Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

LIVE: Thursday 2nd May 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

Quality sleep is essential for health. But what happens to our brains when sleep patterns are disturbed? Join our experts to explore the interplay between sleep disruption and neurological diseases, and the questions that you need to be asking your patients to help you prevent the harmful effects of sleep deprivation.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
International Journal of Hematology

01-04-2024 | Direct Oral Anticoagulant | Progress in Hematology

Clinical guidelines for prevention and treatment of CAT in Japan and other countries

Author: Yoshinobu Seki

Published in: International Journal of Hematology

Login to get access

Abstract

Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is an important prognostic factor for an increasing number of cancer patients. Understanding of CAT among cancer care providers has grown in recent years, and guidelines for the prevention and treatment of CAT have been published in Japan and around the world. In this article, we introduce these major guidelines and discuss differences we identified between the Japanese guidelines and those of other countries, with a focus on problems and issues. Insurance coverage of low-molecular-weight heparin and indications for primary prevention with direct oral anticoagulants in particular require urgent consideration.
Literature
1.
2.
Bouillard JB, Bouillaud S. De l’Obliteration des veines et de son influence sur la formation des hydropisies partielles: consideration sur la hydropisies passive et general. Arch Gen Med. 1823;1:188–204.
3.
Trousseau A. Plegmasia alba dolens. Lectures on clinical medicine, delivered at the Hotel-Dieu, Paris. 1865;5:281–332.
4.
Sack GH, Levin J, Bell WR. Trousseau’s syndrome and other manifestations of chronic disseminated coagulopathy in patients with neoplasms: clinical, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic features. Medicine (Baltimore). 1977;56:1–37.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Heit JA. Relative impact of risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:1245–8.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Lecumberri R, Marqués M, Panizo E, et al. High incidence of venous thromboembolism despite electronic alerts for thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized cancer patients. Thromb Haemost. 2013;110:184–90.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Blom JW, Doggen CJ, Osanto S, et al. Malignancies, prothrombotic mutations, and the risk of venous thrombosis. JAMA. 2005;293:715–22.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Timp JF, Braekkan SK, Versteeg HH, et al. Epidemiology of cancer-associated venous thrombosis. Blood. 2013;122:1712–23.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Walker AJ, Card TR, West J, et al. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer—a cohort study using linked United Kingdom databases. Eur J Cancer. 2013;49:1404–13.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Khorana AA, Francis CW, Ova EC, et al. Thromboembolism is a leading cause of death in cancer patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy. J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5:634–5.CrossRef
11.
Nakamura M, Miyata T, Ozeki Y, et al. Venous thromboembolism management and outcomes in Japan—Nationwide The Japan Venous Thromboembolism Treatment Registry Observational Study. Circ J. 2014;78:708–17.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Rickles FR. Mechanisms of cancer-induced thrombosis in cancer. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb. 2006;35:103–10.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Rak J, Milsom C, May L, et al. Tissue factor in cancer and angiogenesis: the molecular link between genetic tumor progression, tumor neovascularization, and cancer coagulopathy. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2006;32:54–70.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Rak J, Yu JL, Luyendyk J, et al. Oncogenes, Trousseau syndrome, and cancer-related changes in the coagulome of mice and humans. Cancer Res. 2006;66:10643–6.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Falanga A, Gordon SG. Isolation and characterization of cancer procoagulant: a cysteine proteinase from malignant tissue. Biochemistry. 1985;24:5558–67.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Kim YJ, Borsig L, Han HL, et al. Distinct selectin ligands on colon carcinoma mucins can mediate pathological interactions among platelets, leukocytes, and endothelium. Am J Pathol. 1999;155:461–72.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
17.
Varki NM, Varki A. Heparin inhibition of selectin mediated interactions during the hematogenous phase of carcinoma metastasis: rationale for clinical studies in humans. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2002;28:53–66.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Wahrenbrock M, Borsig L, Le D, et al. Selectin-mucin interactions as a probable molecular explanation for the association of Trousseau syndrome with mucinous adenocarcinomas. J Clin Invest. 2003;112:853–62.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
19.
Boccaccio C, Sabatino G, Medico E, et al. The MET oncogene drives a genetic programme linking cancer to haemostasis. Nature. 2005;434:396–400.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Boccaccio C, Comoglio PM. A functional role for hemostasis in early cancer development. Cancer Res. 2005;65:8579–82.PubMedCrossRef
21.
22.
Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Pulmonary Thromboembolism and Deep Vein Thrombosis (JCS 2017, in Japanese). 2017:1–93.
23.
Onco-cardiology Guidelines. Nankodo Tokyo; 2023. 1–83.
24.
Collins R, Scrimgeour A, Yusuf S, et al. Reduction in fatal pulmonary embolism and venous thrombosis by perioperative administration of subcutaneous heparin. Overview of results of randomized trials in general, orthopedic, and urologic surgery. N Engl J Med 1988;318:1162–1173.
25.
26.
Leyvraz PF, Richard J, Bachmann F, et al. Adjusted versus fixed-dose subcutaneous heparin in the prevention of deep-vein thrombosis after total hip replacement. N Engl J Med. 1983;309:954–8.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Hull R, Raskob G, Pineo G, et al. A comparison of subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin with warfarin sodium for prophylaxis against deep-vein thrombosis after hip or knee implantation. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1370–6.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Fuji T, Ochi T, Niwa S, et al. Prevention of postoperative venous thromboembolism in Japanese patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty: two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies with three dosage regimens of enoxaparin. J Orthop Sci. 2008;13:442–51.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Fuji T, Fujita S. Efficacy of fondaparinux sodium in the prevention of venous thromboembolism after hip fracture surgery. Fracture. 2008;30:206–9. (In Japanese).
30.
Fuji T, Fujita S, Tachibana S, et al. A dose-ranging study evaluating the oral factor Xa inhibitor edoxaban for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. J Thromb Haemost. 2010;8:2458–68.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Galiè N, Humbert M, Vachiery JL, et al. 2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: The Joint Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS): Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). Eur Heart J. 2016;37:67–119.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Ghofrani HA, D’Armini AM, Grimminger F, et al. CHEST-1 Study Group. Riociguat for the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:319–29.
33.
Streiff MB, Holmstrom B, Angelini D, et al. Cancer-associated venous thromboembolic disease, version 2.2021, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2021;19:1181–201.
34.
35.
36.
Khorana AA, Kuderer NM, Culakova E, et al. Development and validation of a predictive model for chemotherapy associated thrombosis. Blood. 2008;111:4902–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
37.
38.
Farge D, Frere C, Connors JM, et al. 2022 International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer, including patients with COVID-19. Lancet Oncol. 2022;23:e334–47.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
39.
Farge D, Debourdeau P, Beckers M, et al. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. J Thromb Haemost. 2013;11:56–70.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008;336:924–6.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
41.
Farge D, Bounameaux H, Brenner B, et al. International clinical practice guidelines including guidance for direct oral anticoagulants in the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17:e452–66.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Farge D, Frere C, Connors JM, et al. 2019 International Clinical Practice Guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20:e566–81.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Connors JM, Levy JH. COVID-19 and its implications for thrombosis and anticoagulation. Blood. 2020;135:2033–40.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Key NS, Khorana AA, Kuderer NM, et al. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer: ASCO guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2023;41:3063–71.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Lyman GH, Khorana AA, Falanga A, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline: recommendations for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:5490–505.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Lyman GH, Khorana AA, Kuderer NM, et al. Venous thromboembolismprophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:2189–204.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Lyman GH, Bohlke K, Khorana AA, et al. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update 2014. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:654–6.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
48.
Key NS, Khorana AA, Kuderer NM, et al. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer: ASCO clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38:496–520.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Shojania KG, Sampson M, Ansari MT, et al. How quickly do systematic reviews go out of date? A survival analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:224–33.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Falanga1 A, Ay C, Nisio MD, et al. Venous thromboembolism in cancer patients: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline. Ann Oncol. 2023;34:452–67.
51.
Lyman GH, Carrier M, Ay C, et al. American Society of Hematology 2021 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: prevention and treatment in patients with cancer. Blood Adv. 2021;5:927–74.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
52.
53.
Gibson S, Thornton J, Sunderland K, et al. Multiple myeloma in adolescent and young adults: an ASCO CancerLinQ and SEER analysis. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2023;23:e335–40.PubMedCrossRef
54.
Scanlona LR, Khaksari B, Goel S, et al. Direct oral anticoagulant (DOACs) prescribing practices of members of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology and American Society of Clinical Oncology. Gynecol Oncol. 2023;173:68–73.CrossRef
55.
Muñoz A, Ay C, Grilz E, et al. A clinical-genetic risk score for predicting cancer-associated venous thromboembolism: a development and validation study involving two independent prospective cohorts. J Clin Oncol. 2023;41:2911–25.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
56.
Li A, La J, May SB, et al. Derivation and validation of a clinical risk assessment model for cancer-associated thrombosis in two unique US Health Care Systems. J Clin Oncol. 2023;41:2926–38.
57.
Lee AYY, Levine MN, Baker RI, et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:146–53.PubMedCrossRef
58.
59.
Labelle M, Hynes RO. The initial hours of metastasis: the importance of cooperative host–tumor cell interactions during hematogenous dissemination. Cancer Discov. 2012;2:1091–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
60.
Raskob GE, van Es N, Verhamme P, et al. Hokusai VTE Cancer Investigators. Edoxaban for the treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:615–24.
61.
Young AM, Marshall A, Thirlwall J, et al. Comparison of an oral factor Xa inhibitor with low molecular weight heparin in patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism: results of a randomized trial (SELECT-D). J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:2017–23.PubMedCrossRef
62.
McBane RD, Wysokinski WE, Le-Rademacher JG, et al. Apixaban and dalteparin in active malignancy-associated venous thromboembolism: the ADAM VTE trial. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18:411–21.PubMedCrossRef
63.
Agnelli G, Becattini C, Meyer G, et al. Caravaggio Investigators. Apixaban for the treatment of venous thromboembolism associated with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1599–607.
64.
65.
Schrag D, Uno H, Rosovsky RPG, et al. The comparative effectiveness of direct oral anti-coagulants and low molecular weight heparins for prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in cancer: the CANVAS pragmatic randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39:12020.CrossRef
66.
67.
Khorana AA, Kuderer NM, Culakova E, et al. Development and validation of a predictive model for chemotherapy-associated thrombosis. Blood. 2008;111:4902–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
68.
Ay C, Dunkler D, Marosi C, et al. Prediction of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients. Blood. 2010;116:5377–82.PubMedCrossRef
69.
Ay C, Simanek R, Vormittag R, et al. High plasma levels of soluble P-selectin are predictive of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients: results from the Vienna Cancer and Thrombosis Study (CATS). Blood. 2008;112:2703–8.PubMedCrossRef
70.
Ay C, Vormittag R, Dunkler D, et al. D-dimer and prothrombin fragment 1+2 predict venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: results from the Vienna cancer and thrombosis study. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:4124–9.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Pabinger I, van Es N, Heinze G, et al. A clinical prediction model for cancer-associated venous thromboembolism: a development and validation study in two independent prospective cohorts. Lancet Haematol. 2018;5:e289–98.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
72.
Verzeroli C, Giaccherini C, Russo L, et al. Utility of the Khorana and the new-Vienna CATS prediction scores in cancer patients of the HYPERCAN cohort. J Thromb Haemost. 2023;21:1869–81.PubMedCrossRef
73.
Minds Clinical Practice Guideline Development Manual 2020 ver. 3.0. Japan Council for Quality Health Care.
Metadata
Title
Clinical guidelines for prevention and treatment of CAT in Japan and other countries
Author
Yoshinobu Seki
Publication date
01-04-2024
Publisher
Springer Nature Singapore
Published in
International Journal of Hematology
Print ISSN: 0925-5710
Electronic ISSN: 1865-3774
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-024-03736-w
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Watch now

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Image Credits