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Open Access 01-12-2024 | Human Immunodeficiency Virus | Research

Follow-up for 3 years of a pediatric population diagnosed in 2018 with mother-to-child transmission of HIV in 8 Latin American countries in the PLANTAIDS cohort

Authors: Beatriz Álvarez Vallejo, Alicia Hernanz Lobo, Itzíar Carrasco García, Tomás Bruno Pérez, Greta Mino-Leon, Judith Rosabel Soffe Pazmiño, Julio Werner Juarez Lorenzana, Tatiana Drummond, Noris Marlene del Socorro Pavía Ruz, María del Rocío Muñoz Hernández, Dulce María Morales Pérez, Dora Estripeaut, Kathia Luciani, Karen Sobeida Erazo Martínez, Luis Guillermo Castaneda Villatoro, Oscar Porras Madrigal, Gabriela Ivankovich-Escoto, Luis Manuel Prieto Tato, María Luisa Navarro Gómez, on behalf of the PLANTAIDS network

Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases | Issue 1/2024

Abstract

Introduction

The frequency of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Latin America has decreased considerably. However, new infections continue to be recorded, and the pediatric population remains one of the most vulnerable groups in this region. The main objective of the study was to describe the clinical, epidemiological and psychosocial characteristics of new diagnoses of HIV MTCT in 2018 in the PLANTAIDS network (Paediatric Network for Prevention, Early Detection and Treatment of HIV in Children) during the 3 years following diagnosis.

Methodology

Retrospective, multicenter, descriptive study based on a 3-year follow-up of patients diagnosed with HIV infection due to MTCT in 2018 in 10 hospitals in 8 Latin American countries (Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Honduras, El Salvador, Panama, Guatemala and Venezuela). The hospitals belonged to the PLANTAIDS network, which is included in CYTED (Ibero-American Programme of Science and Technology for Development).

Results

The study population comprised 72 pediatric patients (38.9% male). The median age at diagnosis was 2.4 years (IQR: 0.8–5.4). There were 35 cases of opportunistic infections corresponding to 25 patients (34.7%), with tuberculosis being the most common. Adequate childhood vaccination coverage was achieved in 80.5%. There were 3 cases of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, and these were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classification, the most frequent clinical-immunological stage at all check-ups was C1. Three patients died from opportunistic infections and/or advanced HIV infection.

Conclusions

It is important to diagnose HIV infection early in pediatrics, since early initiation of ART is associated with a decrease in mortality. Despite this, HIV infection has a poor prognosis in children, necessitating adequate follow-up to ensure adherence to health care and ART, although it can sometimes prove difficult in children.

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Title: Follow-up for 3 years of a pediatric population diagnosed in 2018 with mother-to-child transmission of HIV in 8 Latin American countries in the PLANTAIDS cohort
Authors: Beatriz Álvarez Vallejo
Alicia Hernanz Lobo
Itzíar Carrasco García
Tomás Bruno Pérez
Greta Mino-Leon
Judith Rosabel Soffe Pazmiño
Julio Werner Juarez Lorenzana
Tatiana Drummond
Noris Marlene del Socorro Pavía Ruz
María del Rocío Muñoz Hernández
Dulce María Morales Pérez
Dora Estripeaut
Kathia Luciani
Karen Sobeida Erazo Martínez
Luis Guillermo Castaneda Villatoro
Oscar Porras Madrigal
Gabriela Ivankovich-Escoto
Luis Manuel Prieto Tato
María Luisa Navarro Gómez
on behalf of the PLANTAIDS network
Publication date: 01-12-2024
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Opportunistic Infection
SARS-CoV-2
Vaccination
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2334
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09091-9

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