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Open Access 01-12-2023 | Escherichia Coli | Research

Phage tailspike modularity and horizontal gene transfer reveals specificity towards E. coli O-antigen serogroups

Authors: Célia Pas, Agnieszka Latka, Lars Fieseler, Yves Briers

Published in: Virology Journal | Issue 1/2023

Abstract

Background

The interaction between bacteriophages and their hosts is intricate and highly specific. Receptor-binding proteins (RBPs) of phages such as tail fibers and tailspikes initiate the infection process. These RBPs bind to diverse outer membrane structures, including the O-antigen, which is a serogroup-specific sugar-based component of the outer lipopolysaccharide layer of Gram-negative bacteria. Among the most virulent Escherichia coli strains is the Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) pathotype dominated by a subset of O-antigen serogroups.

Methods

Extensive phylogenetic and structural analyses were used to identify and validate specificity correlations between phage RBP subtypes and STEC O-antigen serogroups, relying on the principle of horizontal gene transfer as main driver for RBP evolution.

Results

We identified O-antigen specific RBP subtypes for seven out of nine most prevalent STEC serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O104, O111, O145 and O157) and seven additional E. coli serogroups (O2, O8, O16, O18, 4s/O22, O77 and O78). Eight phage genera (Gamaleya-, Justusliebig-, Kaguna-, Kayfuna-, Kutter-, Lederberg-, Nouzilly- and Uetakeviruses) emerged for their high proportion of serogroup-specific RBPs. Additionally, we reveal sequence motifs in the RBP region, potentially serving as recombination hotspots between lytic phages.

Conclusion

The results contribute to a better understanding of mosaicism of phage RBPs, but also demonstrate a method to identify and validate new RBP subtypes for current and future emerging serogroups.

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Title: Phage tailspike modularity and horizontal gene transfer reveals specificity towards E. coli O-antigen serogroups
Authors: Célia Pas
Agnieszka Latka
Lars Fieseler
Yves Briers
Publication date: 01-12-2023
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keyword: Escherichia Coli
Published in: Virology Journal / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 1743-422X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-023-02138-4

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