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BMC Oral Health
Published in: BMC Oral Health 1/2023

Open Access 01-12-2023 | Diabetes | Research

Association and comparison of periodontal and oral hygiene status with serum HbA1c levels: a cross-sectional study

Authors: Abid Rahim, Sabreen Hassan, Naeem Ullah, Nawal Noor, Ahmed, Rimsha Rafique, Farhad Ali Khattak, Saima Afaq

Published in: BMC Oral Health | Issue 1/2023

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Abstract

Background

Diabetes Mellitus and periodontitis are chronic diseases with known reciprocal association. Studies have shown that uncontrolled diabetes increases the risk of development and progression of periodontal disease. This study aimed to explore the association and severity of periodontal clinical parameters and oral hygiene with HbA1c levels in non-diabetics and T2DM patients.

Materials and methods

In this cross-sectional study, the periodontal status of 144 participants, categorized into non-diabetics, controlled T2DM, and uncontrolled T2DM and were assessed via the Community Periodontal Index (CPI), Loss of Attachment Index (LOA index), and the number of missing teeth, while oral hygiene was measured by utilizing the Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S). SPSS was used for data analysis. Chi-square test was used to find out the association of different independent variables with HbA1c groups, while ANOVA and post-hoc tests were run for inter-group and intra-group comparison respectively.

Results

Out of 144 participants, the missing dentition was prevalent in uncontrolled T2DM with mean 2.64 ± 1.97 (95% CI 2.07–3.21; p = 0.01) followed by controlled T2DM 1.70 ± 1.79 (95% CI 1.18–2.23; p = 0.01) and non-diabetics 1.35 ± 1.63 (95% CI 0.88–1.82; p = 0.01) respectively. Furthermore, non-diabetics had a higher proportion of CPI score 0 (Healthy) [30 (20.8%); p = 0.001] as compared to uncontrolled T2DM [6 (4.2%); p = 0.001], while CPI score 3 was more prevalent in uncontrolled T2DM in comparison to non-diabetics. Loss of attachment (codes-2,3 and 4) was also frequently observed in uncontrolled T2DM compared to non-diabetics (p = 0.001). Similarly, based on Oral Hygiene Index- Simplified (OHI-S), the result showed that poor oral hygiene was most commonly observed in uncontrolled T2DM 29 (20.1%) followed by controlled T2DM patients 22 (15.3%) and non-diabetic [14 (9.7%); p = 0.03].

Conclusion

This study showed that periodontal status and oral hygiene status were deteriorated in uncontrolled T2DM patients compared to non-diabetic participants and controlled T2DM.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Association and comparison of periodontal and oral hygiene status with serum HbA1c levels: a cross-sectional study
Authors
Abid Rahim
Sabreen Hassan
Naeem Ullah
Nawal Noor
Ahmed
Rimsha Rafique
Farhad Ali Khattak
Saima Afaq
Publication date
01-12-2023
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Oral Health / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6831
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03042-7

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