Genetic structure of Anopheles gambiae populations on islands in northwestern Lake Victoria, Uganda

go back to reference Marshall E: Malaria. A renewed assault on an old and deadly foe. Science. 2000, 290: 428-430. 10.1126/science.290.5491.428.CrossRefPubMed Marshall E: Malaria. A renewed assault on an old and deadly foe. Science. 2000, 290: 428-430. 10.1126/science.290.5491.428.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Wellems TE: Plasmodium chloroquine resistance and the search for a replacement antimalarial drug. Science. 2002, 298: 124-126. 10.1126/science.1078167.CrossRefPubMed Wellems TE: Plasmodium chloroquine resistance and the search for a replacement antimalarial drug. Science. 2002, 298: 124-126. 10.1126/science.1078167.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Hemingway J, Field L, Vontas J: An overview of insecticide resistance. Science. 2002, 298: 96-97. 10.1126/science.1078052.CrossRefPubMed Hemingway J, Field L, Vontas J: An overview of insecticide resistance. Science. 2002, 298: 96-97. 10.1126/science.1078052.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Weill M, Malcolm C, Chandre F, Mogensen K, Berthomieu A, Marquine M, Raymond M: The unique mutation in ace-1 giving high insecticide resistance is easily detectable in mosquito vectors. Insect Mol Biol. 2004, 13: 1-7. 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2004.00452.x.CrossRefPubMed Weill M, Malcolm C, Chandre F, Mogensen K, Berthomieu A, Marquine M, Raymond M: The unique mutation in ace-1 giving high insecticide resistance is easily detectable in mosquito vectors. Insect Mol Biol. 2004, 13: 1-7. 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2004.00452.x.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference James AA: Mosquito molecular genetics: the hands that feed bite back. Science. 1992, 257: 37-38.CrossRefPubMed James AA: Mosquito molecular genetics: the hands that feed bite back. Science. 1992, 257: 37-38.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference James AA: Blocking malaria parasite invasion of mosquito salivary glands. J Exp Biol. 2003, 206: 3817-3821. 10.1242/jeb.00616.CrossRefPubMed James AA: Blocking malaria parasite invasion of mosquito salivary glands. J Exp Biol. 2003, 206: 3817-3821. 10.1242/jeb.00616.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Collins FH, Besansky NJ: Vector biology and the control of malaria in Africa. Science. 1994, 264: 1874-1875.CrossRefPubMed Collins FH, Besansky NJ: Vector biology and the control of malaria in Africa. Science. 1994, 264: 1874-1875.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Crampton JM, Warren A, Lycett GJ, Hughes MA, Comley IP, Eggleston P: Genetic manipulation of insect vectors as a strategy for the control of vector-borne disease. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1994, 88: 3-12.PubMed Crampton JM, Warren A, Lycett GJ, Hughes MA, Comley IP, Eggleston P: Genetic manipulation of insect vectors as a strategy for the control of vector-borne disease. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1994, 88: 3-12.PubMed

