Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Virology Journal
Published in: Virology Journal 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Review

Host cytoskeleton in respiratory syncytial virus assembly and budding

Authors: Shadi Shahriari, James Gordon, Reena Ghildyal

Published in: Virology Journal | Issue 1/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the major pathogens responsible for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in young children, the elderly, and the immunosuppressed. Currently, there are no antiviral drugs or vaccines available that effectively target RSV infections, proving a significant challenge in regards to prevention and treatment. An in-depth understanding of the host-virus interactions that underlie assembly and budding would inform new targets for antiviral development.
Current research suggests that the polymerised form of actin, the filamentous or F-actin, plays a role in RSV assembly and budding. Treatment with cytochalasin D, which disrupts F-actin, has been shown to inhibit virus release. In addition, the actin cytoskeleton has been shown to interact with the RSV matrix (M) protein, which plays a central role in RSV assembly. For this reason, the interaction between these two components is hypothesised to facilitate the movement of viral components in the cytoplasm and to the budding site. Despite increases in our knowledge of RSV assembly and budding, M-actin interactions are not well understood. In this review, we discuss the current literature on the role of actin cytoskeleton during assembly and budding of RSV with the aim to integrate disparate studies to build a hypothetical model of the various molecular interactions between actin and RSV M protein that facilitate RSV assembly and budding.
Literature
1.
Malloy AM, Falsey AR, Ruckwardt TJ. Consequences of immature and senescent immune responses for infection with respiratory syncytial virus. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2013;372:211–31.PubMed
2.
Turner T, Kopp B, Paul G, Hayes Jr D, Thompson R, Landgrave L. Respiratory syncytial virus: current and emerging treatment options. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2014;6:217.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
3.
Collins PL, Graham BS. Viral and host factors in human respiratory syncytial virus pathogenesis. J Virol. 2008;82:2040–55.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Afonso CL, Amarasinghe GK, Banyai K, Bao Y, Basler CF, Bavari S, Bejerman N, Blasdell KR, Briand FX, Briese T, et al. Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2016. Arch Virol. 2016;161:2351–60.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Collins PL, Crowe JEJ: Respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus. 2007:1601–1646.
6.
Fontana JM, Bankamp B, Rota PA. Inhibition of interferon induction and signaling by paramyxoviruses. Immunol Rev. 2008;225:46–67.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Wu W, Tran KC, Teng MN, Heesom KJ, Matthews DA, Barr JN, Hiscox JA. The interactome of the human respiratory syncytial virus NS1 protein highlights multiple effects on host cell biology. J Virol. 2012;86:7777–89.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Boyapalle S, Wong T, Garay J, Teng M, San Juan-Vergara H, Mohapatra S, Mohapatra S. Respiratory syncytial virus NS1 protein colocalizes with mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein MAVS following infection. PLoS One. 2012;7:e29386.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
9.
Teng MN, Whitehead SS, Bermingham A, St Claire M, Elkins WR, Murphy BR, Collins PL. Recombinant respiratory syncytial virus that does not express the NS1 or M2-2 protein is highly attenuated and immunogenic in chimpanzees. J Virol. 2000;74:9317–21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
Ling Z, Tran KC, Teng MN. Human respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural protein NS2 antagonizes the activation of beta interferon transcription by interacting with RIG-I. J Virol. 2009;83:3734–42.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Whitehead SS, Bukreyev A, Teng MN, Firestone CY, St Claire M, Elkins WR, Collins PL, Murphy BR. Recombinant respiratory syncytial virus bearing a deletion of either the NS2 or SH gene is attenuated in chimpanzees. J Virol. 1999;73:3438–42.PubMedPubMedCentral
12.
Teng MN, Collins PL. Altered growth characteristics of recombinant respiratory syncytial viruses which do not produce NS2 protein. J Virol. 1999;73:466–73.PubMedPubMedCentral
13.
El Najjar F, Schmitt AP, Dutch RE. Paramyxovirus glycoprotein incorporation, assembly and budding: A three way dance for infectious particle production. Viruses. 2014;6:3019–54.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Anomasiri WT, Tovell DR, Tyrrell DL. Paramyxovirus membrane protein enhances antibody production to new antigenic determinants in the actin molecule: a model for virus-induced autoimmunity. J Virol. 1990;64:3179–84.PubMedPubMedCentral
15.
Burke E, Mahoney NM, Almo SC, Barik S. Profilin is required for optimal actin-dependent transcription of respiratory syncytial virus genome RNA. J Virol. 2000;74:669–75.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
16.
Moyer SA, Baker SC, Lessard JL. Tubulin: a factor necessary for the synthesis of both Sendai virus and vesicular stomatitis virus RNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986;83:5405–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
18.
Bakker SE, Duquerroy S, Galloux M, Loney C, Conner E, Eleouet JF, Rey FA, Bhella D. The respiratory syncytial virus nucleoprotein-RNA complex forms a left-handed helical nucleocapsid. J Gen Virol. 2013;94:1734–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
19.
Teng MN, Whitehead SS, Collins PL. Contribution of the respiratory syncytial virus G glycoprotein and its secreted and membrane-bound forms to virus replication in vitro and in vivo. Virology. 2001;289:283–96.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Hallak LK, Kwilas SA, Peeples ME. Interaction between respiratory syncytial virus and glycosaminoglycans, including heparan sulfate. Methods Mol Biol (Clifton, NJ). 2007;379:15–34.CrossRef
21.
Hallak LK, Spillmann D, Collins PL, Peeples ME. Glycosaminoglycan sulfation requirements for respiratory syncytial virus infection. J Virol. 2000;74:10508–13.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Tayyari F, Marchant D, Moraes TJ, Duan W, Mastrangelo P, Hegele RG. Identification of nucleolin as a cellular receptor for human respiratory syncytial virus. Nat Med. 2011;17:1132–5.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Hovanessian AG, Puvion-Dutilleul F, Nisole S, Svab J, Perret E, Deng JS, Krust B. The cell-surface-expressed nucleolin is associated with the actin cytoskeleton. Exp Cell Res. 2000;261:312–28.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Gutiérrez-Ortega A, Sánchez-Hernández C, Gómez-García B. Respiratory syncytial virus glycoproteins uptake occurs through clathrin-mediated endocytosis in a human epithelial cell line. Virol J. 2008;5:127.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
Kolokoltsov AA, Deniger D, Fleming EH, Roberts NJ, Karpilow JM, Davey RA. Small interfering RNA profiling reveals key role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis and early endosome formation for infection by respiratory syncytial virus. J Virol. 2007;81:7786–800.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
Garcia J, Garcia-Barreno B, Vivo A, Melero JA. Cytoplasmic inclusions of respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells: formation of inclusion bodies in transfected cells that coexpress the nucleoprotein, the phosphoprotein, and the 22 K protein. Virology. 1993;195:243–7.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Lifland AW, Jung J, Alonas E, Zurla C, Crowe JE, Santangelo PJ. Human respiratory syncytial virus nucleoprotein and inclusion bodies antagonize the innate immune response mediated by MDA5 and MAVS. J Virol. 2012;86:8245–58.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Collins PL, Dickens LE, Buckler-White A, Olmsted RA, Spriggs MK, Camargo E, Coelingh KV. Nucleotide sequences for the gene junctions of human respiratory syncytial virus reveal distinctive features of intergenic structure and gene order. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986;83:4594–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Kuo L, Fearns R, Collins PL. Analysis of the gene start and gene end signals of human respiratory syncytial virus: quasi-templated initiation at position 1 of the encoded mRNA. J Virol. 1997;71:4944–53.PubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Fearns R, Collins PL. Model for polymerase access to the overlapped L gene of respiratory syncytial virus. J Virol. 1999;73:388–97.PubMedPubMedCentral
31.
Bermingham A, Collins PL. The M2-2 protein of human respiratory syncytial virus is a regulatory factor involved in the balance between RNA replication and transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96:11259–64.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Bitko V, Oldenburg A, Garmon NE, Barik S. Profilin is required for viral morphogenesis, syncytium formation, and cell-specific stress fiber induction by respiratory syncytial virus. 2003.
33.
Burke E, Dupuy L, Wall C, Barik S. Role of cellular actin in the gene expression and morphogenesis of human respiratory syncytial virus. Virology. 1998;252:137–48.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Ulloa L, Serra R, Asenjo A, Villanueva N. Interactions between cellular actin and human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV). Virus Res. 1998;53:13–25.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Roberts SR, Compans RW, Wertz GW. Respiratory syncytial virus matures at the apical surfaces of polarized epithelial cells. J Virol. 1995;69:2667–73.PubMedPubMedCentral
36.
Zhang L, Peeples ME, Boucher RC, Collins PL, Pickles RJ. Respiratory syncytial virus infection of human airway epithelial cells is polarized, specific to ciliated cells, and without obvious cytopathology. J Virol. 2002;76:5654–66.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
37.
Marty A, Meanger J, Mills J, Shields B, Ghildyal R. Association of matrix protein of respiratory syncytial virus with the host cell membrane of infected cells. Arch Virol. 2004;149:199–210.CrossRefPubMed
38.
39.
Utley TJ, Ducharme N, Varthakavi V, Shepherd BE, Santangelo PJ, Lindquist ME, Goldenring JR, Crowe JE. Respiratory syncytial virus uses a Vps4-independent budding mechanism controlled by Rab11-FIP2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105:10209–14.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
40.
Shaikh FY, Utley TJ, Craven RE, Rogers MC, Lapierre LA, Goldenring JR, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus assembles into structured filamentous virion particles independently of host cytoskeleton and related proteins. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(7):e40826.
41.
42.
Luby-Phelps K. Cytoarchitecture and physical properties of cytoplasm: volume, viscosity, diffusion, intracellular surface area. Int Rev Cytol. 2000;192:189–221.CrossRefPubMed
43.
44.
Cooper GM, Hausman RE. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 2009.
45.
Wear MA, Schafer DA, Cooper JA. Actin dynamics: Assembly and disassembly of actin networks. Curr Biol. 2000;10:891–5.CrossRef
46.
Döhner K, Sodeik B. The role of the cytoskeleton during viral infection. In membrane trafficking in viral replication. Edited by Marsh M. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2005:67–108.
47.
Cramer LP. Organization and polarity of actin filament networks in cells: implications for the mechanism of myosin-based cell motility. Biochem Soc Symp. 1999;65:173–205.PubMed
48.
Carlier M-F, Wiesner S, Le Clainche C, Pantaloni D. Actin-based motility as a self-organized system: mechanism and reconstitution in vitro. C R Biol. 2003;326:161–70.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Marsh M, Bron R. SFV infection in CHO cells: cell-type specific restrictions to productive virus entry at the cell surface. J Cell Sci. 1997;11(Pt 1):95–103.
50.
Digard P, Elton D, Bishop K, Medcalf E, Weeds A, Pope B. Modulation of nuclear localization of the influenza virus nucleoprotein through interaction with actin filaments. J Virol. 1999;73:2222–31.PubMedPubMedCentral
51.
Goldstein LSB, Yang Z. Microtubule-based transport systems in neurons: the roles of kinesins and dyneins. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2000;23:39–71.CrossRefPubMed
52.
Döhner K, Nagel C-H, Sodeik B, Luby-Phelps K, Sodeik B, Ploubidou A, Way M, Smith GA, Enquist LW, Döhner K, et al. Viral stop-and-go along microtubules: taking a ride with dynein and kinesins. Trends Microbiol. 2005;13:320–7.CrossRefPubMed
53.
54.
Chen PH, Ornelles DA, Shenk T. The adenovirus L3 23-kilodalton proteinase cleaves the amino-terminal head domain from cytokeratin 18 and disrupts the cytokeratin network of HeLa cells. J Virol. 1993;67:3507–14.PubMedPubMedCentral
55.
Ferreira LR, Moussatché N, Moura Neto V. Rearrangement of intermediate filament network of BHK-21 cells infected with vaccinia virus. Arch Virol. 1994;138:273–85.CrossRefPubMed
56.
Smith GL, Vanderplasschen A, Law M. The formation and function of extracellular enveloped vaccinia virus. J Gen Virol. 2002;83:2915–31.CrossRefPubMed
57.
Sanderson CM, Hollinshead M, Smith GL. The vaccinia virus A27L protein is needed for the microtubule-dependent transport of intracellular mature virus particles. J Gen Virol. 2000;81:47–58.CrossRefPubMed
58.
Geada MM, Galindo I, Lorenzo MM, Perdiguero B, Blasco R. Movements of vaccinia virus intracellular enveloped virions with GFP tagged to the F13L envelope protein. J Gen Virol. 2001;82:2747–60.CrossRefPubMed
59.
Cudmore S, Cossart P, Griffiths G, Way M. Actin-based motility of vaccinia virus. Nature. 1995;378:636–8.CrossRefPubMed
60.
61.
62.
Miyoshi J, Takai Y. Nectin and nectin-like molecules: biology and pathology. Am J Nephrol. 2007;27:590–604.CrossRefPubMed
63.
De Regge N, Nauwynck HJ, Geenen K, Krummenacher C, Cohen GH, Eisenberg RJ, Mettenleiter TC, Favoreel HW. α-Herpesvirus glycoprotein D interaction with sensory neurons triggers formation of varicosities that serve as virus exit sites. J Cell Biol. 2006;174:267–75.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
64.
Dohner K, Wolfstein A, Prank U, Echeverri C, Dujardin D, Vallee R, Sodeik B. Function of dynein and dynactin in herpes simplex virus capsid transport. Mol Biol Cell. 2002;13:2795–809.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
65.
Feierbach B, Piccinotti S, Bisher M, Denk W, Enquist LW. Alpha-herpesvirus infection induces the formation of nuclear actin filaments. PLoS Pathog. 2006;2:e85.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
66.
Forest T, Barnard S, Baines JD. Active intranuclear movement of herpesvirus capsids. Nat Cell Biol. 2005;7:429–31.CrossRefPubMed
67.
Bjerke SL, Roller RJ. Roles for herpes simplex virus type 1 UL34 and US3 proteins in disrupting the nuclear lamina during herpes simplex virus type 1 egress. Virology. 2006;347:261–76.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
68.
Reynolds AE, Liang L, Baines JD. Conformational changes in the nuclear lamina induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 require genes U(L)31 and U(L)34. J Virol. 2004;78:5564–75.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
69.
Dietzel E, Kolesnikova L, Maisner A. Actin filaments disruption and stabilization affect measles virus maturation by different mechanisms. Virol J. 2013;10:249.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
70.
Miazza V, Mottet-Osman G, Startchick S, Chaponnier C, Roux L. Sendai virus induced cytoplasmic actin remodeling correlates with efficient virus particle production. Virology. 2011;410:7–16.CrossRefPubMed
71.
72.
73.
Sit S-T, Manser E, Albiges-Rizo C, Destaing O, Fourcade B, Planus E, Block MR, Alexandrova AY, Arnold K, Schaub S, et al. Rho GTPases and their role in organizing the actin cytoskeleton. J Cell Sci. 2011;124:679–83.CrossRefPubMed
74.
75.
76.
Mitra R, Baviskar P, Duncan-Decocq RR, Patel D, Oomens AGP. The human respiratory syncytial virus matrix protein is required for maturation of viral filaments. J Virol. 2012;86:4432–43.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
77.
78.
Harrison MS, Sakaguchi T, Schmitt AP. Paramyxovirus assembly and budding: Building particles that transmit infections. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2010;42:1416–29.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
79.
80.
Bächi T. Direct observation of the budding and fusion of an enveloped virus by video microscopy of viable cells. J Cell Biol. 1988;107:1689–95.CrossRefPubMed
81.
Kallewaard NL, Bowen AL, Crowe JE. Cooperativity of actin and microtubule elements during replication of respiratory syncytial virus. Virology. 2005;331:73–81.CrossRefPubMed
82.
Martínez I, Lombardía L, García-Barreno B, Domínguez O, Melero JA. Distinct gene subsets are induced at different time points after human respiratory syncytial virus infection of A549 cells. J Gen Virol. 2007;88:570–81.CrossRefPubMed
83.
Jeffree CE, Brown G, Aitken J, Su-Yin DY, Tan BH, Sugrue RJ. Ultrastructural analysis of the interaction between F-actin and respiratory syncytial virus during virus assembly. Virology. 2007;369:309–23.CrossRefPubMed
84.
Lillemeier BF, Pfeiffer JR, Surviladze Z, Wilson BS, Davis MM. Plasma membrane-associated proteins are clustered into islands attached to the cytoskeleton. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103:18992–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
85.
Henderson G, Murray J, Yeo RP. Sorting of the respiratory syncytial virus matrix protein into detergent-resistant structures is dependent on cell-surface expression of the glycoproteins. Virology. 2002;300:244–54.CrossRefPubMed
86.
Jumat MR, Nguyen Huong T, Wong P, Loo LH, Tan BH, Fenwick F, Toms GL, Sugrue RJ. Imaging analysis of human metapneumovirus-infected cells provides evidence for the involvement of F-actin and the raft-lipid microdomains in virus morphogenesis. Virol J. 2014;11:198.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
87.
Gower TL, Pastey MK, Peeples ME, Collins PL, McCurdy LH, Hart TK, Guth A, Johnson TR, Graham BS. RhoA signaling is required for respiratory syncytial virus-induced syncytium formation and filamentous virion morphology. J Virol. 2005;79:5326–36.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
88.
Gower TL, Peeples ME, Collins PL, Graham BS. RhoA is activated during respiratory syncytial virus infection. Virology. 2001;283:188–96.CrossRefPubMed
89.
Shaikh FY, Cox RG, Lifland AW, Hotard AL, Williams JV, Moore ML, Santangelo PJ, Crowe JE. A critical phenylalanine residue in the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein cytoplasmic tail mediates assembly of internal viral proteins into viral filaments and particles. MBio. 2012;3:1–10.CrossRef
90.
Baviskar PS, Hotard AL, Moore ML, Oomens AGP. The respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein targets to the perimeter of inclusion bodies and facilitates filament formation by a cytoplasmic tail -dependent mechanism. J Virol. 2013;87:10730–41.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
91.
Teng MN, Collins PL. Identification of the respiratory syncytial virus proteins required for formation and passage of helper-dependent infectious particles. J Virol. 1998;72:5707–16.PubMedPubMedCentral
92.
Ghildyal R, Mills J, Murray M, Vardaxis N, Meanger J. Respiratory syncytial virus matrix protein associates with nucleocapsids in infected cells. J Gen Virol. 2002;83:753–7.CrossRefPubMed
93.
Li D, Jans DA, Bardin PG, Meanger J, Mills J, Ghildyal R. Association of respiratory syncytial virus M protein with viral nucleocapsids is mediated by the M2-1 protein. J Virol. 2008;82:8863–70.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
94.
Oliveira AP, Simabuco FM, Tamura RE, Guerrero MC, Ribeiro PGG, Libermann TA, Zerbini LF, Ventura AM. Human respiratory syncytial virus N, P and M protein interactions in HEK-293 T cells. Virus Res. 2013;177:108–12.CrossRefPubMed
95.
Stallcup KC, Raine CS, Fields BN. Cytochalasin B inhibits the maturation of measles virus. Virology. 1983;124:59–74.CrossRefPubMed
96.
Harpen M, Barik T, Musiyenko A, Barik S. Mutational analysis reveals a noncontractile but interactive role of actin and profilin in viral RNA-dependent RNA synthesis. J Virol. 2009;83:10869–76.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
97.
Kipper S, Hamad S, Caly L, Avrahami D, Bacharach E, Jans Da, Gerber D, Bajorek M. New host factors important for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) replication revealed by a novel microfluidics screen for interactors of matrix (M) protein. Mol. Cell Proteomics. 2015;14:532–43.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
98.
Pastey MK, Gower TL, Spearman PW, Crowe JE, Graham BS. A RhoA-derived peptide inhibits syncytium formation induced by respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3. Nat Med. 2000;6:35–40.CrossRefPubMed
99.
Wurth MA, Schowalter RM, Smith EC, Moncman CL, Dutch RE, McCann RO. The actin cytoskeleton inhibits pore expansion during PIV5 fusion protein-promoted cell-cell fusion. Virology. 2010;404:117–26.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metadata
Title
Host cytoskeleton in respiratory syncytial virus assembly and budding
Authors
Shadi Shahriari
James Gordon
Reena Ghildyal
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Virology Journal / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1743-422X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-016-0618-z

Other articles of this Issue 1/2016

Virology Journal 1/2016 Go to the issue

Research

Time-space analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N2 outbreak in the US

Research

A single amino acid substitution alter antigenicity of Glycosylated protein 4 of HP-PRRSV

Research

Newcastle disease virus infection in chicken embryonic fibroblasts but not duck embryonic fibroblasts is associated with elevated host innate immune response

Research

Identification of a novel human papillomavirus by metagenomic analysis of vaginal swab samples from pregnant women

Research

Identification of mumps virus protein and lipid composition by mass spectrometry

Research

Generation of mAbs to foot–and–mouth disease virus serotype A and application in a competitive ELISA for serodiagnosis
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits