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Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology

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Open Access 01-06-2020 | Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

The Role of Mast Cells in IgE-Independent Lung Diseases

Authors: Daniel Elieh Ali Komi, Esmaeil Mortaz, Saeede Amani, Angelica Tiotiu, Gert Folkerts, Ian M Adcock

Published in: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology | Issue 3/2020

Abstract

Mast cells (MCs) are granular cells of the innate immune system which develop from CD34⁺/CD117⁺ progenitors and play a role in orchestrating adaptive immune responses. They have a well-known role in allergic reactions following immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated activation of the cell-surface expressed IgE high-affinity receptor (FcεRI). MCs can also respond to various other stimuli due to the expression of a variety of receptors including toll-like receptors (TLRs), immunoglobulin (IgG) receptors (FcγR), complement receptors such as C5a (CD88) expressed by skin MCs, neuropeptides receptors including nerve growth factor receptor, (NGFR), cytokines receptors such as (IL)-1R and IL-3R, and chemokines receptors including CCR-1 and CCR-3. MCs release three groups of mediators upon degranulation differentiated according to their chemical composition, storage, and time to release. These include preformed mediators (mainly histamine, tryptase, and chymase), de novo synthesized mediators such as prostaglandin (PG)D2, leukotriene (LT)B4 and LTD4, and cytokines including IL-1β, IL-3, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β. Emerging evidence indicates a role for IgE-independent MC activation in the late-stage asthmatic response as well as in non-allergic airway diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and lung cancer. MC infiltration/activation has been reported in some, but not all, studies of lung cancer. MC-derived TNF-α possesses tumor-suppressive activity while IL-1β supports tumor progression and metastasis. In IPF lungs, an increase in density of tryptase- and chymase-positive MCs (MCTC) and overexpression of TGF-β support the fibrosis progression. MC-derived chymase activates latent TGF-β that induces the differentiation of fibroblasts to matrix-producing myofibroblasts. In summary, increasing evidence highlights a critical role of MCs in non-allergic diseases that may indicate new approaches for therapy.

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Title: The Role of Mast Cells in IgE-Independent Lung Diseases
Authors: Daniel Elieh Ali Komi
Esmaeil Mortaz
Saeede Amani
Angelica Tiotiu
Gert Folkerts
Ian M Adcock
Publication date: 01-06-2020
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Lung Cancer
Lung Cancer
Cytokines
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Lung Cancer
Published in: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology / Issue 3/2020
Print ISSN: 1080-0549
Electronic ISSN: 1559-0267
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-020-08779-5

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