Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Ophthalmology and Therapy
Published in: Ophthalmology and Therapy 2/2019

Open Access 01-06-2019 | Giant Cell Arteritis | Review

Reviewing the Pathophysiology Behind the Advances in the Management of Giant Cell Arteritis

Authors: Alia Z. Al-Mousawi, Sam P. Gurney, Alice R. Lorenzi, Ute Pohl, Margaret Dayan, Susan P. Mollan

Published in: Ophthalmology and Therapy | Issue 2/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

Improving understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of giant cell arteritis (GCA) is transforming clinical management by identifying novel avenues for targeted therapies. One key area of concern for both clinicians and patients with GCA is glucocorticoid (GC) morbidity. The first randomised controlled trials of targeted treatment to reduce cumulative GC use in GCA have been published, with tocilizumab, an interleukin (IL)-6 receptor inhibitor, now the first ever licensed treatment for GCA. Further potential therapies are emerging owing to our enhanced understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. Other improvements in the care of our patients are rapid access pathways and imaging techniques, such as ultrasound, which are becoming part of modern rheumatology practice in the UK, Europe and beyond. These have been highlighted in the literature to reduce delay in diagnosis and improve long-term outcomes for those investigated for GCA.
Literature
1.
Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Bacon PA, et al. 2012 revised international Chapel Hill consensus conference nomenclature of vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(1):1–11.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Giant-cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139:505–15.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Salvarani C, Cantini F, Boiardi L, Hunder GG. Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:261–71.PubMedCrossRef
4.
González-Gay MA, Garcia-Porrua C. Epidemiology of vasculitides. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2001;27(4):729–49.
5.
6.
Broder MS, Sarsour K, Chang E, et al. Corticosteroid-related adverse events in patients with giant cell arteritis: a claims-based analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016;46(2):246–52.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Dejaco C, Brouwer E, Mason JC, Buttgereit F, Matteson EL, Dasgupta B. Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia: current challenges and opportunities. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017;13(10):578–92.PubMedCrossRef
8.
9.
Crowson CS, Matteson EL, Myasoedova E, et al. The lifetime risk of adult-onset rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63:633–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
10.
Borchers AT, Gershwin ME. Giant cell arteritis: a review of classification, pathophysiology, geoepidemiology and treatment. Autoimmun Rev. 2012;11(6–7):A544–54.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Gonzalez-Gay MA, Miranda-Filloy JA, Lopez-Diaz MJ, et al. Giant cell arteritis in northwestern Spain: a 25-year epidemiologic study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2007;86:61–8.CrossRef
12.
Smeeth L, Cook C, Hall AJ. Incidence of diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis in the United Kingdom, 1990–2001. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65:1093–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
13.
Haugeberg G, Paulsen PQ, Bie RB. Temporal arteritis in Vest Agder County in southern Norway: incidence and clinical findings. J Rheumatol. 2000;27(11):2624–7.PubMed
14.
15.
Salvarani C, Macchioni P, Zizzi F, et al. Epidemiologic and immunogenetic aspects of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis in northern Italy. Arthritis Rheum. 1991;34:351–6.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Catanoso M, Macchioni P, Boiardi L, et al. Incidence, prevalence, and survival of biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis in northern Italy during a 26-year period. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2017;69(3):430–8.CrossRef
17.
Chandran AK, Udayakumar PD, Crowson C, et al. The incidence of giant cell arteritis in Olmsted County Minnesota, over a sixty year period 1950–2009. Scand J Rheumatol. 2015;44(3):215–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
Salvarani C, Crowson CS, O’Fallon WM, Hunder GG, Gabriel SE. Reappraisal of the epidemiology of giant cell arteritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, over a fifty-year period. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;51:264–8.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Smith CA, Fidler WJ, Pinals RS. The epidemiology of giant cell arteritis: report of a ten-year study in Shelby County, Tennessee. Arthritis Rheum. 1983;26:1214–9.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Salvarani C, et al. The incidence of giant cell arteritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota: apparent fluctuations in a cyclic pattern. Ann Intern Med. 1995;123:192–4.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Borchers AT, Gershwin ME. Giant cell arteritis: a review of classification, pathophysiology, geoepidemiology and treatment. Autoimmun Rev. 2012;11(6–7):A544–54.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Carmona FD, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Martin J. Genetic component of giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014;53(1):6–18.CrossRef
23.
24.
Carmona FD, Mackie SL, Martín J-E, et al. A large-scale genetic analysis reveals a strong contribution of the HLA class II region to giant cell arteritis susceptibility. Am J Hum Genet. 2015;96(4):565–80.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
25.
Mackie SL, Taylor JC, Haroon-Rashid L, et al. Association of HLA-DRB1 amino acid residues with giant cell arteritis: genetic association study, meta-analysis and geo-epidemiological investigation. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17(1):195.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
26.
Blumberg RS, van de Wal Y, Claypool S, et al. The multiple roles of major histocompatibility complex class-I-like molecules in mucosal immune function. Acta Odontol Scand. 2001;59(3):139–44.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
27.
Gonzalez-Gay MA, et al. Contribution of MHC class I region to genetic susceptibility for giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007;46(3):431–4.CrossRef
28.
Mattey DL, Hajeer AH, Dababneh A, et al. Association of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica with different tumor necrosis factor microsatellite polymorphisms. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:174955.
29.
Gonzalez-Gay MA, Hajeer AH, Dababneh A, et al. IL-6 promoter polymorphism at position -174 modulates the phenotypic expression of polymyalgia rheumatica in biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2002;20:179–84.PubMed
30.
31.
Weyand CM, Ma-Krupa W, Goronzy JJ. Immunopathways in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Autoimmun Rev. 2004;3(1):46–53.PubMedCrossRef
32.
33.
34.
Helliwell T, Muller S, Hider SL, et al. Challenges of diagnosis and management of giant cell arteritis in general practice: a multimethods study. BMJ Open. 2018;8:e019320.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
35.
Martinez-Taboada VM, et al. Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: role of cytokines in pathogenesis and implications for treatment. Cytokine. 2008;44(2):207–20.PubMedCrossRef
36.
37.
Ma-Krupa, et al. Trapping of misdirected dendritic cells in granulomatous lesions of giant cell arteritis. Am J Pathol. 2002;161(5):1815–23.CrossRef
38.
Ma-Krupa W, Jeon M-S, Spoerl S, Tedder TF, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Activation of arterial wall dendritic cells and breakdown of self-tolerance in giant cell arteritis. J Exp Med. 2004;199(2):173–83.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
39.
Aerts-Toegaert C, Heirman C, Tuyaerts S, et al. CD83 expression on dendritic cells and T cells: correlation with effective immune responses. Eur J Immunol. 2007;37(3):686–95.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Han JW, Shimada K, Ma-Krupa W, et al. Vessel wall-embedded dendritic cells induce T-cell autoreactivity and initiate vascular inflammation. Circ Res. 2008;102(5):546–53.PubMedCrossRef
41.
42.
Nagel MA, White T, Khmeleva N, et al. Analysis of varicella-zoster virus in temporal arteries biopsy positive and negative for giant cell arteritis. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72(11):1281–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
43.
Alvarez-Lafuente R, Fernandez-Guitierrez B, Jover JA, et al. Human parvovirus B19, varicella zoster virus, and human herpes virus 6 in temporal artery biopsy specimens of patients with giant cell arteritis: analysis with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(5):780–2.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
44.
Regan MJ, Wood BJ, Hsieh YH, et al. Temporal arteritis and Chlamydia pneumoniae: failure to detect the organism by polymerase chain reaction in ninety cases and ninety controls. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46:1056–60.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Helweg-Larsan J, Tarp B, Obel N, Baslund B. No evidence of parvovirus B19, Chlamydia pneumoniae or human herpes virus infection in temporal artery biopsies in patients with giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology. 2002;41:445–9.CrossRef
46.
47.
Wagner AD, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Functional profile of tissue-infiltrating and circulating CD68+ cells in giant cell arteritis. Evidence for two components of the disease. J Clin Invest. 1994;94(3):1134–40.
48.
Unizony S, Stone JH, Stone JR. New treatment strategies in large-vessel vasculitis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2013;25(1):3–9.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Hernandez-Rodriquez J, Segarra M, Vilardell C, et al. Ischaemic events in patients with giant-cell arteritis:angiogenic activity of interleukin-6 as a potential protective mechanism. Circulation. 2003;107(19):2428–34.
50.
Cooper AM, Dalton DK, Stewart TA, Griffin JP, Russell DG, Orme IM. Disseminated tuberculosis in interferon gamma gene-disrupted mice. J Exp Med. 1993;178:2243–7.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Calvalcanti YV, Brelaz MC, Neves JK, Ferraz JC, Pereira VR. Role of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-10 in the development of pulmonary tuberculosis. Pulm Med. 2012;2012:745483.
52.
Conway R, O’Neill L, McCarthy GM, et al. Interleukin 12 and interleukin 23 play key pathogenic roles in inflammatory and proliferative pathways in giant cell arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018;77(12):1815–24.
53.
54.
55.
González-López JJ, González-Moraleja J, Burdaspal-Moratilla A, Rebolleda G, Núñez-Gómez-Álvarez MT, Muñoz-Negrete FJ. Factors associated to temporal artery biopsy result in suspects of giant cell arteritis: a retrospective, multicenter, case-control study. Acta Ophthalmol. 2013;91(8):763–8.PubMedCrossRef
56.
Dasgupta B, Borg FA, Hassan N, et al. BSR and BHPR guidelines for the management of giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010;49(8):1594–7.
57.
Kermani TA, Schmidt J, Cynthia S, et al. Utility of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2012;41:866–71.PubMedCrossRef
58.
Hernández-Rodríguez J, Murgia G, Villar I, et al. Description and validation of histological patterns and proposal of a dynamic model of inflammatory infiltration in giant-cell arteritis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(8):e2368.CrossRef
59.
Sultan H, Smith SV, Lee AG, Chévez-Barrios P. Pathologic markers determining prognosis in patients with treated or healing giant cell arteritis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2018;193:45–53.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Schmidt WA, Gromnica-Ihle E. Incidence of temporal arteritis in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica: a prospective study using colour Doppler ultrasonography of the temporal arteries. Rheumatology. 2002;41:46–52.PubMedCrossRef
61.
Ashton-Key MR, Gallagher PJ. False-negative temporal artery biopsy. Am J Surg Pathol. 1992;16:634–5.PubMedCrossRef
62.
Dejaco C, Ramiro S, Duftner C, et al. EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in large vessel vasculitis in clinical practice. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018;77(5):636–43.PubMedCrossRef
63.
Schmidt WA, Kraft HE, Vorpahl K, Volker L, Gromnica-Ihle EJ. Color duplex ultrasonography in the diagnosis of the temporal arteritis. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1336–42.PubMedCrossRef
64.
Karassa FB, Matsagas MI, Schmidt WA, Ioannidis JP. Meta-analysis: test performance of ultrasonography for giant-cell arteritis. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:359–69.PubMedCrossRef
65.
Arida A, Kyprianou M, Kanakis M, Sfikakis PP. The diagnostic value of ultrasonography-derived edema of the temporal artery wall in giant cell arteritis: a second meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010;11:44.
66.
Ball EL, Walsh SR, Tang TY, Gohil R, Clarke JM. Role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of temporal arteritis. Br J Surg. 2010;97:1765–71.PubMedCrossRef
67.
Aschwanden M, Imfeld S, Staub D, et al. The ultrasound compression sign to diagnose temporal giant cell arteritis shows an excellent interobserver agreement. Clin Ex Rheum. 2015;33(sup 89):s113–5.
68.
Luqmani R, Lee E, Singh S, et al. The role of ultrasound compared to biopsy of temporal arteries in the diagnosis and treatment of giant cell arteritis (TABUL): a diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness study. Health Technol Assess. 2016;20(90).
69.
Croft A, Thompson N, Duddy M, et al. Cranial ultrasound for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. A retrospective cohort study. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2015;45(4):268–72.
70.
Blockmans D, de Ceuninck L, Vanderschueren S, Knockaert D, Mortelmans L, Bobbaers H. Repetitive 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in giant cell arteritis: a prospective study of 35 patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;55(1):131–7.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Klink T, Geiger J, Both M, et al. Giant cell arteritis: diagnostic accuracy of MR imaging of superficial cranial arteries in initial diagnosis-results from a multicenter trial. Radiology. 2014;273(3):844–52.PubMedCrossRef
72.
Mollan S, Keane P, Denniston A. The use of transdermal optical coherence tomography to image the superficial temporal arteries. Eye. 2017;31(1):157–60.PubMedCrossRef
73.
Mollan SP, Begaj I, Mackie S, et al. Increase in admissions related to giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica in the UK, 2002-13, without a decrease in associated sight loss: potential implications for service provision. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015;54(2):375–7.CrossRef
74.
Buttgereit F, Matteson EL, Dejaco C, Dasgupta B. Prevention of glucocorticoid morbidity in giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018;57(2):ii11–ii21.
75.
Proven A, Gabriel SE, Orces C, O’Fallon WM, Hunder GG. Glucocorticoid therapy in giant cell arteritis: duration and adverse outcomes. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;49:703–8.PubMedCrossRef
76.
Spiera RF, Mitnick HJ, Kupersmith M, et al. A prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of methotrexate in the treatment of giant cell arteritis (GCA). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001;19:495–501.PubMed
77.
Jover JA, Hernandez-Garcia C, Morado IC, Vargas E, Banares A, Fernandez-Gutierrez B. Combined treatment of giant-cell arteritis with methotrexate and prednisone. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:106–14.
78.
Hoffman GS, Cid MC, Hellmann DB, et al. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of adjuvant methotrexate treatment for giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46:1309–18.PubMedCrossRef
79.
Mahr AD, et al. Adjunctive methotrexate for treatment of giant cell arteritis: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:2789–97.PubMedCrossRef
80.
Adizie T, Christidis D, Dharmapaliah C, Borg F, Dasgupta B. Efficacy and tolerability of leflunomide in difficult-to-treat polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: a case series. Int J Clin Pract. 2012;66:906–9.PubMedCrossRef
81.
Diamantopoulos AP, Hetland H, Myklebust G. Leflunomide as a corticosteroid-sparing agent in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: a case series. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:120638.
82.
83.
De Silva M, Hazleman BL. Azathioprine in giant cell arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica: a double-blind study. Ann Rheum Dis. 1986:45(2):136–8.
84.
Quartuccio L, Maset M, De Maglio G, et al. Role of oral cyclophosphamide in the treatment of giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology. 2012;51:1677–86.PubMedCrossRef
85.
Sciascia S, Piras D, Baldovino, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil as steroid-sparing treatment for elderly patients with giant cell arteritis: report of three cases. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2012;24(3):273–7.
86.
Schaufelberger C, Mollby H, Uddhammar A, et al. No additional steroid-sparing effect of cyclosporine A in giant cell arteritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 2006;55(4):327–9.CrossRef
87.
Mollan SP, Sharrack N, Burdon MA, Denniston AK. Aspirin as adjunctive treatment for giant cell arteritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(8):CD010453.
88.
Villiger PM, Adler S, Kuchen S, et al. Tocilizumab for induction and maintenance of remission in giant cell arteritis: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2016;387:1921–7.PubMedCrossRef
89.
Stone JH, Tuckwell K, Dimonaco S, et al. Trial of tocilizumab in giant cell arteritis. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(4):317–28.PubMedCrossRef
90.
Mollan SP, Horsburgh J, Dasgupta B. Profile of tocilizumab and its potential in the treatment of giant cell arteritis. Eye Brain. 2018;23(10):1–11.CrossRef
91.
92.
Hoffman GS, et al. Infliximab for maintenance of glucocorticosteroid-induced remission of giant cell arteritis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:621–30.PubMedCrossRef
93.
Seror R, et al. Adalimumab for steroid sparing in patients with giant-cell arteritis: results of a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;73:2074–81.PubMedCrossRef
94.
Martínez-Taboada VM, et al. A double-blind placebo controlled trial of etanercept in patients with giant cell arteritis and corticosteroid side effects. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67:625–30.PubMedCrossRef
95.
Conway R, O’Neill L, O’Flynn E, et al. Ustekinumab for the treatment of refractory giant cell arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75:1578–9.PubMedCrossRef
96.
97.
Langford CA, Cuthbertson D, Ytterberg SR, et al. A randomised double-blind trial of abatacept (CTLA4-Ig) for the treatment of giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69(4):837–45.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
98.
Ly KH, Stirnemann J, Liozon E, et al. Interleukin-1 blockade in refractory giant cell arteritis. Joint Bone Spine. 2014;81(1):76–8.PubMedCrossRef
99.
100.
Dasgupta B. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy and safety of gevokizumab in the treatment of giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology. 2014;53(2); i7.
101.
Bhatia A, Ell PJ, Edwards JC. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) as an adjunct in the treatment of giant cell arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64:1099–100.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
102.
Metadata
Title
Reviewing the Pathophysiology Behind the Advances in the Management of Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors
Alia Z. Al-Mousawi
Sam P. Gurney
Alice R. Lorenzi
Ute Pohl
Margaret Dayan
Susan P. Mollan
Publication date
01-06-2019
Publisher
Springer Healthcare
Published in
Ophthalmology and Therapy / Issue 2/2019
Print ISSN: 2193-8245
Electronic ISSN: 2193-6528
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-019-0171-0

Other articles of this Issue 2/2019

Ophthalmology and Therapy 2/2019 Go to the issue

Case Series

Nd:YAG Laser for Ahmed Tube Shunt Blockage in Patients Implanted with Boston Type I Keratoprosthesis

Review

Macular Atrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: What is the Link? Part I: A Review of Disease Characterization and Morphological Associations

Review

Management of Idiopathic Macular Telangiectasia Type 2

Review

A Review of Corneal Endotheliitis and Endotheliopathy: Differential Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment

Review

Pearls and Pitfalls of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Imaging: A Review

Case Report

Opacification of Akreos Hydrophilic Acrylic Lens After Retinal Detachment Repair with Silicone Oil Tamponade: A Case Report
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits