Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Infectious Diseases
Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases 1/2020

Open Access 01-12-2020 | Leishmania | Research article

Distribution, treatment outcome and genetic diversity of Leishmania species in military personnel from Colombia with cutaneous leishmaniasis

Authors: Camilo A. Correa-Cárdenas, Julie Pérez, Luz H. Patino, Juan David Ramírez, Maria Clara Duque, Yanira Romero, Omar Cantillo-Barraza, Omaira Rodríguez, Maria Teresa Alvarado, Claudia Cruz, Claudia Méndez

Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases | Issue 1/2020

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Leishmaniasis is one of the most important infectious diseases affecting the Colombian National Army due to the high number of reported cases and exposure throughout military operations in endemic areas. The main aim of this study was to estimate the geographical distribution along with the genetic diversity and treatment outcome of Leishmania species in Colombian military personnel.

Methods

Skin lesion samples by smear and aspirate were collected in 136 patients having parasitological cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) diagnosis. DNA was extracted, the nuclear marker heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was amplified by PCR and sequenced. Leishmania species were identified by BLASTn. The geo-spatial distribution of the identified parasites was determined according to the possible site of infection. Gene tree was constructed by maximum likelihood (ML), diversity indices (π, h) were estimated and haplotype network was constructed under the Templeton-Crandall-Sing algorithm in order to determine the geographic relationships of the genetic variants of Leishmania species circulating in Colombian military population.

Results

The species were identified in 77.94% of the samples, with a predominance of L. braziliensis (65.09%), followed by L. panamensis (31.13%), L. naiffi by the first time reported in Colombia in two patients (1.89%) as well as L. lindenbergi in a single patient (0.945%) with possible infection in the municipality of Miraflores, Guaviare and L. infantum in a single patient (0.945%) notified with CL in the municipality of Tumaco, Nariño. The phylogenetic analysis was consistent according to bootstrap, showing four strongly differentiated clades.

Conclusions

The geo-spatial distribution suggested that L. braziliensis has a greater abundance, while L. panamensis has a greater dispersion. The phylogenetic relationships of Leishmania species in Colombian military personnel was estimated with the confirmation of two new species circulating without prior report in the country and a species with no background for CL in the Colombian army. A substantial genetic diversity of Leishmania braziliensis was defined. This study contributes through the understanding of the molecular epidemiology to the CL transmission in Colombia.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Young DG, Morales A, Kreutzer RD, Alexander JB, Corredor A, Tesh RB, et al. Isolations of Leishmania braziliensis (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) from cryopreserved Colombian sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). J Med Entomol. 1987;24(5):587–9.PubMedCrossRef
2.
3.
Ul BA. Chronology of cutaneous leishmaniasis: An overview of the history of the disease. J Pakistan Assoc Dermatologists. 2006;16(1):24–7.
4.
PAHO/WHO. Leishmaniases - Epidemiological Report of the Americas. No 8. Washington DC; 2019.
5.
INS. Informe de evento leishmaniasis cutanea, mucosa y visceral, Colombia, 2018. Bogotá DC; 2019.
6.
7.
Ramírez JD, Hernández C, León CM, Ayala MS, Flórez C, González C. Taxonomy, diversity, temporal and geographical distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Colombia: A retrospective study. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1):28266.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
8.
Patino LH, Mendez C, Rodriguez O, Romero Y, Velandia D, Alvarado M, et al. Spatial distribution, Leishmania species and clinical traits of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis cases in the Colombian army. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11(8):e0005876.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
9.
Montalvo AM, Fraga J, Montano I, Monzote L, Auwera G. Van der, Marín M, et al. Identificación molecular con base en el gen hsp70 de aislamientos clínicos de Leishmania spp. en Colombia. Biomédica. 2016;36(Sup1 SE-Artículos originales).
10.
Ovalle-Bracho C, Londoño-Barbosa D, Salgado-Almario J, González C. Evaluating the spatial distribution of Leishmania parasites in Colombia from clinical samples and human isolates (1999 to 2016). PLoS One. 2019;14(3):e0214124.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
11.
Perez-Franco JE, Cruz-Barrera ML, Robayo ML, Lopez MC, Daza CD, Bedoya A, et al. Clinical and Parasitological Features of Patients with American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis that Did Not Respond to Treatment with Meglumine Antimoniate. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10(5):e0004739.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
12.
Corredor A, Gallego JF, Tesh RB, Morales A, de Carrasquilla CF, Young DG, et al. Epidemiology of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1989;40(5):480–6.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Ovalle CE, Porras L, Rey M, Ríos M, Camargo YC. Distribución geográfica de especies de Leishmania aisladas de pacientes consultantes al Instituto Nacional de Dermatología Federico Lleras Acosta, E.S.E., 1995-2005. Biomédica. 2006;26(Sup1 SE-Artículos originales).
14.
Ferro C, López M, Fuya P, Lugo L, Cordovez JM, González C. Spatial Distribution of Sand Fly Vectors and Eco-Epidemiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Transmission in Colombia. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0139391.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
15.
Suárez M, Valencia BM, Jara M, Alba M, Boggild AK, Dujardin J-C, et al. Quantification of Leishmania (Viannia) Kinetoplast DNA in Ulcers of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Reveals Inter-site and Inter-sampling Variability in Parasite Load. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(7):e0003936.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
16.
Hernández C, Alvarez C, González C, Ayala MS, León CM, Ramírez JD. Identification of six New World Leishmania species through the implementation of a High-Resolution Melting (HRM) genotyping assay. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:501.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
17.
Kearse M, Moir R, Wilson A, Stones-Havas S, Cheung M, Sturrock S, et al. Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics. 2012;28(12):1647–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
19.
Maddison WP, Maddison DR. Interactive analysis of phylogeny and character evolution using the computer program MacClade. Folia Primatol (Basel). 1989;53(1–4):190–202.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Maddison D, Maddison W. MacClade 4: Analysis of phylogeny and character evolution. Sunderland MA: Sinauer Associates Inc Publishers; 2000. p. 492.
21.
ESRI. Environmental Systems Research Institute. Redlands CA: ArcGIS; 2015.
22.
Odiwuor S, Veland N, Maes I, Arévalo J, Dujardin J-C, Van der Auwera G. Evolution of the Leishmania braziliensis species complex from amplified fragment length polymorphisms, and clinical implications. Infect Genet Evol. 2012;12(8):1994–2002.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Van der Auwera G, Maes I, De Doncker S, Ravel C, Cnops L, Van Esbroeck M, et al. Heat-shock protein 70 gene sequencing for Leishmania species typing in European tropical infectious disease clinics. Euro Surveill. 2013;18(30):20543.PubMed