go back to reference Alphey L, Beard CB, Billingsley P, Coetzee M, Crisanti A, Curtis C, Eggleston P, Godfray C, Hemingway J, Jacobs-Lorena M, James AA, Kafatos FC, Mukwaya LG, Paton M, Powell JR, Schneider W, Scott TW, Sina B, Sinden R, Sinkins S, Spielman A, Toure Y, Collins FH: Malaria control with genetically manipulated insect vectors. Science. 2002, 298: 119-121. 10.1126/science.1078278.CrossRefPubMed Alphey L, Beard CB, Billingsley P, Coetzee M, Crisanti A, Curtis C, Eggleston P, Godfray C, Hemingway J, Jacobs-Lorena M, James AA, Kafatos FC, Mukwaya LG, Paton M, Powell JR, Schneider W, Scott TW, Sina B, Sinden R, Sinkins S, Spielman A, Toure Y, Collins FH: Malaria control with genetically manipulated insect vectors. Science. 2002, 298: 119-121. 10.1126/science.1078278.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Nirmala X, James AA: Engineering Plasmodium-refractory phenotypes in mosquitoes. Trends Parasitol. 2003, 19: 384-387. 10.1016/S1471-4922(03)00188-0.CrossRefPubMed Nirmala X, James AA: Engineering Plasmodium-refractory phenotypes in mosquitoes. Trends Parasitol. 2003, 19: 384-387. 10.1016/S1471-4922(03)00188-0.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Holt RA, Subramanian GM, Halpern A, Sutton GG, Charlab R, Nusskern DR, Wincker P, Clark AG, Ribeiro JM, Wides R, Salzberg SL, Loftus B, Yandell M, Majoros WH, Rusch DB, Lai Z, Kraft CL, Abril JF, Anthouard V, Arensburger P, Atkinson PW, Baden H, de Berardinis V, Baldwin D, Benes V, Biedler J, Blass C, Bolanos R, Boscus D, Barnstead M, Cai S, Center A, Chaturverdi K, Christophides GK, Chrystal MA, Clamp M, Cravchik A, Curwen V, Dana A, Delcher A, Dew I, Evans CA, Flanigan M, Grundschober-Freimoser A, Friedli L, Gu Z, Guan P, Guigo R, Hillenmeyer ME, Hladun SL, Hogan JR, Hong YS, Hoover J, Jaillon O, Ke Z, Kodira C, Kokoza E, Koutsos A, Letunic I, Levitsky A, Liang Y, Lin JJ, Lobo NF, Lopez JR, Malek JA, McIntosh TC, Meister S, Miller J, Mobarry C, Mongin E, Murphy SD, O'Brochta DA, Pfannkoch C, Qi R, Regier MA, Remington K, Shao H, Sharakhova MV, Sitter CD, Shetty J, Smith TJ, Strong R, Sun J, Thomasova D, Ton LQ, Topalis P, Tu Z, Unger MF, Walenz B, Wang A, Wang J, Wang M, Wang X, Woodford KJ, Wortman JR, Wu M, Yao A, Zdobnov EM, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Zhao S, Zhu SC, Zhimulev I, Coluzzi M, della Torre A, Roth CW, Louis C, Kalush F, Mural RJ, Myers EW, Adams MD, Smith HO, Broder S, Gardner MJ, Fraser CM, Birney E, Bork P, Brey PT, Venter JC, Weissenbach J, Kafatos FC, Collins FH, Hoffman SL: The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Science. 2002, 298: 129-149. 10.1126/science.1076181.CrossRefPubMed Holt RA, Subramanian GM, Halpern A, Sutton GG, Charlab R, Nusskern DR, Wincker P, Clark AG, Ribeiro JM, Wides R, Salzberg SL, Loftus B, Yandell M, Majoros WH, Rusch DB, Lai Z, Kraft CL, Abril JF, Anthouard V, Arensburger P, Atkinson PW, Baden H, de Berardinis V, Baldwin D, Benes V, Biedler J, Blass C, Bolanos R, Boscus D, Barnstead M, Cai S, Center A, Chaturverdi K, Christophides GK, Chrystal MA, Clamp M, Cravchik A, Curwen V, Dana A, Delcher A, Dew I, Evans CA, Flanigan M, Grundschober-Freimoser A, Friedli L, Gu Z, Guan P, Guigo R, Hillenmeyer ME, Hladun SL, Hogan JR, Hong YS, Hoover J, Jaillon O, Ke Z, Kodira C, Kokoza E, Koutsos A, Letunic I, Levitsky A, Liang Y, Lin JJ, Lobo NF, Lopez JR, Malek JA, McIntosh TC, Meister S, Miller J, Mobarry C, Mongin E, Murphy SD, O'Brochta DA, Pfannkoch C, Qi R, Regier MA, Remington K, Shao H, Sharakhova MV, Sitter CD, Shetty J, Smith TJ, Strong R, Sun J, Thomasova D, Ton LQ, Topalis P, Tu Z, Unger MF, Walenz B, Wang A, Wang J, Wang M, Wang X, Woodford KJ, Wortman JR, Wu M, Yao A, Zdobnov EM, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Zhao S, Zhu SC, Zhimulev I, Coluzzi M, della Torre A, Roth CW, Louis C, Kalush F, Mural RJ, Myers EW, Adams MD, Smith HO, Broder S, Gardner MJ, Fraser CM, Birney E, Bork P, Brey PT, Venter JC, Weissenbach J, Kafatos FC, Collins FH, Hoffman SL: The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Science. 2002, 298: 129-149. 10.1126/science.1076181.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Mongin E, Louis C, Holt RA, Birney E, Collins FH: The Anopheles gambiae genome: an update. Trends Parasitol. 2004, 20: 49-52. 10.1016/j.pt.2003.11.003.CrossRefPubMed Mongin E, Louis C, Holt RA, Birney E, Collins FH: The Anopheles gambiae genome: an update. Trends Parasitol. 2004, 20: 49-52. 10.1016/j.pt.2003.11.003.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Hill CA, Kafatos FC, Stansfield SK, Collins FH: Arthropod-borne diseases: vector control in the genomics era. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005, 3: 262-268. 10.1038/nrmicro1101.CrossRefPubMed Hill CA, Kafatos FC, Stansfield SK, Collins FH: Arthropod-borne diseases: vector control in the genomics era. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005, 3: 262-268. 10.1038/nrmicro1101.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Collins FH, Zheng L, Paskewitz SM, Kafatos FC: Progress in the map-based cloning of the Anopheles gambiae genes responsible for the encapsulation of malarial parasites. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1997, 91: 517-521. 10.1080/00034989760888.CrossRefPubMed Collins FH, Zheng L, Paskewitz SM, Kafatos FC: Progress in the map-based cloning of the Anopheles gambiae genes responsible for the encapsulation of malarial parasites. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1997, 91: 517-521. 10.1080/00034989760888.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Zheng L, Cornel AJ, Wang R, Erfle H, Voss H, Ansorge W, Kafatos FC, Collins FH: Quantitative trait loci for refractoriness of Anopheles gambiae to Plasmodium cynomolg i B. Science. 1997, 276: 425-428. 10.1126/science.276.5311.425.CrossRefPubMed Zheng L, Cornel AJ, Wang R, Erfle H, Voss H, Ansorge W, Kafatos FC, Collins FH: Quantitative trait loci for refractoriness of Anopheles gambiae to Plasmodium cynomolg i B. Science. 1997, 276: 425-428. 10.1126/science.276.5311.425.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Collins FH, Saunders RD, Kafatos FC, Roth C, Ke Z, Wang X, Dymbrowski K, Ton L, Hogan J: Genetics in the study of mosquito susceptibility to Plasmodium. Parassitologia. 1999, 41: 163-168.PubMed Collins FH, Saunders RD, Kafatos FC, Roth C, Ke Z, Wang X, Dymbrowski K, Ton L, Hogan J: Genetics in the study of mosquito susceptibility to Plasmodium. Parassitologia. 1999, 41: 163-168.PubMed

go back to reference de Lara Capurro M, Coleman J, Beerntsen BT, Myles KM, Olson KE, Rocha E, Krettli AU, James AA: Virus-expressed, recombinant single-chain antibody blocks sporozoite infection of salivary glands in Plasmodium gallinaceum-infected Aedes aegypti. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000, 62: 427-433.PubMed de Lara Capurro M, Coleman J, Beerntsen BT, Myles KM, Olson KE, Rocha E, Krettli AU, James AA: Virus-expressed, recombinant single-chain antibody blocks sporozoite infection of salivary glands in Plasmodium gallinaceum-infected Aedes aegypti. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000, 62: 427-433.PubMed

go back to reference Ito J, Ghosh A, Moreira LA, Wimmer EA, Jacobs-Lorena M: Transgenic anopheline mosquitoes impaired in transmission of a malaria parasite. Nature. 2002, 417: 452-455. 10.1038/417452a.CrossRefPubMed Ito J, Ghosh A, Moreira LA, Wimmer EA, Jacobs-Lorena M: Transgenic anopheline mosquitoes impaired in transmission of a malaria parasite. Nature. 2002, 417: 452-455. 10.1038/417452a.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Catteruccia F, Nolan T, Loukeris TG, Blass C, Savakis C, Kafatos FC, Crisanti A: Stable germline transformation of the malaria mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Nature. 2000, 405: 959-962. 10.1038/35016096.CrossRefPubMed Catteruccia F, Nolan T, Loukeris TG, Blass C, Savakis C, Kafatos FC, Crisanti A: Stable germline transformation of the malaria mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Nature. 2000, 405: 959-962. 10.1038/35016096.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Collins FH, Kamau L, Ranson HA, Vulule JM: Molecular entomology and prospects for malaria control. Bull World Health Organ. 2000, 78: 1412-1423.PubMedCentralPubMed Collins FH, Kamau L, Ranson HA, Vulule JM: Molecular entomology and prospects for malaria control. Bull World Health Organ. 2000, 78: 1412-1423.PubMedCentralPubMed

go back to reference Lehmann T, Hawley WA, Kamau L, Fontenille D, Simard F, Collins FH: Genetic differentiation of Anopheles gambiae populations from East and west Africa: comparison of microsatellite and allozyme loci. Heredity. 1996, 77: 192-200.CrossRefPubMed Lehmann T, Hawley WA, Kamau L, Fontenille D, Simard F, Collins FH: Genetic differentiation of Anopheles gambiae populations from East and west Africa: comparison of microsatellite and allozyme loci. Heredity. 1996, 77: 192-200.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Besansky NJ, Lehmann T, Fahey GT, Fontenille D, Braack LE, Hawley WA, Collins FH: Patterns of mitochondrial variation within and between African malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis, suggest extensive gene flow. Genetics. 1997, 147: 1817-1828.PubMedCentralPubMed Besansky NJ, Lehmann T, Fahey GT, Fontenille D, Braack LE, Hawley WA, Collins FH: Patterns of mitochondrial variation within and between African malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis, suggest extensive gene flow. Genetics. 1997, 147: 1817-1828.PubMedCentralPubMed

go back to reference Toure YT, Petrarca V, Traore SF, Coulibaly A, Maiga HM, Sankare O, Sow M, Di Deco MA, Coluzzi M: The distribution and inversion polymorphism of chromosomally recognized taxa of the Anopheles gambiae complex in Mali, West Africa. Parassitologia. 1998, 40: 477-511.PubMed Toure YT, Petrarca V, Traore SF, Coulibaly A, Maiga HM, Sankare O, Sow M, Di Deco MA, Coluzzi M: The distribution and inversion polymorphism of chromosomally recognized taxa of the Anopheles gambiae complex in Mali, West Africa. Parassitologia. 1998, 40: 477-511.PubMed

go back to reference Gentile G, Slotman M, Ketmaier V, Powell JR, Caccone A: Attempts to molecularly distinguish cryptic taxa in Anopheles gambiae s.s. Insect Mol Biol. 2001, 10: 25-32. 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2001.00237.x.CrossRefPubMed Gentile G, Slotman M, Ketmaier V, Powell JR, Caccone A: Attempts to molecularly distinguish cryptic taxa in Anopheles gambiae s.s. Insect Mol Biol. 2001, 10: 25-32. 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2001.00237.x.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Mukabayire O, Caridi J, Wang X, Toure YT, Coluzzi M, Besansky NJ: Patterns of DNA sequence variation in chromosomally recognized taxa of Anopheles gambiae: evidence from rDNA and single-copy loci. Insect Mol Biol. 2001, 10: 33-46. 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2001.00238.x.CrossRefPubMed Mukabayire O, Caridi J, Wang X, Toure YT, Coluzzi M, Besansky NJ: Patterns of DNA sequence variation in chromosomally recognized taxa of Anopheles gambiae: evidence from rDNA and single-copy loci. Insect Mol Biol. 2001, 10: 33-46. 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2001.00238.x.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Favia G, Lanfrancotti A, Spanos L, Siden-Kiamos I, Louis C: Molecular characterization of ribosomal DNA polymorphisms discriminating among chromosomal forms of Anopheles gambiae s.s. Insect Mol Biol. 2001, 10: 19-23. 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2001.00236.x.CrossRefPubMed Favia G, Lanfrancotti A, Spanos L, Siden-Kiamos I, Louis C: Molecular characterization of ribosomal DNA polymorphisms discriminating among chromosomal forms of Anopheles gambiae s.s. Insect Mol Biol. 2001, 10: 19-23. 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2001.00236.x.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Lehmann T, Hawley WA, Grebert H, Danga M, Atieli F, Collins FH: The Rift Valley complex as a barrier to gene flow for Anopheles gambiae in Kenya. J Hered. 1999, 90: 613-621. 10.1093/jhered/90.6.613.CrossRefPubMed Lehmann T, Hawley WA, Grebert H, Danga M, Atieli F, Collins FH: The Rift Valley complex as a barrier to gene flow for Anopheles gambiae in Kenya. J Hered. 1999, 90: 613-621. 10.1093/jhered/90.6.613.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Pinto J, Donnelly MJ, Sousa CA, Malta-Vacas J, Gil V, Ferreira C, Petrarca V, do Rosario VE, Charlwood JD: An island within an island: genetic differentiation of Anopheles gambiae in Sao Tome, West Africa, and its relevance to malaria vector control. Heredity. 2003, 91: 407-414. 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800348.CrossRefPubMed Pinto J, Donnelly MJ, Sousa CA, Malta-Vacas J, Gil V, Ferreira C, Petrarca V, do Rosario VE, Charlwood JD: An island within an island: genetic differentiation of Anopheles gambiae in Sao Tome, West Africa, and its relevance to malaria vector control. Heredity. 2003, 91: 407-414. 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800348.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Simard F, Fontenille D, Lehmann T, Girod R, Brutus L, Gopaul R, Dournon C, Collins FH: High amounts of genetic differentiation between populations of the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis from West Africa and eastern outer islands. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999, 60: 1000-1009.PubMed Simard F, Fontenille D, Lehmann T, Girod R, Brutus L, Gopaul R, Dournon C, Collins FH: High amounts of genetic differentiation between populations of the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis from West Africa and eastern outer islands. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999, 60: 1000-1009.PubMed

