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Current Diabetes Reports

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01-08-2019 | Insulins | Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance (M-E Patti, Section Editor)

Epigenetics and Type 2 Diabetes Risk

Authors: Sangeeta Dhawan, Rama Natarajan

Published in: Current Diabetes Reports | Issue 8/2019

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The influence of environmental factors on type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk is now well recognized and highlights the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms. This review will focus on the role of epigenetic factors in the risk and pathogenesis of T2D.

Recent Findings

Epigenetic dysregulation has emerged as a key mechanism underpinning the pathogenesis of T2D and its complications. Environmental variations, including alterations in lifestyle, nutrition, and metabolic demands during prenatal and postnatal life can induce epigenetic changes that may impact glucose homeostasis and the function of different metabolic organs. Accumulating data continues to uncover the specific pathways that are epigenetically dysregulated in T2D, providing an opportunity for therapeutic targeting.

Summary

Environmental changes can disrupt specific epigenetic mechanisms underlying metabolic homeostasis, thus contributing to T2D pathogenesis. Such epigenetic changes can be transmitted to the next generation, contributing to the inheritance of T2D risk. Recent advances in epigenome-wide association studies and epigenetic editing tools present the attractive possibility of identifying epimutations associated with T2D, correcting specific epigenetic alterations, and designing novel epigenetic biomarkers and interventions for T2D.

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Title: Epigenetics and Type 2 Diabetes Risk
Authors: Sangeeta Dhawan
Rama Natarajan
Publication date: 01-08-2019
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Insulins
Insulins
Epigenetics
Type 2 Diabetes
Biomarkers
Published in: Current Diabetes Reports / Issue 8/2019
Print ISSN: 1534-4827
Electronic ISSN: 1539-0829
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-019-1168-8

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