24.
Van der Auwera G, Bart A, Chicharro C, Cortes S, Davidsson L, Di Muccio T, et al. Comparison of Leishmania typing results obtained from 16 European clinical laboratories in 2014. Euro Surveill. 2016;21(49):30418.PubMedPubMedCentral
25.
Gómez-Hernández C, Bento EC, Rezende-Oliveira K, Nascentes GAN, Barbosa CG, Batista LR, et al. Leishmania infection in bats from a non-endemic region of Leishmaniasis in Brazil. Parasitology. 2017;144(14):1980–6.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Espada CR, Ortiz PA, Shaw JJ, Barral AMP, Costa JML, Uliana SRB, et al. Identification of Leishmania (Viannia) species and clinical isolates of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis from Brazil using PCR-RFLP of the heat-shock protein 70 gene reveals some unexpected observations. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2018;91(4):312–8.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Kato H, Gomez EA, Seki C, Furumoto H, Martini-Robles L, Muzzio J, et al. PCR-RFLP analyses of Leishmania species causing cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis revealed distribution of genetically complex strains with hybrid and mito-nuclear discordance in Ecuador. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(5):e0007403.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
28.
Adaui V, Castillo D, Zimic M, Gutierrez A, Decuypere S, Vanaerschot M, et al. Comparative Gene Expression Analysis throughout the Life Cycle of Leishmania braziliensis: Diversity of Expression Profiles among Clinical Isolates. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5(5):e1021.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
29.
Fraga J, Montalvo AM, De Doncker S, Dujardin J-C, Van der Auwera G. Phylogeny of Leishmania species based on the heat-shock protein 70 gene. Infect Genet Evol. 2010;10(2):238–45.PubMedCrossRef
30.
da Silva LA, de Sousa CDS, da Graça GC, Porrozzi R, Cupolillo E. Sequence analysis and PCR-RFLP profiling of the hsp70 gene as a valuable tool for identifying Leishmania species associated with human leishmaniasis in Brazil. Infect Genet Evol. 2010;10(1):77–83.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Rambaut A. FigTree, Institute of Evolutionary Biology University of Edinburgh. United Kingdom; 2009.
32.
Librado P, Rozas J. DnaSP v5: a software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics. 2009;25(11):1451–2.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Clement M, Posada D, Crandall KA. TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies. Mol Ecol. 2000;9(10):1657–9.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Lainson R, Shaw JJ. Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi sp. n., a parasite of the armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus (L.) in Amazonian Brazil. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp. 1989;64(1):3–9.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Pratlong F, Deniau M, Darie H, Eichenlaub S, Pröll S, Garrabe E, et al. Human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania naiffi is wide-spread in South America. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2002;96(8):781–5.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Kato H, Gomez EA, Yamamoto Y, Calvopiña M, Guevara AG, Marco JD, et al. Natural infection of Lutzomyia tortura with Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi in an Amazonian area of Ecuador. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008;79(3):438–40.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Azpurua J, De La Cruz D, Valderama A, Windsor D. Lutzomyia Sand Fly Diversity and Rates of Infection by Wolbachia and an Exotic Leishmania Species on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010;4(3):e627.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
38.
van Thiel P-PAM, van Gool T, Kager PA, Bart A. First cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi infection in Surinam. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010;82(4):588–90.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
39.
Fraga J, Montalvo AM, Van der Auwera G, Maes I, Dujardin J-C, Requena JM. Evolution and species discrimination according to the Leishmania heat-shock protein 20 gene. Infect Genet Evol. 2013;18:229–37.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Montalvo AM, Fraga J, Tirado D, Blandón G, Alba A, Van der Auwera G, et al. Detection and identification of Leishmania spp.: application of two hsp70-based PCR-RFLP protocols to clinical samples from the New World. Parasitol Res. 2017;116(7):1843–8.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Cássia-Pires R, Boité MC, D’Andrea PS, Herrera HM, Cupolillo E, Jansen AM, et al. Distinct Leishmania Species Infecting Wild Caviomorph Rodents (Rodentia: Hystricognathi) from Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8(12):e3389.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
42.
43.
Naiff RD, Freitas RA, Naiff MF, Arias JR, Barrett TV, Momen H, et al. Epidemiological and nosological aspects of Leishmania naiffi Lainson & Shaw, 1989. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1991;86(3):317–21.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Grimaldi G Jr, Momen H, Naiff RD, McMahon-Pratt D, Barrett TV. Characterization and classification of leishmanial parasites from humans, wild mammals, and sand flies in the Amazon region of Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1991;44(6):645–61.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Gil LHS, Basano SA, Souza AA, Silva MGS, Barata I, Ishikawa EA, et al. Recent observations on the sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) fauna of the State of Rondônia, Western Amazônia, Brazil: the importance of Psychdopygus davisi as a vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, vol. 98: Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz . scielo; 2003. p. 751–5.
46.
Kato H, Calvopiña M, Criollo H, Hashiguchi Y. First human cases of Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi infection in Ecuador and identification of its suspected vector species. Acta Trop. 2013;128(3):710–3.PubMedCrossRef
47.
48.
Cantanhêde LM, Mattos CB, de Souza RC, Filgueira CPB, da Silva Júnior CF, Limeira C, et al. First report of Leishmania (Viannia) lindenbergi causing tegumentary leishmaniasis in the Brazilian western Amazon region TT - Premier signalement de Leishmania (Viannia) lindenbergi causant une leishmaniose tégumentaire dans la région amazonienne de l’o. Parasite. 2019;26:30.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
49.
Silveira FT, Ishikawa EAY, De Souza AAA, Lainson R. An outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis among soldiers in Belém, Pará State, Brazil, caused by Leishmania (Viannia) lindenbergi n. sp. A new leishmanial parasite of man in the Amazon region. Parasite. 2002;9(1):43–50.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Trujillo AV, Reina AEG, Orjuela AG, Suarez EP, Palomares JE, Alvarez LSB. Seasonal variation and natural infection of Lutzomyia antunesi (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), an endemic species in the Orinoquia region of Colombia, vol. 108: Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz . scielo; 2013. p. 463–9.
51.
Schwartz E, Hatz C, Blum J. New world cutaneous leishmaniasis in travellers. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006;6(6):342–9.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Cincurá C, de Lima CMF, Machado PRL, Oliveira-Filho J, Glesby MJ, Lessa MM, et al. Mucosal leishmaniasis: A Retrospective Study of 327 Cases from an Endemic Area of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017;97(3):761–6.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
53.
Méndez-Bejarano, C. P., Correa-Cárdenas, C. A., Pérez-Rico, J. J., Romero-Barbosa, Y. A., & Rodríguez-Angarita, O. Parasitic load of Leishmania spp. in Colombian military personnel with cutaneous leishmaniasis: a case study. Revista Científica General José María Córdova. 2020;18(29):237–66.
54.
Patino LH, Imamura H, Cruz-Saavedra L, Pavia P, Muskus C, Méndez C, et al. Major changes in chromosomal somy, gene expression and gene dosage driven by Sb(III) in Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania panamensis. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):9485.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
55.
WHO Expert Committee on the Control of the Organization World Health. Control of the leishmaniases: report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Commitee on the Control of Leishmaniases, Geneva, 22-26 March 2010. Geneva PP - Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010. (WHO technical report series ; 949).
56.
Marin J, Urrea D, Muskus C, Echeverry MC, Mejía AM, Triana O. Curvas de fusión de regiones genómicas específicas: una herramienta prometedora para el diagnóstico y tipificación de las especies causantes de la leishmaniasis cutánea en Colombia. Biomedica. 2017;37(4):538–47.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Distribution, treatment outcome and genetic diversity of Leishmania species in military personnel from Colombia with cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors
Camilo A. Correa-Cárdenas
Julie Pérez
Luz H. Patino
Juan David Ramírez
Maria Clara Duque
Yanira Romero
Omar Cantillo-Barraza
Omaira Rodríguez
Maria Teresa Alvarado
Claudia Cruz
Claudia Méndez
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Infectious Diseases / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2334
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05529-y

Other articles of this Issue 1/2020

BMC Infectious Diseases 1/2020 Go to the issue

Research article

Rotavirus group A genotype circulation patterns across Kenya before and after nationwide vaccine introduction, 2010–2018

Research article

Bacterial profile, antibiotic susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors of urinary tract infection among clinically suspected children attending at Felege-Hiwot comprehensive and specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A prospective study

Research article

Objective cognitive performance and subjective complaints in patients with chronic Q fever or Q fever fatigue syndrome

Research article

A nomogramic model based on clinical and laboratory parameters at admission for predicting the survival of COVID-19 patients

Research article

Acceptability of HIV self-testing is low among men who have sex with men who have not tested for HIV: a study with respondent-driven sampling in Brazil

Research article

What is needed to achieve HCV microelimination among HIV-infected populations in Andalusia, Spain: a modeling analysis
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits