate on regional bone metabolism and blood flow at the lumbar spine measured by 18F-fluoride positron emission tomography. J Bone Miner Res. 2003;18:2215–22. doi:10.​1359/​jbmr.​2003.​18.​12.​2215.CrossRef
73.
go back to reference Frost ML, Siddique M, Blake GM, Moore AE, Schleyer PJ, Dunn JT, et al. Differential effects of teriparatide on regional bone formation using (18)F-fluoride positron emission tomography. J Bone Miner Res. 26:1002–11. doi:10.1002/jbmr.305. Frost ML, Siddique M, Blake GM, Moore AE, Schleyer PJ, Dunn JT, et al. Differential effects of teriparatide on regional bone formation using (18)F-fluoride positron emission tomography. J Bone Miner Res. 26:1002–11. doi:10.​1002/​jbmr.​305.
74.
go back to reference Schiepers C, Nuyts J, Bormans G, Dequeker J, Bouillon R, Mortelmans L, et al. Fluoride kinetics of the axial skeleton measured in vivo with fluorine-18-fluoride PET. J Nucl Med. 1997;38:1970–6.PubMed Schiepers C, Nuyts J, Bormans G, Dequeker J, Bouillon R, Mortelmans L, et al. Fluoride kinetics of the axial skeleton measured in vivo with fluorine-18-fluoride PET. J Nucl Med. 1997;38:1970–6.PubMed
75.
go back to reference Cook GJ, Lodge MA, Marsden PK, Dynes A, Fogelman I. Non-invasive assessment of skeletal kinetics using fluorine-18 fluoride positron emission tomography: evaluation of image and population-derived arterial input functions. Eur J Nucl Med. 1999;26:1424–9.CrossRefPubMed Cook GJ, Lodge MA, Marsden PK, Dynes A, Fogelman I. Non-invasive assessment of skeletal kinetics using fluorine-18 fluoride positron emission tomography: evaluation of image and population-derived arterial input functions. Eur J Nucl Med. 1999;26:1424–9.CrossRefPubMed
76.
go back to reference Blake GM, Seddique M, Frost ML, Moore AE, Fogelman I. Quantitative PET imaging using 18F Sodium Fluoride in the assessment of metabolic bone disease and the monitoting of their response to therapy. Pet Clin. 2012;7:275–91.CrossRefPubMed Blake GM, Seddique M, Frost ML, Moore AE, Fogelman I. Quantitative PET imaging using 18F Sodium Fluoride in the assessment of metabolic bone disease and the monitoting of their response to therapy. Pet Clin. 2012;7:275–91.CrossRefPubMed
77.
go back to reference Wootton R, Dore C. The single-passage extraction of 18F in rabbit bone. Clin Phys Physiol Meas. 1986;7:333–43.CrossRefPubMed Wootton R, Dore C. The single-passage extraction of 18F in rabbit bone. Clin Phys Physiol Meas. 1986;7:333–43.CrossRefPubMed
79.
go back to reference Siddique M, Blake GM, Frost ML, Moore AE, Puri T, Marsden PK, et al. Estimation of regional bone metabolism from whole-body 18F-fluoride PET static images. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 39:337–43. doi:10.1007/s00259-011-1966-y. Siddique M, Blake GM, Frost ML, Moore AE, Puri T, Marsden PK, et al. Estimation of regional bone metabolism from whole-body 18F-fluoride PET static images. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 39:337–43. doi:10.​1007/​s00259-011-1966-y.
80.
go back to reference Blake GM, Siddique M, Frost ML, Moore AE, Fogelman I. Radionuclide studies of bone metabolism: do bone uptake and bone plasma clearance provide equivalent measurements of bone turnover? Bone. 49:537–42. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.05.031. Blake GM, Siddique M, Frost ML, Moore AE, Fogelman I. Radionuclide studies of bone metabolism: do bone uptake and bone plasma clearance provide equivalent measurements of bone turnover? Bone. 49:537–42. doi: 10.​1016/​j.​bone.​2011.​05.​031.
82.
go back to reference Vali R, Beheshti M, Waldenberger P, Fitz F, Haim S, Nader M, et al. Assessment of malignant and benighn bone lesions by static F-18 Fluoride PET-CT: additional value of SUV! J Nucl Med. 2008;49:150P. Vali R, Beheshti M, Waldenberger P, Fitz F, Haim S, Nader M, et al. Assessment of malignant and benighn bone lesions by static F-18 Fluoride PET-CT: additional value of SUV! J Nucl Med. 2008;49:150P.
83.
go back to reference Cook Jr G, Parker C, Chua S, Johnson B, Aksnes AK, Lewington VJ. 18F-fluoride PET: changes in uptake as a method to assess response in bone metastases from castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with 223Ra-chloride (Alpharadin). EJNMMI Res. 2011;1:4. doi:10.1186/2191-219X-1-4.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Cook Jr G, Parker C, Chua S, Johnson B, Aksnes AK, Lewington VJ. 18F-fluoride PET: changes in uptake as a method to assess response in bone metastases from castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with 223Ra-chloride (Alpharadin). EJNMMI Res. 2011;1:4. doi:10.​1186/​2191-219X-1-4.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
84.
go back to reference Tateishi U, Morita S, Taguri M, Shizukuishi K, Minamimoto R, Kawaguchi M, et al. A meta-analysis of (18)F-Fluoride positron emission tomography for assessment of metastatic bone tumor. Ann Nucl Med. 24:523–31. doi:10.1007/s12149-010-0393-7. Tateishi U, Morita S, Taguri M, Shizukuishi K, Minamimoto R, Kawaguchi M, et al. A meta-analysis of (18)F-Fluoride positron emission tomography for assessment of metastatic bone tumor. Ann Nucl Med. 24:523–31. doi:10.​1007/​s12149-010-0393-7.
87.
go back to reference Beheshti M, Vali R, Waldenberger P, Fitz F, Nader M, Loidl W, et al. Detection of bone metastases in patients with prostate cancer by 18F fluorocholine and 18F fluoride PET-CT: a comparative study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;35:1766–74. doi:10.1007/s00259-008-0788-z.CrossRefPubMed Beheshti M, Vali R, Waldenberger P, Fitz F, Nader M, Loidl W, et al. Detection of bone metastases in patients with prostate cancer by 18F fluorocholine and 18F fluoride PET-CT: a comparative study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;35:1766–74. doi:10.​1007/​s00259-008-0788-z.CrossRefPubMed
88.
go back to reference Radiation dose to patients from radiopharmaceuticals (addendum 3 to ICRP Publication 53) ICRP publication 106 approved by the Commission in October 2007. Ann ICRP 2008;38:1–197. Radiation dose to patients from radiopharmaceuticals (addendum 3 to ICRP Publication 53) ICRP publication 106 approved by the Commission in October 2007. Ann ICRP 2008;38:1–197.
89.
go back to reference Radiation dose to patients from radiopharmaceuticals (addendum 2 to ICRP publication 53): ICRP publication 80, approved by the Commission in September 1997. Ann ICRP. 1998;28:1–126. Radiation dose to patients from radiopharmaceuticals (addendum 2 to ICRP publication 53): ICRP publication 80, approved by the Commission in September 1997. Ann ICRP. 1998;28:1–126.
Metadata
Title
18F-NaF PET/CT: EANM procedure guidelines for bone imaging
Authors
M. Beheshti
F. M. Mottaghy
F. Payche
F. F. F. Behrendt
T. Van den Wyngaert
I. Fogelman
K. Strobel
M. Celli
S. Fanti
F. Giammarile
B. Krause
W. Langsteger
Publication date
01-10-2015
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging / Issue 11/2015
Print ISSN: 1619-7070
Electronic ISSN: 1619-7089
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-015-3138-y

Other articles of this Issue 11/2015

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 11/2015 Go to the issue