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Journal of Neuroinflammation
Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation 1/2020

Open Access 01-12-2020 | Central Nervous System Trauma | Review

Cellular infiltration in traumatic brain injury

Authors: Aftab Alam, Eric P. Thelin, Tamara Tajsic, Danyal Z. Khan, Abdelhakim Khellaf, Rickie Patani, Adel Helmy

Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation | Issue 1/2020

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Abstract

Traumatic brain injury leads to cellular damage which in turn results in the rapid release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that prompt resident cells to release cytokines and chemokines. These in turn rapidly recruit neutrophils, which assist in limiting the spread of injury and removing cellular debris. Microglia continuously survey the CNS (central nervous system) compartment and identify structural abnormalities in neurons contributing to the response. After some days, when neutrophil numbers start to decline, activated microglia and astrocytes assemble at the injury site—segregating injured tissue from healthy tissue and facilitating restorative processes. Monocytes infiltrate the injury site to produce chemokines that recruit astrocytes which successively extend their processes towards monocytes during the recovery phase. In this fashion, monocytes infiltration serves to help repair the injured brain. Neurons and astrocytes also moderate brain inflammation via downregulation of cytotoxic inflammation. Depending on the severity of the brain injury, T and B cells can also be recruited to the brain pathology sites at later time points.
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Metadata
Title
Cellular infiltration in traumatic brain injury
Authors
Aftab Alam
Eric P. Thelin
Tamara Tajsic
Danyal Z. Khan
Abdelhakim Khellaf
Rickie Patani
Adel Helmy
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Neuroinflammation / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1742-2094
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-020-02005-x

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