go back to reference Donnelly MJ, Licht MC, Lehmann T: Evidence for recent population expansion in the evolutionary history of the malaria vectors Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles gambiae. Mol Biol Evol. 2001, 18: 1353-1364.CrossRefPubMed Donnelly MJ, Licht MC, Lehmann T: Evidence for recent population expansion in the evolutionary history of the malaria vectors Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles gambiae. Mol Biol Evol. 2001, 18: 1353-1364.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Tripet F, Toure YT, Taylor CE, Norris DE, Dolo G, Lanzaro GC: DNA analysis of transferred sperm reveals significant levels of gene flow between molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae. Mol Ecol. 2001, 10: 1725-1732. 10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01301.x.CrossRefPubMed Tripet F, Toure YT, Taylor CE, Norris DE, Dolo G, Lanzaro GC: DNA analysis of transferred sperm reveals significant levels of gene flow between molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae. Mol Ecol. 2001, 10: 1725-1732. 10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01301.x.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Tripet F, Toure YT, Dolo G, Lanzaro GC: Frequency of multiple inseminations in field-collected Anopheles gambiae females revealed by DNA analysis of transferred sperm. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003, 68: 1-5.PubMed Tripet F, Toure YT, Dolo G, Lanzaro GC: Frequency of multiple inseminations in field-collected Anopheles gambiae females revealed by DNA analysis of transferred sperm. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003, 68: 1-5.PubMed

go back to reference Chen H, Minakawa N, Beier J, Yan G: Population genetic structure of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes on Lake Victoria islands, west Kenya. Malar J. 2004, 3: 48-10.1186/1475-2875-3-48. [http://www.malariajournal.com/content/3/1/48]PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Chen H, Minakawa N, Beier J, Yan G: Population genetic structure of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes on Lake Victoria islands, west Kenya. Malar J. 2004, 3: 48-10.1186/1475-2875-3-48. [http://​www.​malariajournal.​com/​content/​3/​1/​48]PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Gillies MT, De Meillon B: The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara. 1968, Johannesburg: Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research No 54, 2 Gillies MT, De Meillon B: The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara. 1968, Johannesburg: Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research No 54, 2

go back to reference Mukwaya LG, Kayondo JK, Crabtree MB, Savage HM, Biggerstaff BJ, Miller BR: Genetic differentiation in the yellow fever virus vector, Aedes simpsoni complex, in Africa: sequence variation in the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers of anthropophilic and non-anthropophilic populations. Insect Mol Biol. 2000, 9: 85-91. 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2000.00161.x.CrossRefPubMed Mukwaya LG, Kayondo JK, Crabtree MB, Savage HM, Biggerstaff BJ, Miller BR: Genetic differentiation in the yellow fever virus vector, Aedes simpsoni complex, in Africa: sequence variation in the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers of anthropophilic and non-anthropophilic populations. Insect Mol Biol. 2000, 9: 85-91. 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2000.00161.x.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Scott JA, Brogdon WG, Collins FH: Identification of single specimens of the Anopheles gambiae complex by the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1993, 49: 520-529.PubMed Scott JA, Brogdon WG, Collins FH: Identification of single specimens of the Anopheles gambiae complex by the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1993, 49: 520-529.PubMed

go back to reference Wang R, Kafatos FC, Zheng L: Microsatellite markers and genotyping procedures for Anopheles gambiae. Parasitol Today. 1999, 15: 33-37. 10.1016/S0169-4758(98)01360-X.CrossRefPubMed Wang R, Kafatos FC, Zheng L: Microsatellite markers and genotyping procedures for Anopheles gambiae. Parasitol Today. 1999, 15: 33-37. 10.1016/S0169-4758(98)01360-X.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Zheng L, Benedict MQ, Cornel AJ, Collins FH, Kafatos FC: An integrated genetic map of the African human malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Genetics. 1996, 143: 941-952.PubMedCentralPubMed Zheng L, Benedict MQ, Cornel AJ, Collins FH, Kafatos FC: An integrated genetic map of the African human malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Genetics. 1996, 143: 941-952.PubMedCentralPubMed

go back to reference Raymond M, Rousset F: GENEPOP (Version 1.2): Population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenism. J Heredity. 1995, 86: 248-249. Raymond M, Rousset F: GENEPOP (Version 1.2): Population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenism. J Heredity. 1995, 86: 248-249.

go back to reference Schneider S, Roessli D, Excoffier L: ARLEQUIN, Version 2.000: A software for population genetics data analysis. 2000, Produced by the Genetics and Biometry Laboratory, University of Geneva, Switzerland Schneider S, Roessli D, Excoffier L: ARLEQUIN, Version 2.000: A software for population genetics data analysis. 2000, Produced by the Genetics and Biometry Laboratory, University of Geneva, Switzerland

go back to reference Dieringer D, Schlotterer C: Microsatellite analyzer (MSA): a platform independent analysis tool for large microsatellite data sets. Mol Ecol Notes. 2003, 3: 167-169. 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00351.x.CrossRef Dieringer D, Schlotterer C: Microsatellite analyzer (MSA): a platform independent analysis tool for large microsatellite data sets. Mol Ecol Notes. 2003, 3: 167-169. 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00351.x.CrossRef

go back to reference Van Oosterhout C, Hutchinson WF, Wills DPM, Shipley P: MICROCHECKER: Software for identifying and correcting genotyping errors in microsatellite data. Mol Ecol Notes. 2004, 4: 535-538. 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00684.x.CrossRef Van Oosterhout C, Hutchinson WF, Wills DPM, Shipley P: MICROCHECKER: Software for identifying and correcting genotyping errors in microsatellite data. Mol Ecol Notes. 2004, 4: 535-538. 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00684.x.CrossRef

go back to reference Wang J, Whitlock MC: Estimating effective population size and migration rates from genetic samples over space and time. Genetics. 2003, 163: 429-446.PubMedCentralPubMed Wang J, Whitlock MC: Estimating effective population size and migration rates from genetic samples over space and time. Genetics. 2003, 163: 429-446.PubMedCentralPubMed

go back to reference Waples RS: A generalized approach for estimating effective population size from temporal changes in allele frequency. Genetics. 1989, 121: 379-391.PubMedCentralPubMed Waples RS: A generalized approach for estimating effective population size from temporal changes in allele frequency. Genetics. 1989, 121: 379-391.PubMedCentralPubMed

go back to reference Lehmann T, Hawley WA, Grebert H, Collins FH: The effective population size of Anopheles gambiae in Kenya: implications for population structure. Mol Biol Evol. 1998, 15: 264-276.CrossRefPubMed Lehmann T, Hawley WA, Grebert H, Collins FH: The effective population size of Anopheles gambiae in Kenya: implications for population structure. Mol Biol Evol. 1998, 15: 264-276.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Nei M, Tajima F: Genetic drift and estimation of effective population size. Genetics. 1981, 98: 625-640.PubMedCentralPubMed Nei M, Tajima F: Genetic drift and estimation of effective population size. Genetics. 1981, 98: 625-640.PubMedCentralPubMed

go back to reference Tajima F, Nei M: Note on genetic drift and estimation of effective population size. Genetics. 1984, 106: 569-574.PubMedCentralPubMed Tajima F, Nei M: Note on genetic drift and estimation of effective population size. Genetics. 1984, 106: 569-574.PubMedCentralPubMed

go back to reference Slatkin M: A measure of population subdivision based on microsatellite allele frequencies. Genetics. 1995, 139: 457-462.PubMedCentralPubMed Slatkin M: A measure of population subdivision based on microsatellite allele frequencies. Genetics. 1995, 139: 457-462.PubMedCentralPubMed

go back to reference Hartl DL, Clark AG: Principles of Population Genetics. 1997, Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc Hartl DL, Clark AG: Principles of Population Genetics. 1997, Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc

go back to reference Colluzi M, Sabatini A, Petrarca V, Di Deco MA: Chromosomal differentiation and adaptation to human environments in the Anopheles gambiae complex. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1979, 73: 483-497. 10.1016/0035-9203(79)90036-1.CrossRef Colluzi M, Sabatini A, Petrarca V, Di Deco MA: Chromosomal differentiation and adaptation to human environments in the Anopheles gambiae complex. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1979, 73: 483-497. 10.1016/0035-9203(79)90036-1.CrossRef

go back to reference Petrarca V, Beier JC: Intraspecific chromosomal polymorphism in the Anopheles gambiae complex as a factor affecting malaria transmission in the Kisumu area of Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1992, 46: 229-237.PubMed Petrarca V, Beier JC: Intraspecific chromosomal polymorphism in the Anopheles gambiae complex as a factor affecting malaria transmission in the Kisumu area of Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1992, 46: 229-237.PubMed

go back to reference Mnzava AE, Rwegoshora RT, Wilkes TJ, Tanner M, Curtis CF: Anopheles arabiensis and An. gambiae chromosomal inversion polymorphism, feeding and resting behaviour in relation to insecticide house-spraying in Tanzania. Med Vet Entomol. 1995, 9: 316-324.CrossRefPubMed Mnzava AE, Rwegoshora RT, Wilkes TJ, Tanner M, Curtis CF: Anopheles arabiensis and An. gambiae chromosomal inversion polymorphism, feeding and resting behaviour in relation to insecticide house-spraying in Tanzania. Med Vet Entomol. 1995, 9: 316-324.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Smits A, Roelants P, Van Bortel W, Coosemans M: Enzyme polymorphisms in the Anopheles gambiae (Diptera:Culicidae) complex related to feeding and resting behavior in the Imbo Valley, Burundi. J Med Entomol. 1996, 33: 545-553.CrossRefPubMed Smits A, Roelants P, Van Bortel W, Coosemans M: Enzyme polymorphisms in the Anopheles gambiae (Diptera:Culicidae) complex related to feeding and resting behavior in the Imbo Valley, Burundi. J Med Entomol. 1996, 33: 545-553.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Garcia De Leon FJ, Chikhi L, Bonhomme F: Microsatellite polymorphism and population subdivision in natural populations of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax Linnaeus, 1758). Mol Ecol. 1997, 6: 51-62. 10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997.t01-1-00151.x.CrossRef Garcia De Leon FJ, Chikhi L, Bonhomme F: Microsatellite polymorphism and population subdivision in natural populations of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax Linnaeus, 1758). Mol Ecol. 1997, 6: 51-62. 10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997.t01-1-00151.x.CrossRef

go back to reference Callen DF, Thompson AD, Shen Y, Phillips HA, Richards RI, Mulley JC, Sutherland GR: Incidence and origin of "null" alleles in the (AC)n microsatellite markers. Am J Hum Genet. 1993, 52: 922-927.PubMedCentralPubMed Callen DF, Thompson AD, Shen Y, Phillips HA, Richards RI, Mulley JC, Sutherland GR: Incidence and origin of "null" alleles in the (AC)n microsatellite markers. Am J Hum Genet. 1993, 52: 922-927.PubMedCentralPubMed

go back to reference Paetkau D, Strobeck C: The molecular basis and evolutionary history of a microsatellite null allele in bears. Mol Ecol. 1995, 4: 519-520.CrossRefPubMed Paetkau D, Strobeck C: The molecular basis and evolutionary history of a microsatellite null allele in bears. Mol Ecol. 1995, 4: 519-520.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Donnelly MJ, Cuamba N, Charlwood JD, Collins FH, Townson H: Population structure in the malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis Patton, in East Africa. Heredity. 1999, 83: 408-417. 10.1038/sj.hdy.6885930.CrossRefPubMed Donnelly MJ, Cuamba N, Charlwood JD, Collins FH, Townson H: Population structure in the malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis Patton, in East Africa. Heredity. 1999, 83: 408-417. 10.1038/sj.hdy.6885930.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Lehmann T, Licht M, Gimnig JE, Hightower A, Vulule JM, Hawley WA: Spatial and temporal variation in kinship among Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes. J Med Entomol. 2003, 40: 421-429.CrossRefPubMed Lehmann T, Licht M, Gimnig JE, Hightower A, Vulule JM, Hawley WA: Spatial and temporal variation in kinship among Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes. J Med Entomol. 2003, 40: 421-429.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Coluzzi M, Sabatini A, Petrarca V, DiDeco MA: Chromosomal differentiation and adpatation to human environments in the Anopheles gambiae complex. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1979, 73: 483-497. 10.1016/0035-9203(79)90036-1.CrossRefPubMed Coluzzi M, Sabatini A, Petrarca V, DiDeco MA: Chromosomal differentiation and adpatation to human environments in the Anopheles gambiae complex. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1979, 73: 483-497. 10.1016/0035-9203(79)90036-1.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Coluzzi M, Petrarca V, Di Deco MA: Chromosomal inversion intergradation and incipient speciation in Anopheles gambiae. Boll Zool. 1985, 52: 45-63.CrossRef Coluzzi M, Petrarca V, Di Deco MA: Chromosomal inversion intergradation and incipient speciation in Anopheles gambiae. Boll Zool. 1985, 52: 45-63.CrossRef

go back to reference Coluzzi M, Sabatini A, Petrarca V, Di Deco MA: Behavioural divergences between mosquitoes with different inversion karyotypes in polymorphic populations of the Anopheles gambiae complex. Nature. 1977, 266: 832-833. 10.1038/266832a0.CrossRefPubMed Coluzzi M, Sabatini A, Petrarca V, Di Deco MA: Behavioural divergences between mosquitoes with different inversion karyotypes in polymorphic populations of the Anopheles gambiae complex. Nature. 1977, 266: 832-833. 10.1038/266832a0.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Costantini C, Li SG, Della Torre A, Sagnon N, Coluzzi M, Taylor CE: Density, survival and dispersal of Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes in a west African Sudan savanna village. Med Vet Entomol. 1996, 10: 203-219.CrossRefPubMed Costantini C, Li SG, Della Torre A, Sagnon N, Coluzzi M, Taylor CE: Density, survival and dispersal of Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes in a west African Sudan savanna village. Med Vet Entomol. 1996, 10: 203-219.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Whitlock MC, McCauley DE: Indirect measures of gene flow and migration: FST not equal to 1/(4Nm + 1). Heredity. 1999, 82: 117-125. 10.1038/sj.hdy.6884960.CrossRefPubMed Whitlock MC, McCauley DE: Indirect measures of gene flow and migration: FST not equal to 1/(4Nm + 1). Heredity. 1999, 82: 117-125. 10.1038/sj.hdy.6884960.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Kamau L, Lehmann T, Hawley WA, Orago AS, Collins FH: Microgeographic genetic differentiation of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes from Asembo Bay, western Kenya: a comparison with Kilifi in coastal Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998, 58: 64-69.PubMed Kamau L, Lehmann T, Hawley WA, Orago AS, Collins FH: Microgeographic genetic differentiation of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes from Asembo Bay, western Kenya: a comparison with Kilifi in coastal Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998, 58: 64-69.PubMed

go back to reference Lehmann T, Besansky NJ, Hawley WA, Fahey TG, Kamau L, Collins FH: Microgeographic structure of Anopheles gambiae in western Kenya based on mtDNA and microsatellite loci. Mol Ecol. 1997, 6: 243-253. 10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997.00177.x.CrossRefPubMed Lehmann T, Besansky NJ, Hawley WA, Fahey TG, Kamau L, Collins FH: Microgeographic structure of Anopheles gambiae in western Kenya based on mtDNA and microsatellite loci. Mol Ecol. 1997, 6: 243-253. 10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997.00177.x.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Lehmann T, Licht M, Elissa N, Maega BT, Chimumbwa JM, Watsenga FT, Wondji CS, Simard F, Hawley WA: Population structure of Anopheles gambiae in Africa. J Hered. 2003, 94: 133-147. 10.1093/jhered/esg024.CrossRefPubMed Lehmann T, Licht M, Elissa N, Maega BT, Chimumbwa JM, Watsenga FT, Wondji CS, Simard F, Hawley WA: Population structure of Anopheles gambiae in Africa. J Hered. 2003, 94: 133-147. 10.1093/jhered/esg024.CrossRefPubMed