Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology 3/2018

01-08-2018

Left bundle branch block and the evolving role of QRS morphology in selection of patients for cardiac resynchronization

Author: Kelley P. Anderson

Published in: Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology | Issue 3/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The clinical significance of left bundle branch block (LBBB) has recently expanded with the discovery of a strong association with better outcomes in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Methods

Several milestones have contributed to the current understanding on the role of LBBB in clinical practice.

Result

Sunao Tawara described the arrangement of components of what he called the cardiac conduction system from the atrioventricular node to the terminal Purkinje fibers that connect to the working myocardium, and his hypotheses on how it functions remain current. Mauricio Rosenbaum and colleagues developed the bifascicular model of the left-sided conduction system that explains the characteristic electrocardiographic changes associated with propagation disturbances in its components. Andrés Ricardo Pérez-Riera and others have disputed the bifascicular model as oversimplified and have emphasized the role of the left septal fascicle. Marcelo Elizari and colleagues have explained the importance of masquerading bundle branch block. Elena Sgarbossa and colleagues developed a scheme to recognize ST elevation myocardial infarction in patients with left bundle branch block which remains current after more than 20 years. Enrique Cabrera and others identified electrocardiographic signs of remote myocardial infarction.

Conclusion

Substantial progress has been made in the understanding of LBBB, yet its role in clinical practice continues to evolve and important gaps remain to which research should be directed.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Purkinje J. Mikroskopisch-neurologische Beobachtungen. Arch Anat Physiol Wiss Med. 1845;12:281–95. Purkinje J. Mikroskopisch-neurologische Beobachtungen. Arch Anat Physiol Wiss Med. 1845;12:281–95.
2.
go back to reference Paladino G. Contribuzione all’anatomia, istologia e fisiologia del cuore. Mov Med-Chir (Napoli) 1876;8:428–49. Paladino G. Contribuzione all’anatomia, istologia e fisiologia del cuore. Mov Med-Chir (Napoli) 1876;8:428–49.
3.
go back to reference His W Jr. Die Tätigkeit des embryonalen Herzens und deren Bedeutung für die Lehre von Herzbewegung beim Erwachsenen. Arch Med Klin Leipzig. 1893;1:14–49. His W Jr. Die Tätigkeit des embryonalen Herzens und deren Bedeutung für die Lehre von Herzbewegung beim Erwachsenen. Arch Med Klin Leipzig. 1893;1:14–49.
4.
go back to reference Tawara S. The conduction system in the mammalian heart—an Anatomico histological study of the atrioventricular bundle and the Purkinje fibers; translated by K. Suma & M. Shimada from the original book: Tawara S. Das Reizleitungssystem des Säugetierherzens: eine anatomisch-histologische Studie über die Atrioventrikularbündel und der Purkinjeschen Fäden. Jena, Germany: Verlag Gustav Fischer; 1906. Tawara S. The conduction system in the mammalian heart—an Anatomico histological study of the atrioventricular bundle and the Purkinje fibers; translated by K. Suma & M. Shimada from the original book: Tawara S. Das Reizleitungssystem des Säugetierherzens: eine anatomisch-histologische Studie über die Atrioventrikularbündel und der Purkinjeschen Fäden. Jena, Germany: Verlag Gustav Fischer; 1906.
5.
go back to reference Rosenbaum MB, Elizari MV, Lazzari JO. The hemiblocks. New concepts of intraventricular conduction based on human anatomical, physiological and clinical studies. Oldsmar: Tampa Tracings; 1970. Rosenbaum MB, Elizari MV, Lazzari JO. The hemiblocks. New concepts of intraventricular conduction based on human anatomical, physiological and clinical studies. Oldsmar: Tampa Tracings; 1970.
6.
go back to reference Elizari MV. The normal variants in the left bundle branch system. J Electrocardiol. 2017;50:389–99.CrossRefPubMed Elizari MV. The normal variants in the left bundle branch system. J Electrocardiol. 2017;50:389–99.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Demoulin JC, Kubertus HE. Histopathological examination of concept of left hemiblock. Br Heart J. 1972;34(8):07–14.CrossRef Demoulin JC, Kubertus HE. Histopathological examination of concept of left hemiblock. Br Heart J. 1972;34(8):07–14.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Hecht HH, Kossmann CE, Childers RW, Langendorf R, Lev M, Rosen KM, et al. Atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction. Revised the nomenclature and concepts. Am J Cardiol. 1973;31(2):232–44.CrossRefPubMed Hecht HH, Kossmann CE, Childers RW, Langendorf R, Lev M, Rosen KM, et al. Atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction. Revised the nomenclature and concepts. Am J Cardiol. 