Skip to main content
Top
Published in: AIDS and Behavior 3/2019

01-03-2019 | Care | Original Paper

Exploring the Relationship Between Foster Care Experiences and HIV Risk Behaviors Among a Sample of Homeless Former Foster Youth

Authors: Amanda Yoshioka-Maxwell, Eric Rice

Published in: AIDS and Behavior | Issue 3/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

Recent research shows high rates of poor behavioral health outcomes among homeless former foster youth, including increased risk for HIV-risk behaviors. In the current study, data were collected from 184 youth at drop-in centers in Los Angeles using behavioral health questionnaires to explore the relationships between specific aspects of foster care experiences and engagement in HIV-risk behaviors. Results indicated that youth whose first homelessness experience occurred before leaving foster care were significantly more likely to engage in drug use with sex and exchange sex than those whose first homelessness experience occurred after leaving foster care. Intervention services targeting HIV-risk behaviors should consider the aspects of foster care placements that may increase the risk of these behaviors, such as long periods of placement or experiencing homelessness before exiting foster care, as well as those that may decrease the risk of these behaviors, such as exiting placement at an older age.
Literature
1.
go back to reference National Alliance to End Homelessness. The state of homelessness in America. 2017. National Alliance to End Homelessness. The state of homelessness in America. 2017.
2.
go back to reference Reilly T. Transition from care: status and outcomes of youth who age out of foster care. Child Welf. 2003;82(6). Reilly T. Transition from care: status and outcomes of youth who age out of foster care. Child Welf. 2003;82(6).
3.
go back to reference Courtney ME, Piliavin I, Grogan-Kaylor A, Nesmith A. Foster youth transitions to adulthood: Outcomes 12 to 18 months after leaving out-of-home care. Madison: School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1998. Courtney ME, Piliavin I, Grogan-Kaylor A, Nesmith A. Foster youth transitions to adulthood: Outcomes 12 to 18 months after leaving out-of-home care. Madison: School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1998.
4.
go back to reference Roman NP, Wolfe P. Web of failure: the relationship between foster care and homelessness. Washington, DC: National Alliance to End Homelessness; 1995. Roman NP, Wolfe P. Web of failure: the relationship between foster care and homelessness. Washington, DC: National Alliance to End Homelessness; 1995.
5.
go back to reference Dworsky A, Dillman KN, Dion R, Coffee-Borden B, Rosenau M. Housing for youth aging out of foster care: a review of the literature and program typology. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Policy Development and Research; 2012. Dworsky A, Dillman KN, Dion R, Coffee-Borden B, Rosenau M. Housing for youth aging out of foster care: a review of the literature and program typology. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Policy Development and Research; 2012.
6.
go back to reference Hudson A, Nandy K. Comparisons of substance abuse, high-risk sexual behavior and depressive symptoms among homeless youth with and without a history of foster care placement. Contemp Nurse. 2012;42(2):178–86.CrossRef Hudson A, Nandy K. Comparisons of substance abuse, high-risk sexual behavior and depressive symptoms among homeless youth with and without a history of foster care placement. Contemp Nurse. 2012;42(2):178–86.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Courtney ME, Dworsky AL, Cusick GR, Havlicek J, Perez A, Keller TE. Midwest evaluation of the adult functioning of former foster youth: outcomes at age 21. Chicago: Chapin Hall Center for Children at the University of Chicago; 2007. Courtney ME, Dworsky AL, Cusick GR, Havlicek J, Perez A, Keller TE. Midwest evaluation of the adult functioning of former foster youth: outcomes at age 21. Chicago: Chapin Hall Center for Children at the University of Chicago; 2007.
8.
go back to reference Brook J, Rifenbark GG, Boulton A, Little TD, McDonald TP. Risk and protective factors for drug use among youth living in foster care. Child Adolesc Soc Work J. 2015;32(2):155–65.CrossRef Brook J, Rifenbark GG, Boulton A, Little TD, McDonald TP. Risk and protective factors for drug use among youth living in foster care. Child Adolesc Soc Work J. 2015;32(2):155–65.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Carpenter SC, Clyman RB, Davidson AJ, Steiner JF. The association of foster care or kinship care with adolescent sexual behavior and first pregnancy. Pediatrics. 2001;108(3):e46.CrossRef Carpenter SC, Clyman RB, Davidson AJ, Steiner JF. The association of foster care or kinship care with adolescent sexual behavior and first pregnancy. Pediatrics. 2001;108(3):e46.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference DiClemente RJ, Crittenden CP, Rose E, Sales JM, Wingood GM, Crosby RA, Salazar LF. Psychosocial predictors of HIV-associated sexual behaviors and the efficacy of prevention interventions in adolescents at-risk for HIV infection: what works and what doesn’t work? Psychosom Med. 2008;70(5):598–605.CrossRef DiClemente RJ, Crittenden CP, Rose E, Sales JM, Wingood GM, Crosby RA, Salazar LF. Psychosocial predictors of HIV-associated sexual behaviors and the efficacy of prevention interventions in adolescents at-risk for HIV infection: what works and what doesn’t work? Psychosom Med. 2008;70(5):598–605.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Vaughn MG, Ollie MT, McMillen JC, Scott L Jr, Munson M. Substance use and abuse among older youth in foster care. Addict Behav. 2007;32(9):1929–35.CrossRef Vaughn MG, Ollie MT, McMillen JC, Scott L Jr, Munson M. Substance use and abuse among older youth in foster care. Addict Behav. 2007;32(9):1929–35.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference White CR, O’Brien K, White J, Pecora PJ, Phillips CM. Alcohol and drug use among alumni of foster care: decreasing dependency through improvement of foster care experiences. J Behav Health Serv Res. 2008;35(4):419–34.CrossRef White CR, O’Brien K, White J, Pecora PJ, Phillips CM. Alcohol and drug use among alumni of foster care: decreasing dependency through improvement of foster care experiences. J Behav Health Serv Res. 2008;35(4):419–34.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Yoshioka-Maxwell A, Rice E, Rhoades H, Winetrobe H. Methamphetamine use among homeless former foster youth: the mediating role of social networks. J Alcohol Drug Depend. 2015;3(2):197.PubMedPubMedCentral Yoshioka-Maxwell A, Rice E, Rhoades H, Winetrobe H. Methamphetamine use among homeless former foster youth: the mediating role of social networks. J Alcohol Drug Depend. 2015;3(2):197.PubMedPubMedCentral
14.
go back to reference Jones L. Measuring resiliency and its predictors in recently discharged foster youth. Child Adolesc Soc Work J. 2012;29(6):515–33.CrossRef Jones L. Measuring resiliency and its predictors in recently discharged foster youth. Child Adolesc Soc Work J. 2012;29(6):515–33.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Ahrens KR, Richardson LP, Courtney ME, McCarty C, Simoni J, Katon W. Laboratory-diagnosed sexually transmitted infections in former foster youth compared with peers. Pediatrics. 2010;126. Ahrens KR, Richardson LP, Courtney ME, McCarty C, Simoni J, Katon W. Laboratory-diagnosed sexually transmitted infections in former foster youth compared with peers. Pediatrics. 2010;126.
16.
go back to reference Benjet C, Borges G, Medina-Mora ME, Méndez E. Chronic childhood adversity and stages of substance use involvement in adolescents. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013;131(1–2):85–91.CrossRef Benjet C, Borges G, Medina-Mora ME, Méndez E. Chronic childhood adversity and stages of substance use involvement in adolescents. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013;131(1–2):85–91.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Black MM, Oberlander SE, Lewis T, Knight ED, Zolotor AJ, Litrownik AJ, Thompson R, Dubowitz H, English DE. Sexual intercourse among adolescents maltreated before age 12: a prospective investigation. Pediatrics. 2009;124(3):941–9.CrossRef Black MM, Oberlander SE, Lewis T, Knight ED, Zolotor AJ, Litrownik AJ, Thompson R, Dubowitz H, English DE. Sexual intercourse among adolescents maltreated before age 12: a prospective investigation. Pediatrics. 2009;124(3):941–9.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Kerr T, Stoltz JA, Marshall BD, Lai C, Strathdee SA, Wood E. Childhood trauma and injection drug use among high-risk youth. J Adolesc Health. 2009;45(3):300–2.CrossRef Kerr T, Stoltz JA, Marshall BD, Lai C, Strathdee SA, Wood E. Childhood trauma and injection drug use among high-risk youth. J Adolesc Health. 2009;45(3):300–2.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Schilling EA, Aseltine RH, Gore S. Adverse childhood experiences and mental health in young adults: a longitudinal survey. BMC public health. 2007;7(1):30.CrossRef Schilling EA, Aseltine RH, Gore S. Adverse childhood experiences and mental health in young adults: a longitudinal survey. BMC public health. 2007;7(1):30.CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Barman-Adhikari A, Hsu HT, Begun S, Portillo AP, Rice E. Condomless sex among homeless youth: the role of multidimensional social norms and gender. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(3):688–702.CrossRef Barman-Adhikari A, Hsu HT, Begun S, Portillo AP, Rice E. Condomless sex among homeless youth: the role of multidimensional social norms and gender. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(3):688–702.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Rew L, Taylor-Seehafer M, Thomas N. Without parental consent: conducting research with homeless adolescents. J Spec Pediatr Nurs. 2000;5(3):131–8.CrossRef Rew L, Taylor-Seehafer M, Thomas N. Without parental consent: conducting research with homeless adolescents. J Spec Pediatr Nurs. 2000;5(3):131–8.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Boyer CB, Greenberg L, Chutuape K, Walker B, Monte D, Kirk J, Ellen JM. Adolescent Medicine Trials Network Exchange of sex for drugs or money in adolescents and young adults: an examination of sociodemographic factors, HIV-related risk, and community context. J Community Health. 2017;42(1):90–100.CrossRef Boyer CB, Greenberg L, Chutuape K, Walker B, Monte D, Kirk J, Ellen JM. Adolescent Medicine Trials Network Exchange of sex for drugs or money in adolescents and young adults: an examination of sociodemographic factors, HIV-related risk, and community context. J Community Health. 2017;42(1):90–100.CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Nyamathi A, Hudson A, Greengold B, Leake B. Characteristics of homeless youth who use cocaine and methamphetamine. Am J Addict. 2012;21(3):243–9.CrossRef Nyamathi A, Hudson A, Greengold B, Leake B. Characteristics of homeless youth who use cocaine and methamphetamine. Am J Addict. 2012;21(3):243–9.CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Collins ME, Spencer R, Ward R. Supporting youth in the transition fromfoster care: formal and informal connections. Child Welf. 2010;89(1):125–43. Collins ME, Spencer R, Ward R. Supporting youth in the transition fromfoster care: formal and informal connections. Child Welf. 2010;89(1):125–43.
25.
go back to reference Courtney ME, Dworsky A. Early outcomes for young adults transitioning from out-of-home care in the USA. Child Fam Soc Work. 2006;11(3):209–19.CrossRef Courtney ME, Dworsky A. Early outcomes for young adults transitioning from out-of-home care in the USA. Child Fam Soc Work. 2006;11(3):209–19.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Newton RR, Litrownik AJ, Landsverk JA. Children and youth in foster care: disentangling the relationship between problem behaviors and number of placements. Child Abuse Negl. 2000;24(10):1363–74.CrossRef Newton RR, Litrownik AJ, Landsverk JA. Children and youth in foster care: disentangling the relationship between problem behaviors and number of placements. Child Abuse Negl. 2000;24(10):1363–74.CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Rice E. HIV risks in large social networks of homeless youth [data file]. Los Angeles: University of Southern California, School of Social Work; 2012. Rice E. HIV risks in large social networks of homeless youth [data file]. Los Angeles: University of Southern California, School of Social Work; 2012.
28.
go back to reference Yoshioka-Maxwell A. Former foster youth typology of risk: pre-existing risk factors and homelessness. St. Paul, MN: CW360°:The Impact of Housing and Homelessness on Child Well-Being; 2017. Yoshioka-Maxwell A. Former foster youth typology of risk: pre-existing risk factors and homelessness. St. Paul, MN: CW360°:The Impact of Housing and Homelessness on Child Well-Being; 2017.
29.
go back to reference Yoshioka-Maxwell AC, Rhoades H, Rice E, Winetrobe H. Homeless Young adults with and without a history of foster care: correlates of sexual risk behavior. J Sex Reprod Med, in press. Yoshioka-Maxwell AC, Rhoades H, Rice E, Winetrobe H. Homeless Young adults with and without a history of foster care: correlates of sexual risk behavior. J Sex Reprod Med, in press.
30.
go back to reference Barman-Adhikari A, Hsu HT, Begun S, Portillo AP, Rice E. Condomless sex among homeless youth: the role of multidimensional social norms and gender. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(3):688–702.CrossRef Barman-Adhikari A, Hsu HT, Begun S, Portillo AP, Rice E. Condomless sex among homeless youth: the role of multidimensional social norms and gender. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(3):688–702.CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Brener ND, Collins JL, Kann L, Warren CW, Williams BI. Reliability of the youth risk behavior survey questionnaire. Am J Epidemiol. 1995;141(6):575–80.CrossRef Brener ND, Collins JL, Kann L, Warren CW, Williams BI. Reliability of the youth risk behavior survey questionnaire. Am J Epidemiol. 1995;141(6):575–80.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference SAS Institute Inc. Base SAS® 9.3 procedures guide. Version 9. Cary, NC: SAS; 2017. SAS Institute Inc. Base SAS® 9.3 procedures guide. Version 9. Cary, NC: SAS; 2017.
33.
go back to reference Courtney ME, Terao S, Bost N. Midwest evaluation of the adult functioning of former foster youth: conditions of youth preparing to leave state care. Chicago: Chapin Hall Center for Children at the University of Chicago; 2004. Courtney ME, Terao S, Bost N. Midwest evaluation of the adult functioning of former foster youth: conditions of youth preparing to leave state care. Chicago: Chapin Hall Center for Children at the University of Chicago; 2004.
34.
go back to reference Haley N, Roy É, Leclerc P, Boudreau JF, Boivin JF. HIV risk profile of male street youth involved in survival sex. Sex Transm Infect. 2004;80(6):526–30.CrossRef Haley N, Roy É, Leclerc P, Boudreau JF, Boivin JF. HIV risk profile of male street youth involved in survival sex. Sex Transm Infect. 2004;80(6):526–30.CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Solorio MR, Rosenthal D, Milburn NG, Weiss RE, Batterham PJ, Gandara M, Rotheram-Borus MJ. Predictors of sexual risk behaviors among newly homeless youth: a longitudinal study. J Adolesc Health. 2008;42(4):401–9.CrossRef Solorio MR, Rosenthal D, Milburn NG, Weiss RE, Batterham PJ, Gandara M, Rotheram-Borus MJ. Predictors of sexual risk behaviors among newly homeless youth: a longitudinal study. J Adolesc Health. 2008;42(4):401–9.CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Tucker JS, Wenzel SL, Golinelli D, Kennedy DP, Ewing B, Wertheimer S. Understanding heterosexual condom use among homeless men. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(5):1637–44.CrossRef Tucker JS, Wenzel SL, Golinelli D, Kennedy DP, Ewing B, Wertheimer S. Understanding heterosexual condom use among homeless men. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(5):1637–44.CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Young SD, Rice E. Online social networking technologies, HIV knowledge, and sexual risk and testing behaviors among homeless youth. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(2):253–60.CrossRef Young SD, Rice E. Online social networking technologies, HIV knowledge, and sexual risk and testing behaviors among homeless youth. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(2):253–60.CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Yoshioka-Maxwell A, Rice E. Exploring the impact of network characteristics on substance use outcomes among homeless former foster youth. Int J Public Health. 2017;62(3):371–8.CrossRef Yoshioka-Maxwell A, Rice E. Exploring the impact of network characteristics on substance use outcomes among homeless former foster youth. Int J Public Health. 2017;62(3):371–8.CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Braciszewski JM, Wernette GK, Moore RS, Bock BC, Stout RL, Chamberlain P. A pilot randomized controlled trial of a technology-based substance use intervention for youth exiting foster care. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2018;94:466–76.CrossRef Braciszewski JM, Wernette GK, Moore RS, Bock BC, Stout RL, Chamberlain P. A pilot randomized controlled trial of a technology-based substance use intervention for youth exiting foster care. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2018;94:466–76.CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Rana Y, Brown RA, Kennedy DP, Ryan GW, Stern S, Tucker JS. Understanding condom use decision making among homeless youth using event-level data. j Sex Res. 2015;52(9):1064–74.CrossRef Rana Y, Brown RA, Kennedy DP, Ryan GW, Stern S, Tucker JS. Understanding condom use decision making among homeless youth using event-level data. j Sex Res. 2015;52(9):1064–74.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Exploring the Relationship Between Foster Care Experiences and HIV Risk Behaviors Among a Sample of Homeless Former Foster Youth
Authors
Amanda Yoshioka-Maxwell
Eric Rice
Publication date
01-03-2019
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
AIDS and Behavior / Issue 3/2019
Print ISSN: 1090-7165
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3254
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-019-02417-8

Other articles of this Issue 3/2019

AIDS and Behavior 3/2019 Go to the issue
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.