Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Oral Health
Published in: BMC Oral Health 1/2023

Open Access 01-12-2023 | Gout | Research

Association between periodontitis and uric acid levels in blood and oral fluids: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors: Lu-wen Ye, Li Zhao, Ze-song Mei, Ying-hong Zhou, Ting Yu

Published in: BMC Oral Health | Issue 1/2023

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Uric acid, a formerly-known antioxidant that has recently been linked to numerous inflammatory diseases as a pro-inflammatory and -oxidative mediator in pathological conditions. It is imperative to reassess the association between periodontitis and uric acid locally and systematically. The aim of this systematic review was to systemically evaluate the association between periodontitis and the uric acid (UA) levels in blood, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).

Methods

Relevant clinical studies up to January 28, 2023 were identified and retrieved from electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE and Web of Science, with periodontitis, uric acid, hyperuricemia and gout as the keywords. The weighted (WMD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated using fixed- or random-effect models. Methodological heterogeneity was assessed.

Results

Sixteen eligible observational studies and one RCT were enrolled, which included 1354 patients with periodontitis and 989 controls. Three sample types for UA detection were involved, including blood (n = 8), saliva (n = 9) and GCF (n = 1). Meta-analysis demonstrated an enhanced plasma UA concentration (WMD = 1.00 mg/dL, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.37, P < 0.001) but a decreased salivary UA level (SMD = -0.95, 95% CI -1.23 to -0.68, P < 0.001) in periodontitis versus control. Statistical heterogeneity among the plasma- and saliva-tested studies were moderate (I2 = 58.3%, P = 0.066) and low (I2 = 33.8%, P = 0.196), respectively.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of the enrolled studies, it seems that there is an association between periodontitis and increased blood UA and decreased salivary UA. (Registration no. CRD42020172535 in Prospero).
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Botelho J, Mascarenhas P, Viana J, Proença L, Orlandi M, Leira Y, et al. An umbrella review of the evidence linking oral health and systemic noncommunicable diseases. Nat Commun. 2022;13:7614.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
2.
Hajishengallis G, Lamont RJ. Polymicrobial communities in periodontal disease: Their quasi-organismal nature and dialogue with the host. Periodontol. 2021;2000(86):210–30.CrossRef
3.
Hajishengallis G, Chavakis T. Local and systemic mechanisms linking periodontal disease and inflammatory comorbidities. Nat Rev Immunol. 2021;21:426–40.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
4.
da Pereira Silva FR, Bentes Leal ALA, Koga RS, Pereira Alves EH, de Pinho Lira JAS, da Alves Silva H, et al. Relationship between the rs333 Polymorphism in the CC Chemokine Receptor Type Five (CCR5) gene and immunological disorders: data from a meta-analysis. Int J Stat Med Res. 2021;10:8596.
5.
da Pereira Silva FR, Pessoa LDS, Shin JI, Alves EHP, Koga RS, Smith CV, et al. Polymorphisms in the interleukin genes and chronic periodontitis: A field synopsis and revaluation by Bayesian approaches. Cytokine. 2021;138:155361.CrossRef
6.
Trindade D, Carvalho R, Machado V, Chambrone L, Mendes JJ, Botelho J. Prevalence of periodontitis in dentate people between 2011 and 2020: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. J Clin Periodontol. 2023 Jan 11; https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​jcpe.​13769.
7.
Botelho J, Machado V, Leira Y, Proença L, Chambrone L, Mendes JJ. Economic burden of periodontitis in the United States and Europe: An updated estimation. J Periodontol. 2022;93:373–9.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Hajishengallis G. Immunomicrobial pathogenesis of periodontitis: keystones, pathobionts, and host response. Trends Immunol. 2014;35:3–11.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Chen ZY, Xu TT, Liang ZJ, Zhao L, Xiong XQ, Xie KK, et al. Untargeted and targeted gingival metabolome in rodents reveal metabolic links between high-fat diet-induced obesity and periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2021;48(8):1137–48
10.
11.
Kumar J, Teoh SL, Das S, Mahakknaukrauh P. Oxidative stress in oral diseases: understanding its relation with other systemic diseases. Front Physiol. 2017;8:693.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
12.
13.