1973;31(2):232–44.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Ibarrola M, Chiale PA, Pérez-Riera AR, Baranchuk A. Phase 4 left septal fascicular block. Heart Rhythm. 2014;11(9):1655–7.CrossRefPubMed Ibarrola M, Chiale PA, Pérez-Riera AR, Baranchuk A. Phase 4 left septal fascicular block. Heart Rhythm. 2014;11(9):1655–7.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Bayés De Luna A, Pérez-Riera A, Baranchuk A, Chiale P, Iturralde P, Pastore C, et al. Electrocardiographic manifestation of the middle fibers/septal fascicle block: a consensus report. J Electrocardiol. 2012;45:454–60.CrossRefPubMed Bayés De Luna A, Pérez-Riera A, Baranchuk A, Chiale P, Iturralde P, Pastore C, et al. Electrocardiographic manifestation of the middle fibers/septal fascicle block: a consensus report. J Electrocardiol. 2012;45:454–60.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Eppinger H, Rothberger J. Zur Analyse des Elektrokardiograms. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1909;22:1091–8. Eppinger H, Rothberger J. Zur Analyse des Elektrokardiograms. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1909;22:1091–8.
15.
go back to reference Eppinger H, Rothberger J. Uber die Folgen der Durchschneidung der Tawaraschen Schenkel des Reizleitungssystems. Klin Med. 1910;70:1–20. Eppinger H, Rothberger J. Uber die Folgen der Durchschneidung der Tawaraschen Schenkel des Reizleitungssystems. Klin Med. 1910;70:1–20.
16.
go back to reference Eppinger H, Stoerk O. Zur Klinik des Elektrokardiogramms. Klin Med. 1910;71:157–64. Eppinger H, Stoerk O. Zur Klinik des Elektrokardiogramms. Klin Med. 1910;71:157–64.
17.
go back to reference Wilson FN, Herrmann GR. Bundle branch block and arborization block. Arch Intern Med. 1920;26:153–91.CrossRef Wilson FN, Herrmann GR. Bundle branch block and arborization block. Arch Intern Med. 1920;26:153–91.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Oppenheimer BS, Pardee HEB. The site of the cardiac lesion in two instances of intraventricular heart-block. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1920;17:117.CrossRef Oppenheimer BS, Pardee HEB. The site of the cardiac lesion in two instances of intraventricular heart-block. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1920;17:117.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Fahr G. An analysis of the spread of the excitation wave in the human ventricle. Arch Intern Med. 1920;25:146.CrossRef Fahr G. An analysis of the spread of the excitation wave in the human ventricle. Arch Intern Med. 1920;25:146.CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Wilson FN. Concerning the form of the QRS deflections of the electrocardiogram in bundle branch block. J Mount Sinai Hosp N Y. 1941;8:1110. Wilson FN. Concerning the form of the QRS deflections of the electrocardiogram in bundle branch block. J Mount Sinai Hosp N Y. 1941;8:1110.
21.
go back to reference Barker PS, Macleod AG, Alexander JA. The excitatory process observed in the exposed human heart. Am Heart J. 1930;5:720–42.CrossRef Barker PS, Macleod AG, Alexander JA. The excitatory process observed in the exposed human heart. Am Heart J. 1930;5:720–42.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Macleod AG, Wilson FN, Barker PS. The form of the electrocardiogram. I. Intrinsicoid electrocardiographic deflections in animals and man. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1930;27:586–7.CrossRef Macleod AG, Wilson FN, Barker PS. The form of the electrocardiogram. I. Intrinsicoid electrocardiographic deflections in animals and man. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1930;27:586–7.CrossRef
23.
go back to reference The Criteria Committee of the New York Heart Association. Diseases of the heart and blood vessels: nomenclature and criteria for diagnosis. 7th ed. Boston: Little, Brown and Co; 1973. p. 239–42. The Criteria Committee of the New York Heart Association. Diseases of the heart and blood vessels: nomenclature and criteria for diagnosis. 7th ed. Boston: Little, Brown and Co; 1973. p. 239–42.
24.
go back to reference Willems JL, Robles de Medina EO, Bernard R, Coumel P, Fisch C, Krikler D, et al. Criteria for intraventricular conduction disturbances and pre-excitation. World Health Organizational/International Society and Federation for Cardiology Task Force ad hoc. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985;5(6):1261–75.CrossRefPubMed Willems JL, Robles de Medina EO, Bernard R, Coumel P, Fisch C, Krikler D, et al. Criteria for intraventricular conduction disturbances and pre-excitation. World Health Organizational/International Society and Federation for Cardiology Task Force ad hoc. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985;5(6):1261–75.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference De Luna AB, Batchvarov BN, Malik M. The morphology of the electrocardiogram. In: Camm AJ, editor. The ESC textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 1st ed. UK: Blackwell Publishing LTD; 2006. De Luna AB, Batchvarov BN, Malik M. The morphology of the electrocardiogram. In: Camm AJ, editor. The ESC textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 1st ed. UK: Blackwell Publishing LTD; 2006.
