Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Hepatology International
Published in: Hepatology International 2/2022

01-04-2022 | Echocardiography | Review Article

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease association with structural heart, systolic and diastolic dysfunction: a meta-analysis

Authors: Jie Ning Yong, Cheng Han Ng, Chloe Wen-Min Lee, Yu Yi Chan, Ansel Shao Pin Tang, Margaret Teng, Darren Jun Hao Tan, Wen Hui Lim, Jingxuan Quek, Jieling Xiao, Yip Han Chin, Roger Foo, Mark Chan, Weiqin Lin, Mazen Noureddin, Mohammad Shadab Siddiqui, Mark D. Muthiah, Arun Sanyal, Nicholas W. S. Chew

Published in: Hepatology International | Issue 2/2022

Login to get access

Abstract

Objective

Several studies have documented a relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and structural heart disease, particularly diastolic function. This meta-analysis will be the first to examine the echocardiographic-derived cardiac function and structural characteristics in NAFLD patients, and its association with liver disease severity and metabolic profile.

Methods

Medline and Embase were searched and pairwise meta-analysis was conducted in DerSimonian and Laird to obtain the odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) for dichotomous and continuous variables, respectively, to compare the effects of NAFLD on the echocardiography parameters.

Results

Forty-one articles involving 33,891 patients underwent echocardiography. NAFLD patients had worse systolic indices with lower ejection fraction (EF, MD: − 0.693; 95% CI: − 1.112 to − 0.274; p = 0.001), and worse diastolic indices with higher E/e’ (MD: 1.575; 95% CI: 0.924 to 2.227; p < 0.001) compared to non-NAFLD patients. NAFLD patients displayed increased left ventricular mass (LVM, MD: 34.484; 95% CI: 26.236 to 42.732; p < 0.001) and epicardial adipose thickness (EAT, MD: 0.1343; 95% CI: 0.055 to 0.214; p = 0.001). An increased severity of NAFLD was associated with worse diastolic indices (decreased E/A ratio, p = 0.007), but not with systolic indices.

Conclusions

NAFLD is associated with impaired systolic and diastolic function with changes in cardiac structure. Concomitant metabolic risk factors and liver disease severity are independently associated with worsening systolic and diastolic function.

Graphical abstract

Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Muthiah MD, Sanyal AJ. Burden of disease due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2020;49(1):1–23CrossRefPubMed
2.
Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, Fazel Y, Henry L, Wymer M. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology 2016;64(1):73–84CrossRefPubMed
3.
Muthiah MD, Cheng Han N, Sanyal AJ. A clinical overview of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a guide to diagnosis, the clinical features, and complications-What the non-specialist needs to know. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021;24(2):3–14PubMed
4.
Huang DQ, El-Serag HB, Loomba R. Global epidemiology of NAFLD-related HCC: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021;18(4):223–238CrossRefPubMed
5.
Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, et al. The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 2018;67(1):328–357CrossRefPubMed
6.
EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2016;64(6):1388–1402
7.
8.
Bhatia RS, Tu JV, Lee DS, et al. Outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in a population-based study. N Engl J Med 2006;355(3):260–269CrossRefPubMed
9.
VanWagner LB, Wilcox JE, Ning H, et al. Longitudinal association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with changes in myocardial structure and function: The CARDIA Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2020;9(4): e014279CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
Borges-Canha M, Neves JS, Libânio D, et al. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiac function and structure—a meta-analysis. Endocrine 2019;66(3):467–476CrossRefPubMed
11.
Baragetti A, Pisano G, Bertelli C, et al. Subclinical atherosclerosis is associated with epicardial fat thickness and hepatic steatosis in the general population. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016;26(2):141–153CrossRefPubMed
12.
Wijarnpreecha K, Lou S, Panjawatanan P, et al. Association between diastolic cardiac dysfunction and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Liver Dis 2018;50(11):1166–1175CrossRefPubMed
13.
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021;372:71CrossRef
14.
15.
Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 2016;37(27):2129–2200CrossRefPubMed
16.
Hsu PF, Wang YW, Lin CC, et al. The association of the steatosis severity in fatty liver disease with coronary plaque pattern in general population. Liver Int 2021;41(1):81–90CrossRefPubMed
17.
Bae YS, Ko YS, Yun JM, Eo AY, Kim H. Association and prediction of subclinical atherosclerosis by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in asymptomatic patients. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;2020:8820445CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
Kim MK, Ahn CW, Nam JS, Kang S, Park JS, Kim KR. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and coronary artery calcification in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2015;22(12):1323–1327CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
19.
IntHout J, Ioannidis JPA, Borm GF. The Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method for random effects meta-analysis is straightforward and considerably outperforms the standard DerSimonian-Laird method. BMC Med Res Methodol 2014;14(1):25CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
20.
21.
Higgins JPT GS. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. In. 9.5.2 Identifying and measuring heterogeneity: The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011
22.
Tufanaru C, Munn Z, Stephenson M, Aromataris E. Fixed or random effects meta-analysis? Common methodological issues in systematic reviews of effectiveness. Int J Evid Based Healthc 2015;13(3):196–207CrossRefPubMed
23.
Munn Z, Moola S, Riitano D, Lisy K. The development of a critical appraisal tool for use in systematic reviews addressing questions of prevalence. Int J Health Policy Manag 2014;3(3):123–128CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Aksu E, Sokmen A, Ispiroglu M, Gisi K, Celik E, Aykan AC. Early cardiac electrical and structural changes in patients with non-obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Kardiologiia 2021;61(5):51–58CrossRefPubMed
25.
Baktir AO, Şarli B, Emre Altekin R, et al. Non alcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with subclinical impairment in left ventricular function measured by speckle tracking echocardiography. Anatol J Cardiol 2015;15(2):137–142CrossRefPubMed
26.
Fotbolcu H, Yakar T, Duman D, et al. Impairment of the left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cardiol J 2010;17(5):457–463PubMed
27.
Karabay CY, Kocabay G, Kalayci A, et al. Impaired left ventricular mechanics in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a speckle-tracking echocardiography study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014;26(3):325–331CrossRefPubMed
28.
Oguz D, Unal HU, Eroglu H, Gulmez O, Cevik H, Altun A. Aortic flow propagation velocity, epicardial fat thickness, and osteoprotegerin level to predict subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Anatol J Cardiol 2016;16(12):974–979PubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Sunbul M, Agirbasli M, Durmus E, et al. Arterial stiffness in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is related to fibrosis stage and epicardial adipose tissue thickness. Atherosclerosis 2014;237(2):490–493CrossRefPubMed
30.
Sunbul M, Kivrak T, Durmus E, et al. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis score is an independent predictor of right ventricular dysfunction in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cardiovasc Ther 2015;33(5):294–299CrossRefPubMed
31.
Topuz M, Dogan A, Celik A, Can C, Ozdogru I, Kemal EN. Investigation of the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and coronary artery disease. Clin Ter 2014;165(1):e46–51PubMed
32.
Yilmaz Y, Kurt R, Gurdal A, et al. Circulating vaspin levels and epicardial adipose tissue thickness are associated with impaired coronary flow reserve in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Atherosclerosis 2011;217(1):125–129CrossRefPubMed
33.
