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Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports

21-02-2024 | Endometriosis | REVIEW

Endometrial Determinism of Endometriosis: An Unnecessary Adjunct to Retrograde Menstruation

Authors: Marwan Habiba, Sun-Wei Guo, Giuseppe Benagiano

Published in: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The observation that retrograde menstruation is almost universal while only a small proportion of women suffer with endometriosis is among the most quoted challenges to Sampson’s hypothesis. Addressing this challenge has focused on identifying unique features in the endometrium of affected women. The assumption that endometriosis develops from an aberrant endometrium forms the cornerstone of “endometrial determinism.” This review appraises the evidence for endometrial aberrations starting with an appraisal of retrograde menstruation.

Recent Findings

The quantity of endometrial tissue in retrograde menstruation is not well defined and is probably small, variable and its characteristics remain largely unknown. There are well documented differences between the eutopic endometrium in the presence and absence of endometriosis. On the other hand, at least some of the endometrial aberrations in endometriosis are the result of the disease and similar “defects” have been identified in the absence of endometriosis.

Summary

The evidence provided here challenges endometrial determinism as the primum movens in endometriosis. Indeed, it is unclear that the theory is a necessary adjunct to Sampson’s hypothesis. Further research is needed that can further our understanding of the natural history or endometriosis and that can enable the development of novel theories of its pathogenesis.
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Metadata
Title
Endometrial Determinism of Endometriosis: An Unnecessary Adjunct to Retrograde Menstruation
Authors
Marwan Habiba
Sun-Wei Guo
Giuseppe Benagiano
Publication date
21-02-2024
Publisher
Springer US
Keyword
Endometriosis
Published in
Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports
Electronic ISSN: 2161-3303
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13669-024-00378-x