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01-03-2021 | Biomarkers | CLINICAL

Centrosome amplification: a quantifiable cancer cell trait with prognostic value in solid malignancies

Authors: Karuna Mittal, Jaspreet Kaur, Meghan Jaczko, Guanhao Wei, Michael S. Toss, Emad A. Rakha, Emiel Adrianus Maria Janssen, Håvard Søiland, Omer Kucuk, Michelle Dian Reid, Meenakshi V. Gupta, Ritu Aneja

Published in: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews | Issue 1/2021

Abstract

Numerical and/or structural centrosome amplification (CA) is a hallmark of cancers that is often associated with the aberrant tumor karyotypes and poor clinical outcomes. Mechanistically, CA compromises mitotic fidelity and leads to chromosome instability (CIN), which underlies tumor initiation and progression. Recent technological advances in microscopy and image analysis platforms have enabled better-than-ever detection and quantification of centrosomal aberrancies in cancer. Numerous studies have thenceforth correlated the presence and the degree of CA with indicators of poor prognosis such as higher tumor grade and ability to recur and metastasize. We have pioneered a novel semi-automated pipeline that integrates immunofluorescence confocal microscopy with digital image analysis to yield a quantitative centrosome amplification score (CAS), which is a summation of the severity and frequency of structural and numerical centrosome aberrations in tumor samples. Recent studies in breast cancer show that CA increases across the disease progression continuum, while normal breast tissue exhibited the lowest CA, followed by cancer-adjacent apparently normal, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive tumors, which showed the highest CA. This finding strengthens the notion that CA could be evolutionarily favored and can promote tumor progression and metastasis. In this review, we discuss the prevalence, extent, and severity of CA in various solid cancer types, the utility of quantifying amplified centrosomes as an independent prognostic marker. We also highlight the clinical feasibility of a CA-based risk score for predicting recurrence, metastasis, and overall prognosis in patients with solid cancers.

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Title: Centrosome amplification: a quantifiable cancer cell trait with prognostic value in solid malignancies
Authors: Karuna Mittal
Jaspreet Kaur
Meghan Jaczko
Guanhao Wei
Michael S. Toss
Emad A. Rakha
Emiel Adrianus Maria Janssen
Håvard Søiland
Omer Kucuk
Michelle Dian Reid
Meenakshi V. Gupta
Ritu Aneja
Publication date: 01-03-2021
Publisher: Springer US
Keyword: Biomarkers
Published in: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews / Issue 1/2021
Print ISSN: 0167-7659
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7233
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-020-09937-z

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