Ali N, Perveen R, Rahman S, Mahmood S, Rahman S, Islam S, et al. Prevalence of hyperuricemia and the relationship between serum uric acid and obesity: A study on Bangladeshi adults. PLoS ONE. 2018;13:e0206850.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
14.
Cortese F, Giordano P, Scicchitano P, Faienza MF, De Pergola G, Calculli G, et al. Uric acid: from a biological advantage to a potential danger. A focus on cardiovascular effects. Vasc Pharmacol. 2019;120:106565.CrossRef
15.
Li C, Hsieh M, Chang S. Metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and hyperuricemia. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2013;25:210–6.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Santos CX, Anjos EI, Augusto O. Uric acid oxidation by peroxynitrite: multiple reactions, free radical formation, and amplification of lipid oxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1999;372:285–94.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Vasquez-Vivar J, Santos AM, Junqueira VB, Augusto O. Peroxynitrite-mediated formation of free radicals in human plasma: EPR detection of ascorbyl, albumin-thiyl and uric acid-derived free radicals. Biochem J. 1996;314(Pt 3):869–76.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
19.
Sculley DV, Langley-Evans SC. Salivary antioxidants and periodontal disease status. Proc Nutr Soc. 2002;61:137–43.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Tóthová L, Kamodyová N, Červenka T, Celec P. Salivary markers of oxidative stress in oral diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2015;20:5.
21.
Cao YL, Qiao M, Xu ZH, Zou GM, Ma LL, Li WG, et al. The clinical study of IgA nephropathy with severe chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis. Natl Med J China. 2016;96:9–13.
22.
Tsai KZ, Su FY, Cheng WC, Huang RY, Lin YP, Lin GM. Associations between metabolic biomarkers and localized stage II/III periodontitis in young adults: The CHIEF Oral Health study. J Clin Periodontol. 2021;48:1549–58.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Nessa N, Kobara M, Toba H, Adachi T, Yamamoto T, Kanamura N, et al. Febuxostat attenuates the progression of periodontitis in rats. Pharmacology. 2021;106:294–304.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Sato K, Yamazaki K, Kato T, Nakanishi Y, Tsuzuno T, Yokoji-Takeuchi M, et al. Obesity-related gut microbiota aggravates alveolar bone destruction in experimental periodontitis through elevation of uric acid. mBio. 2021;12:e0077121.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Banu S, Jabir NR, Mohan R, Manjunath NC, Kamal MA, Kumar KRV, et al. Correlation of toll-like receptor 4, interleukin-18, transaminases, and uric acid in patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy adults. J Periodontol. 2015;86:431–9.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Gharbi A, Hamila A, Bouguezzi A, Dandana A, Ferchichi S, Chandad F, et al. Biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers in Tunisian patients with periodontal disease. BMC Oral Health. 2019;19:225.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
27.
Narendra S, Das UK, Tripathy SK, Sahani NC. Superoxide dismutase, uric acid, total antioxidant status, and lipid peroxidation assay in chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2018;19:874–80.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Miricescu D, Totan A, Calenic B, Mocanu B, Didilescu A, Mohora M, et al. Salivary biomarkers: relationship between oxidative stress and alveolar bone loss in chronic periodontitis. Acta Odontol Scand. 2014;72:42–7.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Diab-Ladki R, Pellat B, Chahine R. Decrease in the total antioxidant activity of saliva in patients with periodontal diseases. Clin Oral Investig. 2003;7:103–7.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Barnes VM, Teles R, Trivedi HM, Devizio W, Xu T, Mitchell MW, et al. Acceleration of purine degradation by periodontal diseases. J Dent Res. 2009;88:851–5.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Chen ZY, Ye LW, Zhao L, Liang ZJ, Yu T, Gao J. Hyperuricemia as a potential plausible risk factor for periodontitis. Med Hypotheses. 2020;137:109591.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Byun SH, Yoo DM, Lee JW, Choi HG. Analyzing the association between hyperuricemia and periodontitis: A cross-sectional study using KoGES-HEXA data. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:1–10.
33.
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the prisma statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6:e1000097.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
34.
Tian S, Li J, Li R, Liu Z, Dong W. Decreased serum bilirubin levels and increased uric acid levels are associated with ulcerative colitis. Med Sci Monit. 2018;24:6298–304.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
