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Diabetologia
Published in: Diabetologia 12/2005

01-12-2005 | Article

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase is essential for interleukin-1-induced and nuclear factor κB-mediated gene expression in insulin-producing INS-1E cells

Authors: L. Larsen, J. Størling, M. Darville, D. L. Eizirik, C. Bonny, N. Billestrup, T. Mandrup-Poulsen

Published in: Diabetologia | Issue 12/2005

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Abstract

Aims/hypothesis

The beta cell destruction and insulin deficiency that characterises type 1 diabetes mellitus is partially mediated by cytokines, such as IL-1β, and by nitric oxide (NO)-dependent and -independent effector mechanisms. IL-1β activates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) pathway. Both pathways are required for expression of the gene encoding inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and for IL-1β-mediated beta cell death. The molecular mechanisms by which these two pathways regulate beta cell Nos2 expression are currently unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify the putative crosstalk between MAPK and NFκB activation in beta cells.

Materials and methods

The MAPKs ERK, p38 and JNK were inhibited by SB203580, PD98059 or Tat-JNK binding domain or by cells overexpressing the JNK binding domain. The effects of MAPK inhibition on IL-1β-induced iNOS production and kappa B inhibitor protein (IκB) degradation were examined by western blotting. NFκB DNA binding was investigated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, while NFκB-induced gene transcription was evaluated by gene reporter assays.

Results

Inhibition of the MAPKs did not affect IκB degradation or NFκB DNA binding. However, inhibition of ERK reduced NFκB-mediated Nos2 expression; serine 276 phosphorylation of the p65 unit of the NFκB complex seemed critical, as evaluated by amino acid mutation analysis.

Conclusions/interpretation

ERK activity is required for NFκB-mediated transcription of Nos2 in insulin-producing INS-1E cells, indicating that ERK regulates Nos2 expression by increasing the transactivating capacity of NFκB. This may involve phosphorylation of Ser276 on p65 by an as yet unidentified kinase.
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Metadata
Title
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase is essential for interleukin-1-induced and nuclear factor κB-mediated gene expression in insulin-producing INS-1E cells
Authors
L. Larsen
J. Størling
M. Darville
D. L. Eizirik
C. Bonny
N. Billestrup
T. Mandrup-Poulsen
Publication date
01-12-2005
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Diabetologia / Issue 12/2005
Print ISSN: 0012-186X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0428
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-005-0039-9

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