CD4+ helper T cells help the function of other immune cells and are thereby critical immune cells for the host defense against infection with harmful microorganisms. Thus, this population plays a central role in adaptive immunity. However, CD4+ helper T cells can also be involved in the pathology of various immune-related inflammatory diseases, including allergic diseases and auto-immune diseases [1, 2] (Fig. 1). In the classical point of view, helper T cells were recognized to have two major fates, T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells, but recent advances in research have revealed opportunities for diverse helper T cell subsets, beyond Th1 and Th2 cells. The new subsets of helper T cells include follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, Th9, Th17, Th22, and different types of regulatory T cells [3‐6].
WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.