Laser treatment contributes to maintain membrane integrity in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (shed) under nutritional deficit

This study aimed to analyze the effects of laser irradiation on the membrane integrity and viability of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) that were kept in serum starvation. Nutritional deficit was used to mimic the cellular stress conditions of SHED isolation for regenerative dental approaches, where laser therapy could be beneficial. SHED were cultured under serum starvation (MEMα + 1%FBS) for 1 or 24 h pre-irradiation (protocols A and B, respectively). Then, cells received low-level laser therapy (LLLT; 660 nm) at 2.5 J/cm² (0.10 W; groups I and V), 5.0 J/cm² (0.20 W; groups II and VI), 7.5 J/cm² (0.30 W; groups III and VII), or remained non-irradiated (groups IV and VIII). During irradiation, cells were maintained in 1% FBS (groups I–IV) or 10% FBS (normal culture conditions; groups V–VIII). Membrane integrity was evaluated by quantifying lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release (immediately after irradiation), and cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay (24, 48, and 72 h post-irradiation). Serum starvation did not alter LDH release by non-irradiated SHED, while LDH release decreased significantly in groups irradiated in 1% FBS (I and III), but not in groups irradiated in 10% FBS (V–VII), regardless the pre-irradiation conditions (protocols A/B). Cell viability was significantly higher 24 h after irradiation, in most protocol A groups. In contrast, cell viability remained mostly unaltered in protocol B groups. LLLT contributed to maintain membrane integrity in SHED subjected to nutritional deficit before and during irradiation with 0.10 or 0.30 W. Short serum starvation before irradiation improved SHED viability at 24 h post-irradiation.