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BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Hypertension | Research

Gender differences in the association between healthy eating index-2015 and hypertension in the US population: evidence from NHANES 1999–2018

Authors: Jiayi Weng, Yukang Mao, Qiyang Xie, Kangyun Sun, Xiangqing Kong

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2024

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Abstract

Background

Diet has long been recognized as an important modifiable risk factor for hypertension. Herein, our research goal was to decipher the association of healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) with hypertension, and to explore potential gender differences.

Methods

We collected the cross-sectional data of 42,391 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018. The association of HEI-2015 with hypertension was estimated using weighted multivariate logistic regression, with restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression being adopted to examine the nonlinearity of this association in both genders, and the stability of the results were examined by sensitivity analysis. We also performed subgroup analysis to detect potential difference in the link between HEI-2015 and hypertension stratified by several confounding factors.

Results

After eliminating potential confounding bias, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hypertension across higher HEI-2015 quartiles were 0.93 (0.85–1.03), 0.84 (0.77–0.93), and 0.78 (0.72–0.86) compared to the lowest quartile, respectively. HEI-2015 was nonlinearly and inversely associated with hypertension in all participants. The gender-specific RCS curves presented a U-shaped correlation in males, while showed a linear and inverse correlation in females. Besides, subgroup analyses showed a lower risk of hypertension in participants who were females, younger than 40 years, Whites, obese, and diabetic patients.

Conclusions

We determined a nonlinear and inverse association between HEI-2015 and hypertension in the US general population, and revealed a remarkable gender difference when adhering to a HEI-2015 diet for preventing hypertension.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Gender differences in the association between healthy eating index-2015 and hypertension in the US population: evidence from NHANES 1999–2018
Authors
Jiayi Weng
Yukang Mao
Qiyang Xie
Kangyun Sun
Xiangqing Kong
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17625-0

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