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Current HIV/AIDS Reports

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27-02-2024 | Human Immunodeficiency Virus | Review

HIV-1 Myeloid Reservoirs — Contributors to Viral Persistence and Pathogenesis

Authors: Edna A. Ferreira, Janice E. Clements, Rebecca T. Veenhuis

Published in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports | Issue 2/2024

Abstract

Purpose of Review

HIV reservoirs are the main barrier to cure. CD4+ T cells have been extensively studied as the primary HIV-1 reservoir. However, there is substantial evidence that HIV-1-infected myeloid cells (monocytes/macrophages) also contribute to viral persistence and pathogenesis.

Recent Findings

Recent studies in animal models and people with HIV-1 demonstrate that myeloid cells are cellular reservoirs of HIV-1. HIV-1 genomes and viral RNA have been reported in circulating monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages from the brain, urethra, gut, liver, and spleen. Importantly, viral outgrowth assays have quantified persistent infectious virus from monocyte-derived macrophages and tissue-resident macrophages.

Summary

The myeloid cell compartment represents an important target of HIV-1 infection. While myeloid reservoirs may be more difficult to measure than CD4+ T cell reservoirs, they are long-lived, contribute to viral persistence, and, unless specifically targeted, will prevent an HIV-1 cure.

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Title: HIV-1 Myeloid Reservoirs — Contributors to Viral Persistence and Pathogenesis
Authors: Edna A. Ferreira
Janice E. Clements
Rebecca T. Veenhuis
Publication date: 27-02-2024
Publisher: Springer US
Keyword: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Published in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports / Issue 2/2024
Print ISSN: 1548-3568
Electronic ISSN: 1548-3576
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-024-00692-2

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