26.
go back to reference Surawicz B, Childers R, Deal BJ, Gettes LS, Bailey JJ, Gorgels A, et al. AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part III: intraventricular conduction disturbances: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society: endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:976–81.CrossRefPubMed Surawicz B, Childers R, Deal BJ, Gettes LS, Bailey JJ, Gorgels A, et al. AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part III: intraventricular conduction disturbances: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society: endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:976–81.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Brignole M, Auricchio A, Baron-Esquivias G, Bordachar P, Boriani G, Breithardt OA, et al. 2013 ESC guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: the task force on cardiac pacing and resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed in collaboration with the European heart rhythm association. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:2281–329.CrossRefPubMed Brignole M, Auricchio A, Baron-Esquivias G, Bordachar P, Boriani G, Breithardt OA, et al. 2013 ESC guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: the task force on cardiac pacing and resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed in collaboration with the European heart rhythm association. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:2281–329.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Richman JL, Wolff L. Left bundle branch block masquerading as right bundle branch block. Am Heart J. 1954;47:383–93.CrossRefPubMed Richman JL, Wolff L. Left bundle branch block masquerading as right bundle branch block. Am Heart J. 1954;47:383–93.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Unger PN, Lesser ME, Kugel VH, Lev M. The concept of “masquerading” bundle-branch block an electrocardiographic-pathologic correlation. Circ. 1958;17:397–409.CrossRef Unger PN, Lesser ME, Kugel VH, Lev M. The concept of “masquerading” bundle-branch block an electrocardiographic-pathologic correlation. Circ. 1958;17:397–409.CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Rosenbaum MB, Yesurón J, Lázzari JO, Elizari MV. Left anterior hemiblock obscuring the diagnosis of right bundle branch block. Circulation. 1973;48:298–303.CrossRefPubMed Rosenbaum MB, Yesurón J, Lázzari JO, Elizari MV. Left anterior hemiblock obscuring the diagnosis of right bundle branch block. Circulation. 1973;48:298–303.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Elizari MV, Baranchuk A, Chiale PA. Masquerading bundle branch block: a variety of right bundle branch block with left anterior fascicular block. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2013;11(1):69–75.CrossRefPubMed Elizari MV, Baranchuk A, Chiale PA. Masquerading bundle branch block: a variety of right bundle branch block with left anterior fascicular block. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2013;11(1):69–75.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, Antunes MJ, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Bueno H, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(2):119–77. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393.CrossRefPubMed Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, Antunes MJ, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Bueno H, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(2):119–77. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​eurheartj/​ehx393.CrossRefPubMed
33.
34.
go back to reference Antman EM, Hand M, Armstrong PW, et al. 2007 focused update of the ACC/AHA 2004 guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:210–47.CrossRefPubMed Antman EM, Hand M, Armstrong PW, et al. 2007 focused update of the ACC/AHA 2004 guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:210–47.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Cai Q, Mehta N, Sgarbossa EB, Pinski SL, Wagner GS, Califf RM, et al. The left bundle-branch block puzzle in the 2013 ST-elevation myocardial infarction guideline: from falsely declaring emergency to denying reperfusion in a high-risk population. Are the Sgarbossa criteria ready for prime time? Am Heart J. 2013;166:409–13.CrossRefPubMed Cai Q, Mehta N, Sgarbossa EB, Pinski SL, Wagner GS, Califf RM, et al. The left bundle-branch block puzzle in the 2013 ST-elevation myocardial infarction guideline: from falsely declaring emergency to denying reperfusion in a high-risk population. Are the Sgarbossa criteria ready for prime time? Am Heart J. 2013;166:409–13.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Sgarbossa EB, Pinski SL, Barbagelata A, Underwood DA, Gates KB, Topol EJ, et al. Electrocardiographic diagnosis of evolving acute myocardial infarction in the presence of left bundle branch block. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:481–7.CrossRefPubMed Sgarbossa EB, Pinski SL, Barbagelata A, Underwood DA, Gates KB, Topol EJ, et al. Electrocardiographic diagnosis of evolving acute myocardial infarction in the presence of left bundle branch block. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:481–7.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Barold SS, Herweg B. Electrocardiographic diagnosis of myocardial infarction during left bundle branch block. Cardiol Clin. 2006;24:377–85.CrossRefPubMed Barold SS, Herweg B. Electrocardiographic diagnosis of myocardial infarction during left bundle branch block. Cardiol Clin. 2006;24:377–85.CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Rosenbaum FF, Erlanger H, Cotrim N, Johnston FD, Wilson FN. The effects of anterior infarction complicated by bundle branch block upon the form of the QRS complex of the canine electrocardiogram. Am Heart J. 1944;27:783–802.CrossRef Rosenbaum FF, Erlanger H, Cotrim N, Johnston FD, Wilson FN. The effects of anterior infarction complicated by bundle branch block upon the form of the QRS complex of the canine electrocardiogram. Am Heart J. 1944;27:783–802.CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Dressler W, Roesler H, Schwager A. The electrocardiographic signs of myocardial infarction in the presence of bundle branch block I myocardial infarction with left bundle branch block. Am Heart J. 1950;39:217.CrossRefPubMed Dressler W, Roesler H, Schwager A. The electrocardiographic signs of myocardial infarction in the presence of bundle branch block I myocardial infarction with left bundle branch block. Am Heart J. 1950;39:217.CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Cabrera E, Friedland C. La onda de activacion ventricular en el bloqueo de rama izquierda con infarto: un nuevo signo electrocardiografico. Arch Inst Cardiol Mex. 1953;23:441–60.PubMed Cabrera E, Friedland C. La onda de activacion ventricular en el bloqueo de rama izquierda con infarto: un nuevo signo electrocardiografico. Arch Inst Cardiol Mex. 1953;23:441–60.PubMed
41.
go back to reference Chapman MG, Pearce ML. Electrocardiographic diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the presence of left bundle-branch block. Circulation. 1957;16:558–71.CrossRefPubMed Chapman MG, Pearce ML. Electrocardiographic diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the presence of left bundle-branch block. Circulation. 1957;16:558–71.CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Deveci B, Ozeke O, Ozlu MF, Gurel OM, Selcuk MT, Topaloglu S, et al. Comparison of the electrocardiographic features of complete left bundle branch block in patients with ischemic and nonischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2007;7(1):26–32.PubMedPubMedCentral Deveci B, Ozeke O, Ozlu MF, Gurel OM, Selcuk MT, Topaloglu S, et al. Comparison of the electrocardiographic features of complete left bundle branch block in patients with ischemic and nonischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2007;7(1):26–32.PubMedPubMedCentral
43.
go back to reference Wiggers C. The muscular reactions of the mammalian ventricles to artificial surface stimuli. Am J Phys. 1925;73:346–78. Wiggers C. The muscular reactions of the mammalian ventricles to artificial surface stimuli. Am J Phys. 1925;73:346–78.
44.
go back to reference Grines CL, Bashore TM, Boudoulas H, Olson S, Shafer P, Wooley CF. Functional abnormalities in isolated left bundle branch block. The effect of interventricular asynchrony. Circulation. 1989;79:845–53.CrossRefPubMed Grines CL, Bashore TM, Boudoulas H, Olson S, Shafer P, Wooley CF. Functional abnormalities in isolated left bundle branch block. The effect of interventricular asynchrony. Circulation. 1989;79:845–53.CrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Nelson GS, Berger RD, Fetics BJ, Talbot M, Spinelli JC, Hare JM, et al. Left ventricular or biventricular pacing improves cardiac function at diminished energy cost in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle-branch block. Circulation. 2000;102:3053–9.CrossRefPubMed Nelson GS, Berger RD, Fetics BJ, Talbot M, Spinelli JC, Hare JM, et al. Left ventricular or biventricular pacing improves cardiac function at diminished energy cost in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle-branch block. Circulation. 2000;102:3053–9.CrossRefPubMed
46.
go back to reference Sipahi I, Chou JC, Hyden M, Rowland DY, Simon DI, Fang JC. Effect of QRS morphology on clinical event reduction with cardiac resynchronization therapy: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am Heart J. 2012;163:260–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Sipahi I, Chou JC, Hyden M, Rowland DY, Simon DI, Fang JC. Effect of QRS morphology on clinical event reduction with cardiac resynchronization therapy: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am Heart J. 2012;163:260–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
47.
go back to reference Cleland JG, Abraham WT, Linde C, Gold MR, Young JB, Claude Daubert J, et al. An individual patient meta-analysis of five randomized trials assessing the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on morbidity and mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:3547–56.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Cleland JG, Abraham WT, Linde C, Gold MR, Young JB, Claude Daubert J, et al. An individual patient meta-analysis of five randomized trials assessing the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on morbidity and mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:3547–56.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
48.
go back to reference Moss AJ, Hall WJ, Cannom DS, Klein H, Brown MW, Daubert JP, et al. For the MADIT-CRT trial investigators. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for the prevention of heart failure events. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1329–38.CrossRefPubMed Moss AJ, Hall WJ, Cannom DS, Klein H, Brown MW, Daubert JP, et al. For the MADIT-CRT trial investigators. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for the prevention of heart failure events. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1329–38.CrossRefPubMed
49.
go back to reference Zareba W, Klein H, Cygankiewicz I, Hall WJ, McNitt S, Brown M, et al. Effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy by QRS morphology in the multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial-cardiac resynchronization therapy (MADIT-CRT). Circulation. 2011;123:1061–72.CrossRefPubMed Zareba W, Klein H, Cygankiewicz I, Hall WJ, McNitt S, Brown M, et al. Effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy by QRS morphology in the multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial-cardiac resynchronization therapy (MADIT-CRT). Circulation. 2011;123:1061–72.CrossRefPubMed
50.
go back to reference Goldenberg I, Kutyifa V, Klein HU, Cannom DS, Brown MW, Dan A, et al. Survival with cardiac-resynchronization therapy in mild heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1694–701.CrossRefPubMed Goldenberg I, Kutyifa V, Klein HU, Cannom DS, Brown MW, Dan A, et al. Survival with cardiac-resynchronization therapy in mild heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1694–701.CrossRefPubMed
51.
go back to reference Gregoratos G, Abrams J, Epstein AE, et al., ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 guideline update for implantation of cardiac pacemakers and antiarrhythmia devices: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines (ACC/AHA/NASPE Committee on Pacemaker Implantation). 2002. Gregoratos G, Abrams J, Epstein AE, et al., ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 guideline update for implantation of cardiac pacemakers and antiarrhythmia devices: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines (ACC/AHA/NASPE Committee on Pacemaker Implantation). 2002.
52.
go back to reference Swedberg K, Cleland J, Dargie H, Drexler H, Follath F, Komajda M, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure: executive summary (update 2005): the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:1115–40.CrossRefPubMed Swedberg K, Cleland J, Dargie H, Drexler H, Follath F, Komajda M, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure: executive summary (update 2005): the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:1115–40.CrossRefPubMed
54.
go back to reference Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NA 3rd, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, et al. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:e1–62.CrossRefPubMed Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NA 3rd, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, et al. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:e1–62.CrossRefPubMed
55.
go back to reference Tracy CM, Epstein AE, Darbar D, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update of the 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:1297–313.CrossRefPubMed Tracy CM, Epstein AE, Darbar D, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update of the 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:1297–313.CrossRefPubMed
56.
go back to reference Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey de Jr, Drazner MH, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:e147–239.CrossRefPubMed Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey de Jr, Drazner MH, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:e147–239.CrossRefPubMed
57.
