Characterization of tomato leaf curl purple vein virus, a new monopartite New World begomovirus infecting tomato in Northeast Brazil

A new begomovirus species was identified from tomato plants with upward leaf curling and purple vein symptoms, which was first identified in the Piaui state of Northeast (NE) Brazil in 2014. Tomato leaf samples were collected in 2014 and 2016, and PCR with degenerate primers revealed begomovirus infection. Rolling circle amplification and restriction enzyme digestion indicated a single genomic DNA of ~ 2.6 kb. Cloning and sequencing revealed a genome organization similar to DNA-A components of New World (NW) bipartite begomoviruses, with no DNA-B. The complete nucleotide sequence had the highest identity (80%) with the DNA-A of Macroptilium yellow spot virus (MacYSV), and phylogenetic analyses showed it is a NW begomovirus that clusters with MacYSV and Blainvillea yellow spot virus, also from NE Brazil. Tomato plants agroinoculated with a dimeric clone of this genomic DNA developed upward leaf curling and purple vein symptoms, indistinguishable from those observed in the field. Based on agroinoculation, this virus has a narrow host range, mainly within the family Solanaceae. Co-inoculation experiments with tomato severe rugose virus and tomato mottle leaf curl virus, the two predominant begomoviruses infecting tomato in Brazil, revealed a synergistic interaction among these begomoviruses. The name Tomato leaf curl purple vein virus (ToLCPVV) is proposed for this new begomovirus.