35.
Zhu F, Feng D, Zhang T, Gu L, Zhu W, Guo Z, et al. Altered uric acid metabolism in isolated colonic Crohn’s disease but not ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;34:154–61.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Ponvilawan B, Charoenngam N, Ungprasert P. Primary hyperparathyroidism is associated with a higher level of serum uric acid: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2020;23:174–80.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Charoenngam N, Ponvilawan B, Ungprasert P. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are associated with a higher level of serum uric acid: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mod Rheumatol. 2020;30:385–90.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. 2nd ed. Chichester (UK): John Wiley & Sons; 2019.
39.
Su H, Ruan J, Chen T, Lin E, Shi L. CT-assessed sarcopenia is a predictive factor for both long-term and short-term outcomes in gastrointestinal oncology patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Imaging. 2019;19:82.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
40.
Chen M, Cai W, Zhao S, Shi L, Chen Y, Li X, et al. Oxidative stress-related biomarkers in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid associated with chronic periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2019;46:608–22.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Balshem H, Helfand M, Schünemann HJ, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Brozek J, et al. GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64:401–6.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008;26(336):924–6.CrossRef
43.
Munther S. The effects of cigarette smoking and exercise on total salivary antioxidant activity. Saudi Dent J. 2019;31:31–8.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Yang T, Zhang Y, Wei J, Zeng C, Li LJ, Xie X, et al. Relationship between cigarette smoking and hyperuricemia in middle-aged and elderly population: a cross-sectional study. Rheumatol Int. 2017;37:131–6.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Tamariz L, Hernandez F, Bush A, Palacio A, Hare JM. Association between serum uric acid and atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Rhythm. 2014;11:1102–8.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Caton JG, Armitage G, Berglundh T, Chapple I, Jepsen S, Kornman KS, et al. A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions - Introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(Suppl 20):S1-8.PubMed
47.
Bosnjak KD, Kekin I, Hew J, Rojnic KM, Puljak L. Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;11:CD012236.
48.
Sun Y, Zhang H, Tian W, Shi L, Chen L, Li J, et al. Association between serum uric acid levels and coronary artery disease in different age and gender: a cross-sectional study. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019;31:1783–90.PubMedCrossRef
49.
50.
51.
Duval S, Tweedie R. Trim and fill: A simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics. 2000;56:455–63.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Brotto RS, Vendramini RC, Brunetti IL, Marcantonio RAC, Ramos APP, Pepato MT. Lack of correlation between periodontitis and renal dysfunction in systemically healthy patients. Eur J Dent. 2011;5:8–18.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
53.
Fatima G, Uppin RB, Kasagani S, Tapshetty R, Rao A. Comparison of salivary uric acid level among healthy individuals without periodontitis with that of smokers and non-smokers with periodontitis. J Adv ORAL Res. 2016;7:24–8.CrossRef
54.
Mathur A, Mathur L, Manohar B, Mathur H, Shankarapillai R, Shetty N, et al. Antioxidant therapy as monotherapy or as an adjunct to treatment of periodontal diseases. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2013;17:21–4.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
55.
Mourão L, Cataldo D, Moutinho H, Canabarro A. Impact of chronic periodontitis on quality-of-life and on the level of blood metabolic markers. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2015;19:155–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
56.
Novakovic N, Todorovic T, Rakic M, Milinkovic I, Dozic I, Jankovic S, et al. Salivary antioxidants as periodontal biomarkers in evaluation of tissue status and treatment outcome. J Periodontal Res. 2014;49:129–36.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Sakanaka A, Kuboniwa M, Hashino E, Bamba T, Fukusaki E, Amano A. Distinct signatures of dental plaque metabolic byproducts dictated by periodontal inflammatory status. Sci Rep. 2017;7:42818.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
58.
Senouci S, Yahia DA, Bouziane D, Mehadj M, Malaisse WJ. The diagnostic role of salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammatory status and their relationship in periodontitis stage III and grade C. Biologia (Bratisl). 2021;76:1617–25.CrossRef
59.
Sharma MD, Nahar P, Singh MP, Bhuvaneshwari S, Goel S, Mathur H. Saliva as a diagnostic tool for evaluating oxidative stress in periodontitis and its correlation with tobacco habits: A cross sectional study. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol. 2018;30:361–6.CrossRef
60.
Sreeram M, Suryakar A, Dani N. Is gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase a biomarker for oxidative stress in periodontitis? J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2015;19:150–4.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
61.
Priya KL, Mahendra J, Mahendra L, Kanakamedala A, Alsharif KF, Mugri MH, et al. Salivary biomarkers in periodontitis post scaling and root planing. J Clin Med. 2022;1:11.
62.
Merle CL, Richter L, Challakh N, Haak R, Schmalz G, Needleman I, et al. Associations of blood and performance parameters with signs of periodontal inflammation in young elite athletes-an explorative study. J Clin Med. 2022;31:11.
63.
Page RC, Eke PI. Case definitions for use in population-based surveillance of periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2007;78:1387–99.PubMedCrossRef
64.
Eke PI, Page RC, Wei L, Thornton-Evans G, Genco RJ. Update of the case definitions for population-based surveillance of periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2012;83:1449–54.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
65.
Nesse W, Abbas F, van der Ploeg I, Spijkervet FK, Dijkstra PU, Vissink A. Periodontal inflamed surface area: quantifying inflammatory burden. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35:668–73.
66.
Ainamo J, Barmes D, Beagrie G, Cutress T, Martin J, Sardo-Infirri J. Development of the World Health Organization (WHO) community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN). Int Dent J. 1982;32:281–91.
67.
Jun HK, An SJ, Kim HY, Choi BK. Inflammatory response of uric acid produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipains. Mol Oral Microbiol. 2020;35:222–30.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Jun HK, Jung YJ, Choi BK. Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia induce cell death and release of endogenous danger signals. Arch Oral Biol. 2017;73:72–8.PubMedCrossRef
69.
Polito L, Bortolotti M, Battelli MG, Bolognesi A. Chronic kidney disease: Which role for xanthine oxidoreductase activity and products? Pharmacol Res. 2022;184:106407.PubMedCrossRef
70.
Andrade R, Franca L, Pessoa L, Landim B, Rodrigues AA, Alves E, et al. High-fat diet aggravates the liver disease caused by periodontitis in rats. J Periodontol. 2019;90:1023–31.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Lin S, Zhang X, Zhu X, Jiao J, Li Y, Li Y, et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum aggravates ulcerative colitis through promoting gut microbiota dysbiosis and dysmetabolism. J Periodontol. 2022;
72.
Hershfield MS, Roberts LN, Ganson NJ, Kelly SJ, Santisteban I, Scarlett E, et al. Treating gout with pegloticase, a PEGylated urate oxidase, provides insight into the importance of uric acid as an antioxidant in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U A. 2010;107:14351–6.CrossRef
73.
Kikuchi K, Setoyama K, Tanaka E, Otsuka S, Terashi T, Nakanishi K, et al. Uric acid enhances alteplase-mediated thrombolysis as an antioxidant. Sci Rep. 2018;8:15844.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
74.
Liu J, Cui L, Yan X, Zhao X, Cheng J, Zhou L, et al. Analysis of oral microbiota revealed high abundance of prevotella intermedia in gout patients. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;49:1804–12.PubMedCrossRef
75.
Choi HK, McCormick N, Yokose C. Excess comorbidities in gout: the causal paradigm and pleiotropic approaches to care. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2022;18:97–111.PubMedCrossRef
76.
Babaei H, Forouzandeh F, Maghsoumi-Norouzabad L, Yousefimanesh HA, Ravanbakhsh M, Zare JA. Effects of chicory leaf extract on serum oxidative stress markers, lipid profile and periodontal status in patients with chronic periodontitis. J Am Coll Nutr. 2018;37:479–86.PubMedCrossRef
77.
Moore S, Calder KA, Miller NJ, Rice-Evans CA. Antioxidant activity of saliva and periodontal disease. Free Radic Res. 1994;21:417–25.PubMedCrossRef
78.
Plank MS, Calderon TC, Asmerom Y, Boskovic DS, Angeles DM. Biochemical measurement of neonatal hypoxia. J Vis Exp. 2011;24(54):2948.
79.
Rosier BT, Takahashi N, Zaura E, Krom BP, MartÍnez-Espinosa RM, van Breda S, et al. The importance of nitrate reduction for oral health. J Dent Res. 2022;101:887–97.PubMedCrossRef
80.
81.
Ichimori K, Fukahori M, Nakazawa H, Okamoto K, Nishino T. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase by nitric oxide. Nitric oxide converts reduced xanthine-oxidizing enzymes into the desulfo-type inactive form. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:7763–8.PubMedCrossRef
82.
Fornasaro S, Berton F, Stacchi C, Farina F, Esposito A, Sergo V, et al. Label-free analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Analyst. 2021;146:1464–71.PubMedCrossRef
83.
Barros SP, Williams R, Offenbacher S, Morelli T. Gingival crevicular fluid as a source of biomarkers for periodontitis. Periodontol. 2000;2016(70):53–64.
84.
Demmer RT, Behle JH, Wolf DL, Handfield M, Kebschull M, Celenti R, et al. Transcriptomes in healthy and diseased gingival tissues. J Periodontol. 2008;79:2112–24.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
85.
Kim Y, Kang J, Kim GT. Prevalence of hyperuricemia and its associated factors in the general Korean population: an analysis of a population-based nationally representative sample. Clin Rheumatol. 2018;37:2529–38.PubMedCrossRef
86.
Nagasawa Y, Yamamoto R, Shoji T, Shinzawa M, Hasuike Y, Nagatoya K, et al. Serum uric acid level predicts progression of IgA nephropathy in females but not in males. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0160828.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
87.
Naseri R, Yaghini J, Feizi A. Levels of smoking and dental implants failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2020;47:518–28.PubMedCrossRef
88.
Franks PW, Atabaki-Pasdar N. Causal inference in obesity research. J Intern Med. 2017;281:222–32.PubMedCrossRef
89.
Kuwabara M, Kuwabara R, Niwa K, Hisatome I, Smits G, Roncal-Jimenez CA, et al. Different risk for hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia according to level of body mass index in Japanese and American subjects. Nutrients. 2018;10:1011.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
90.
Al-Rawi NH, Shahid AM. Oxidative stress, antioxidants, and lipid profile in the serum and saliva of individuals with coronary heart disease: is there a link with periodontal health? Minerva Stomatol. 2017;66:212–25.PubMed
91.
Doumas BT, Hause LL, Simuncak DM, Breitenfeld D. Differences between values for plasma and serum in tests performed in the Ektachem 700 XR Analyzer, and evaluation of “plasma separator tubes (PST).” Clin Chem. 1989;35:151–3.PubMedCrossRef
92.
Miles RR, Roberts RF, Putnam AR, Roberts WL. Comparison of serum and heparinized plasma samples for measurement of chemistry analytes. Clin Chem. 2004;50:1704–6.PubMedCrossRef
93.
Liu L, Aa J, Wang G, Yan B, Zhang Y, Wang X, et al. Differences in metabolite profile between blood plasma and serum. Anal Biochem. 2010;406:105–12.PubMedCrossRef
94.
Wang Q, Wen X, Kong J. Recent progress on uric acid detection: a review. Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2020;50:359–75.PubMedCrossRef
95.
Al-Gonaiah M, Smith RA, Stone TW. Xanthine oxidase-induced neuronal death via the oxidation of NADH: prevention by micromolar EDTA. Brain Res. 2009;1280:33–42.PubMedCrossRef
96.
Granell S, Gironella M, Bulbena O, Panes J, Mauri M, Sabater L, et al. Heparin mobilizes xanthine oxidase and induces lung inflammation in acute pancreatitis. Crit Care Med. 2003;31:525–30.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Association between periodontitis and uric acid levels in blood and oral fluids: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors
Lu-wen Ye
Li Zhao
Ze-song Mei
Ying-hong Zhou
Ting Yu
Publication date
01-12-2023
Publisher
BioMed Central
Keyword
Gout
Published in
BMC Oral Health / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6831
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-02900-8

Other articles of this Issue 1/2023

BMC Oral Health 1/2023 Go to the issue

Research

The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, sex, and age on temporomandibular disorders subtypes in East Asian patients: a retrospective observational study

Research

The caries impacts and experiences questionnaire for Turkish children by age groups’

Research

The salivary proteome in relation to oral mucositis in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: a labelled and label-free proteomics approach

Research

Temporal and spatial patterns of recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma, a single-center retrospective cohort study in China

Research

The impact of immediate versus delayed mini-screw placement on alveolar bone preservation and bone density following tooth extraction: evidence from a canine model

Research

Time elapsed since peruvian children’s last dental care and head of household educational attainment: findings from a national database