go back to reference Dickstein K, Vardas PE, Auricchio A, Daubert JC, Linde C, McMurray J, et al. 2010 focused update of ESC guidelines on device therapy in heart failure: an update of the 2008 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure and the 2007 ESC guidelines for cardiac and resynchronization therapy. Developed with the special contribution of the heart failure association and the European heart rhythm association. Europace. 2010;12:1526–36.CrossRefPubMed Dickstein K, Vardas PE, Auricchio A, Daubert JC, Linde C, McMurray J, et al. 2010 focused update of ESC guidelines on device therapy in heart failure: an update of the 2008 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure and the 2007 ESC guidelines for cardiac and resynchronization therapy. Developed with the special contribution of the heart failure association and the European heart rhythm association. Europace. 2010;12:1526–36.CrossRefPubMed
58.
go back to reference McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, Auricchio A, Böhm M, Dickstein K, et al. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail. 2012;14:803–69.CrossRefPubMed McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, Auricchio A, Böhm M, Dickstein K, et al. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail. 2012;14:803–69.CrossRefPubMed
59.
go back to reference Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America. Circulation. 2017;136(6):e137–61. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000509.CrossRefPubMed Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America. Circulation. 2017;136(6):e137–61. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1161/​CIR.​0000000000000509​.CrossRefPubMed
60.
go back to reference Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, Bueno H, Cleland JG, Coats AJ, et al. 2016 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18:891–975.CrossRefPubMed Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, Bueno H, Cleland JG, Coats AJ, et al. 2016 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18:891–975.CrossRefPubMed
62.
go back to reference Strauss DG, Selvester RH, Wagner GS. Defining left bundle branch block in the era of cardiac resynchronization therapy. Am J Cardiol. 2011;107:927–34.CrossRefPubMed Strauss DG, Selvester RH, Wagner GS. Defining left bundle branch block in the era of cardiac resynchronization therapy. Am J Cardiol. 2011;107:927–34.CrossRefPubMed
63.
go back to reference Almer J, Zusterzeel R, Strauss DG, Tragardh E, Maynard C, Wagner GS, et al. Prevalence of manual Strauss LBBB criteria in patients diagnosed with the automated Glasgow LBBB criteria. J Electrocardiol. 2015;48:558–64.CrossRefPubMed Almer J, Zusterzeel R, Strauss DG, Tragardh E, Maynard C, Wagner GS, et al. Prevalence of manual Strauss LBBB criteria in patients diagnosed with the automated Glasgow LBBB criteria. J Electrocardiol. 2015;48:558–64.CrossRefPubMed
64.
go back to reference Mascioli G, Padeletti L, Sassone B, et al. Electrocardiographic criteria of true left bundle branch block: a simple sign to predict a better clinical and instrumental response to CRT. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2012;35:927–34.CrossRefPubMed Mascioli G, Padeletti L, Sassone B, et al. Electrocardiographic criteria of true left bundle branch block: a simple sign to predict a better clinical and instrumental response to CRT. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2012;35:927–34.CrossRefPubMed
65.
go back to reference Bertaglia E, Migliore F, Baritussio A, de Simone A, Reggiani A, Pecora D, et al. Stricter criteria for left bundle branch block diagnosis do not improve response to CRT. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2017;40:850–6.CrossRefPubMed Bertaglia E, Migliore F, Baritussio A, de Simone A, Reggiani A, Pecora D, et al. Stricter criteria for left bundle branch block diagnosis do not improve response to CRT. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2017;40:850–6.CrossRefPubMed
66.
go back to reference Tian Y, Zhang P, Li X, Gao Y, Zhu T, Wang L, et al. True complete left bundle branch block morphology strongly predicts good response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Europace. 2013;15:1499–506.CrossRefPubMed Tian Y, Zhang P, Li X, Gao Y, Zhu T, Wang L, et al. True complete left bundle branch block morphology strongly predicts good response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Europace. 2013;15:1499–506.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Left bundle branch block and the evolving role of QRS morphology in selection of patients for cardiac resynchronization
Author
Kelley P. Anderson
Publication date
01-08-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology / Issue 3/2018
Print ISSN: 1383-875X
Electronic ISSN: 1572-8595
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10840-018-0426-z

Other articles of this Issue 3/2018

Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology 3/2018 Go to the issue