Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly in developed countries [ 1 ]. It is typically classified in two forms, dry characterized by drusen and retinal pigment epithelial abnormalities with …
Authors:
Kwang Min Woo, M. Abdallah Mahrous, Donald J. D’Amico, Szilard Kiss, Kyle D. Kovacs
Corneal dystrophies may develop gradually from early onset in childhood and persist for years to decades. Visual impairment or repeated ocular irritations caused by corneal dystrophies severely affect the quality of life. Although various surgical …
Currently, high myopia is a significant global eye health issue and the incidence is increasing [ 1 , 2 ]. It can cause some complications such as nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataract formation, vitreous degeneration, and posterior staphyloma …
Epiretinal membranes (ERMs) are transparent, avascular proliferations of myofibroblastic cells that develop on or above the retinal surface [ 1 ]. Their reported incidence is 13.9% in the general population, but this varies based on study …
Authors:
James E. Hazelwood, Kim Ah-See, Su Ling Young, Harry G. B. Bennett, Ashraf Khan, Colin R. Goudie
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is the leading cause of severe vision loss in older individuals [ 1 , 2 ]. Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents significantly improves the visual …
Authors:
Hikaru Ota, Keiko Kataoka, Keiko Asai, Jun Takeuchi, Yuyako Nakano, Koichi Nakamura, Takahito Todoroki, Koji M Nishiguchi
Ocular trauma is the most common cause of monocular blindness, with about 1.6 million people worldwide becoming blind due to ocular trauma [ 1 ]. Traumatic cataract is a significant cause of visual loss in ocular trauma. Luckily, the blindness and …
To evaluate lenticular biomechanical and geometric parameters in Chinese adults with myopia and identify relevant factors using Brillouin microscopy (BM) and Pentacam. The biomechanical and geometric properties of the ocular lenses of Chinese …
During the preparation of this work the authors used ChatGPT 4.0 in order to improve the manuscript's readability and language. After using this service, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the …
Authors:
Mohd Zulfaezal Che Azemin, Mohd Izzuddin Mohd Tamrin, Firdaus Yusof, Adzura Salam
The current consensus on the pathogenesis of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is venous overload from dysregulated blood flow and outflow obstruction due to scleral thickening [ 1 – 9 ]. Unlike the evidence consistently reported for venous …
Juvenile open angle glaucoma (JOAG) is a rare disorder diagnosed between the ages of 3 and 40 years [ 1 – 3 ]. It is believed to occur as a result of the immaturity of outflow pathways (angle dysgenesis) and is usually inherited as an autosomal …
Dry eye disease (DED), also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is a multifactorial, complex, and chronic ocular condition, requiring long-term treatment, which may be challenging to diagnose and treat in clinical practice [ 1 – 6 ]. The condition …
Authors:
Ines Lanzl, Christoph M E Deuter, Katrin Lorenz, Gerd Geerling, on behalf of the PERSPECTIVE German study group
Pachychoroid is a phenotype characterized by attenuation of the choriocapillaris overlying dilated choroidal veins, and associated with progressive retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and neovascularization [ 1 ]. Pachychoroid spectrum diseases …
Idiopathic full thickness macular holes (iFTMHs) cause important visual loss. Surgical treatment with pars plana vitrectomy has been first reported in 1991 [ 1 ] and since then, widespread use of vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane (ILM) …
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tears are complications of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). A lesion involving the macula can cause severe visual impairment. Two mechanisms have been postulated for the development of RPE …
Leukemia remains a life-threatening disease despite advanced diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. According to a previous study, it accounted for approximately 3.4% of all new cancer cases and 3.8% of all cancer deaths in 2020 [ 1 ]. Leukemia can …
Authors:
Ji Hye Lee, Jae Jung Kim, Seo Yeon Hong, Gee-Hyun Kim, Joo-Young Kim, Rae-Young Kim, Mirinae Kim, Young-Geun Park, Yoo-Jin Kim, Byung-Sik Cho, Seok Lee, Hee-Je Kim, Young-Hoon Park
Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of optic nerve diseases and leads to characteristic morphological changes of the optic nerve (increasing optic disc excavation), loss of retinal ganglion cells, and thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer [ 1 – 3 …]. The specific visual field changes are also the main features of this chronic progressive optic neuropathy. If left untreated, glaucoma leads to severe visual acuity loss even to permanent blindness [
Authors:
Vadim Makhmutov, Werner Adler, Philomena A. Wawer Matos, Adam Kopecky, Jan Nemcansky, Alexander C. Rokohl, Ludwig M. Heindl