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European Review of Aging and Physical Activity

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Open Access 01-12-2019 | Dementia | Review article

Recommended motor assessments based on psychometric properties in individuals with dementia: a systematic review

Authors: Sandra Trautwein, Philipp Maurus, Bettina Barisch-Fritz, Anela Hadzic, Alexander Woll

Published in: European Review of Aging and Physical Activity | Issue 1/2019

Abstract

Background

Motor assessments are important to determine effectiveness of physical activity in individuals with dementia (IWD). However, inappropriate and non-standardised assessments without sound psychometric properties have been used. This systematic review aims to examine psychometric properties of motor assessments in IWD combined with frequency of use and effect sizes and to provide recommendations based on observed findings.

We performed a two-stage systematic literature search using Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ALOIS, and Scopus (inception - July/September 2018, English and German). The first search purposed to identify motor assessments used in randomised controlled trials assessing effectiveness of physical activity in IWD and to display their frequency of use and effect sizes. The second search focused on psychometric properties considering influence of severity and aetiology of dementia and cueing on test-retest reliability. Two reviewers independently extracted and analysed findings of eligible studies in a narrative synthesis.

Results

Literature searches identified 46 randomised controlled trials and 21 psychometric property studies. While insufficient information was available for validity, we observed sufficient inter-rater and relative test-retest reliability but unacceptable absolute test-retest reliability for most assessments. Combining these findings with frequency of use and effect sizes, we recommend Functional Reach Test, Groningen Meander Walking Test (time), Berg Balance Scale, Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment, Timed Up & Go Test, instrumented gait analysis (spatiotemporal parameters), Sit-to-Stand assessments (repetitions> 1), and 6-min walk test. It is important to consider that severity and aetiology of dementia and cueing influenced test-retest reliability of some assessments.

Conclusion

This review establishes an important foundation for future investigations. Sufficient relative reliability supports the conclusiveness of recommended assessments at group level, while unacceptable absolute reliability advices caution in assessing intra-individual changes. Moreover, influences on test-retest reliability suggest tailoring assessments and instructions to IWD and applying cueing only where it is inevitable. Considering heterogeneity of included studies and insufficient examination in various areas, these recommendations are not comprehensive. Further research, especially on validity and influences on test-retest reliability, as well as standardisation and development of tailored assessments for IWD is crucial.

This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018105399).

Available only for authorised users

defined as all types of physical activity that are planned, structured, repetitive, and purposive aiming to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness [33]

This summary utilises psychometric property terms indicated in original studies. These terms have not been consistently used throughout the literature and should have been adapted according to the COSMIN checklist [41].

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Title: Recommended motor assessments based on psychometric properties in individuals with dementia: a systematic review
Authors: Sandra Trautwein
Philipp Maurus
Bettina Barisch-Fritz
Anela Hadzic
Alexander Woll
Publication date: 01-12-2019
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Dementia
Dementia
Published in: European Review of Aging and Physical Activity / Issue 1/2019
Print ISSN: 1813-7253
Electronic ISSN: 1861-6909
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-019-0228-z

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