Cho KI, Jo EA, Cho SH, Kim BH. The influence of epicardial fat and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on heart rate recovery in metabolic syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2017;15(5):226–232CrossRefPubMed
34.
Chung GE, Lee JH, Lee H, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced fibrosis are associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Atherosclerosis 2018;272:137–144CrossRefPubMed
35.
Jung JY, Park SK, Ryoo JH, et al. Effect of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on left ventricular diastolic function and geometry in the Korean general population. Hepatol Res 2017;47(6):522–532CrossRefPubMed
36.
Kim NH, Park J, Kim SH, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome and subclinical cardiovascular changes in the general population. Heart 2014;100(12):938–943CrossRefPubMed
37.
Lee H, Kim G, Choi YJ, et al. Association between non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab J 2020;44(2):267–276CrossRefPubMed
38.
Lee M, Kim KJ, Chung TH, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diastolic dysfunction, and impaired myocardial glucose uptake in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021;23(4):1041–1051CrossRefPubMed
39.
Lee YH, Kim KJ, Yoo ME, et al. Association of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with subclinical myocardial dysfunction in non-cirrhotic patients. J Hepatol 2018;68(4):764–772CrossRefPubMed
40.
Brouha SS, Nguyen P, Bettencourt R, Sirlin CB, Loomba R. Increased severity of liver fat content and liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease correlate with epicardial fat volume in type 2 diabetes: a prospective study. Eur Radiol 2018;28(4):1345–1355CrossRefPubMed
41.
Donnellan E, Cotter TG, Wazni OM, et al. Impact of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on arrhythmia recurrence following atrial fibrillation ablation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2020;6(10):1278–1287CrossRefPubMed
42.
Iacobellis G, Barbarini G, Letizia C, Barbaro G. Epicardial fat thickness and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese subjects. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md) 2014;22(2):332–336CrossRef
43.
Miller A, McNamara J, Hummel SL, Konerman MC, Tincopa MA. Prevalence and staging of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Sci Rep 2020;10(1):12440CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Chang W, Wang Y, Sun L, Yu D, Li Y, Li G. Evaluation of left atrial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, NY) 2019;36(7):1290–1297CrossRef
45.
Huang J, Huang Q, Chen XZ, Zhou F, He JQ, Wang XL. A study of the relationship between cardiac diastolic function and liver function in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World Chin J Digestol 2009;17(21):2198–2202CrossRef
46.
Wang Q, Ma W, Xia J. Nonalcoholic fatty liver is associated with further left ventricular abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 3-dimensional speckle-tracking study. J Ultrasound Med 2018;37(8):1899–1911CrossRefPubMed
47.
Zhang Z, Wang P, Guo F, et al. Chronic heart failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: prevalence, clinical features, and relevance. J Int Med Res 2018;46(9):3959–3969CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
48.
Bonapace S, Perseghin G, Molon G, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2012;35(2):389–395CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
49.
Fallo F, Dalla Pozza A, Sonino N, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in essential hypertension. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2009;19(9):646–653CrossRefPubMed
50.
Mantovani A, Pernigo M, Bergamini C, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is independently associated with early left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2015;10(8): e0135329CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
51.
Trovato FM, Martines GF, Catalano D, Musumeci G, Pirri C, Trovato GM. Echocardiography and NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). Int J Cardiol 2016;221:275–279CrossRefPubMed
52.
Elsawaby AS, Al-Fiky RA, Mohamed AE, et al. Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Egypt J Internal Med 2019;31(2):191–198CrossRef
53.
Mahfouz RA, Gouda M, Galal I, Ghareb MS. Interatrial septal fat thickness and left atrial stiffness are mechanistic links between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and incident atrial fibrillation. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, NY) 2019;36(2):249–256CrossRef
54.
Metwaly A, Khalik AA, Nasr FM, Sabry AI, Gouda MF, Hassan M. Brain natriuretic peptide in liver cirrhosis and fatty liver: correlation with cardiac performance. Electron Physician 2016;8(2):1984–1993CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
55.
Khoshbaten M, Parkhideh S, Toufan M. Comparison of left ventricular function between patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and healthy individuals. Biomed Pharmacol J 2015;8(2):749–754CrossRef
56.
Zamirian M, Samiee E, Moaref A, Abtahi F, Tahamtan M. Assessment of subclinical myocardial changes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A case-control study using speckle tracking echocardiography. Iran J Med Sci 2018;43(5):466–472
57.
Goland S, Shimoni S, Zornitzki T, et al. Cardiac abnormalities as a new manifestation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: echocardiographic and tissue Doppler imaging assessment. J Clin Gastroenterol 2006;40(10):949–955CrossRefPubMed
58.
Psychari SN, Rekleiti N, Papaioannou N, et al. Epicardial fat in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: properties and relationships with metabolic factors, cardiac structure, and cardiac function. Angiology 2016;67(1):41–48CrossRefPubMed
59.
de Freitas Diniz TB, de Jesus RN, Jimenez LS, Pareja JC, Chaim EA, Cazzo E. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with impairment of ejection fraction among individuals with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery: results of a cross-sectional study. Obes Surg 2020;30(2):456–460CrossRefPubMed
60.
Moise CG, Donoiu I, Tartea G-C, Mirea O, Rogoveanu I. Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function in young adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Curr Health Sci J 2021;47(1):23–27PubMedPubMedCentral
61.
Sewan HS, Aljumaily HS. Frequency of left ventricle dysfunction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Nafld) patients detected by global longitudinal strain and tissue Doppler imaging in Babylon province in Iraq. Medico-Legal Update 2021;21(1):1380–1386
62.
Styczynski G, Kalinowski P, Michalowski L, et al. Cardiac morphology, function, and hemodynamics in patients with morbid obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Am Heart Assoc 2021;10(8):e017371CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
63.
Saluja M, Kumar K, Swami YK, Meena SR, Goyal S. Association between non- alcoholic fatty liver disease and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients of type 2 diabetes. J Assoc Physicians India 2019;67(8):20–24PubMed
64.
Kotronen A, Yki-Järvinen H. Fatty liver: a novel component of the metabolic syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008;28(1):27–38CrossRefPubMed
65.
Adams LA, Waters OR, Knuiman MW, Elliott RR, Olynyk JK. NAFLD as a risk factor for the development of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome: an eleven-year follow-up study. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104(4):861–867CrossRefPubMed
66.
Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Afendy M, et al. Changes in the prevalence of the most common causes of chronic liver diseases in the United States from 1988 to 2008. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;9(6):524–530CrossRefPubMed
67.
Leite NC, Salles GF, Araujo AL, Villela-Nogueira CA, Cardoso CR. Prevalence and associated factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Liver Int 2009;29(1):113–119CrossRefPubMed
68.
Petta S, Valenti L, Bugianesi E, Targher G, Bellentani S, Bonino F. A “systems medicine” approach to the study of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Liver Dis 2016;48(3):333–342CrossRefPubMed
69.
Mikolasevic I, Milic S, Turk Wensveen T, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease—a multisystem disease? World J Gastroenterol 2016;22(43):9488–9505CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
70.
Petta S, Argano C, Colomba D, et al. Epicardial fat, cardiac geometry and cardiac function in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: association with the severity of liver disease. J Hepatol 2015;62(4):928–933CrossRefPubMed
71.
Pacifico L, Di Martino M, De Merulis A, et al. Left ventricular dysfunction in obese children and adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2014;59(2):461–470CrossRefPubMed
72.
Mitter SS, Shah SJ, Thomas JD. A test in context: E/A and E/e’ to assess diastolic dysfunction and LV filling pressure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;69(11):1451–1464CrossRefPubMed
73.
Polyzos SA, Kechagias S, Tsochatzis EA. Review article: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases: associations and treatment considerations. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021;54(8):1013–1025CrossRefPubMed
74.
Canada JM, Abbate A, Collen R, et al. Relation of hepatic fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to left ventricular diastolic function and exercise tolerance. Am J Cardiol 2019;123(3):466–473CrossRefPubMed
75.
Sanchez AA, Levy PT, Sekarski TJ, et al. Markers of cardiovascular risk, insulin resistance, and ventricular dysfunction and remodeling in obese adolescents. J Pediatr 2015;166(3):660–665CrossRefPubMed
76.
Belke DD, Betuing S, Tuttle MJ, et al. Insulin signaling coordinately regulates cardiac size, metabolism, and contractile protein isoform expression. J Clin Invest 2002;109(5):629–639CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
77.
Wan SH, Vogel MW, Chen HH. Pre-clinical diastolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63(5):407–416CrossRefPubMed
78.
Liu B, Li Y, Li Y, et al. Association of epicardial adipose tissue with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis. Hep Intl 2019;13(6):757–765CrossRef
79.
Dai S, Harrist RB, Rosenthal GL, Labarthe DR. Effects of body size and body fatness on left ventricular mass in children and adolescents: Project HeartBeat! Am J Prev Med 2009;37(1 Suppl):S97–104CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
80.
Ratziu V, Sanyal AJ, Loomba R, et al. REGENERATE: Design of a pivotal, randomised, phase 3 study evaluating the safety and efficacy of obeticholic acid in patients with fibrosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Contemp Clin Trials 2019;84:105803CrossRefPubMed
81.
Younossi ZM, Loomba R, Rinella ME, et al. Current and future therapeutic regimens for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2018;68(1):361–371CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease association with structural heart, systolic and diastolic dysfunction: a meta-analysis
Authors
Jie Ning Yong
Cheng Han Ng
Chloe Wen-Min Lee
Yu Yi Chan
Ansel Shao Pin Tang
Margaret Teng
Darren Jun Hao Tan
Wen Hui Lim
Jingxuan Quek
Jieling Xiao
Yip Han Chin
Roger Foo
Mark Chan
Weiqin Lin
Mazen Noureddin
Mohammad Shadab Siddiqui
Mark D. Muthiah
Arun Sanyal
Nicholas W. S. Chew
Publication date
01-04-2022
Publisher
Springer India
Published in
Hepatology International / Issue 2/2022
Print ISSN: 1936-0533
Electronic ISSN: 1936-0541
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-022-10319-6

Other articles of this Issue 2/2022

Hepatology International 2/2022 Go to the issue

Correction

Correction to: Consensus on the secondary prevention of primary liver cancer

Correction

Correction to: APASL clinical practice guideline on hepatitis B reactivation related to the use of immunosuppressive therapy

Letter to the Editor

Immune checkpoint inhibitors in chronic hepatitis B: therapy or high-risk factor for reactivation?

Original Article

Cost-effectiveness of antiviral therapy in untreated compensated cirrhosis patient with serum HBV–DNA level < 2000 IU/mL

Letter to the Editor

‘Hepatic tuberculosis: a sheep in wolf’s clothing’. Author response

Letter to the Editor

Hepatic tuberculosis: a sheep in wolf’s clothing
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits