Top

Trials

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2022 | Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | Study protocol

Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy on aggressive behavior in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and emotion dysregulation: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial

Authors: C. Vacher, L. Romo, M. Dereure, M. Soler, M. C. Picot, D. Purper-Ouakil

Published in: Trials | Issue 1/2022

Abstract

Background

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequently associated with emotional dysregulation (ED). ED is characterized by excessive and inappropriate emotional reactions compared to social norms, uncontrolled and rapid shifts in emotion, and attention focused on emotional stimuli. Few studies have evaluated non-pharmacological interventions to improve ED in children with ADHD. The current randomized controlled trial assesses the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention compared with a theater-based intervention (TBI) in children with ADHD and ED.

Methods

Sixty-eight 7- to 13-year-old children with ADHD and ED will be recruited and randomly assigned to the CBT or TBI group. CBT aims to reduce ED by teaching anger management strategies. TBI seeks to reduce ED by improving emotion understanding and expression through mimics and movement. In both groups, children participate in 15 1-h sessions, and parents participate in 8 sessions of a parent management program. The primary outcome measure is the change in the “Aggression” sub-score of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Secondary outcome measures include overall impairment (Children’s Global Assessment Scale, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), personality profile (Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children), executive function (Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function), quality of life (Kidscreen-27), parental stress (Parenting Stress Index, 4th edition), parental depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II), and impact of child disorders on the quality of the family life (Parental Quality of Life and Developmental Disorder).

Discussion

Children with ADHD and ED are at risk of functional impairment and poor outcomes and have specific therapeutic needs. This randomized controlled trial wants to assess non-pharmacological treatment options for this population.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov. NCT03176108. Registered on June 5, 2017.

Abidin RR. Parenting stress index [Spanish, French and Portuguese translations]. Lutz, FL: PAR; 1983.

Abidin RR. Parenting stress index professional manual. 4th ed. Lutz, FL: PAR; 2012.

Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA. Manual For the ASEBA School-Age Forms & Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth & Families; 2001.

Aitken M, Battaglia M, Marino C, Mahendran N, Andrade BF. Clinical utility of the CBCL Dysregulation Profile in children with disruptive behavior. J Affect Disord. 2019;253:87–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.034.CrossRefPubMed

Althoff RR. Dysregulated children reconsidered. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr. 2010;49(4):302–5.

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition). Am Psychiatr Assoc. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.

Anastopoulos AD, Smith TF, Garrett ME, Morrissey-Kane E, Schatz NK, Sommer JL, et al. Self-regulation of emotion, functional impairment, and comorbidity among children with AD/HD. J Atten Disord. 2011;15(7):583–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054710370567.CrossRefPubMed

Baghdadli A, Pry R, Michelon C, Rattaz C. Impact of autism in adolescents on parental quality of life. Qual Life Res. 2014;23(6):1859–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-014-0635-6.CrossRefPubMed

Banaschewski T, Becker K, Döpfner M, Holtmann M, Rösler M, Romanos M. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder : a current overview. Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online. 2017;114(9):149–59. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2017.0149.CrossRef

10.

Banaschewski T, Jennen-Steinmetz C, Brandeis D, Buitelaar JK, Kuntsi J, Poustka L, et al. Neuropsychological correlates of emotional lability in children with ADHD : Neuropsychological correlates of emotional lability. J Child Psychol Psychiatr. 2012;53(11):1139–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02596.x.CrossRef

11.

Bartels M, Hendriks A, Mauri M, Krapohl E, Whipp A, Bolhuis K, et al. Childhood aggression and the co-occurrence of behavioural and emotional problems : results across ages 3–16 years from multiple raters in six cohorts in the EU-ACTION project. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatr. 2018;27(9):1105–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1169-1.CrossRef

12.

Battagliese, G., Caccetta, M., Luppino, O. I., Baglioni, C., Cardi, V., Mancini, F., & Buonanno, C. (2015). Cognitivebehavioral therapy for externalizing disorders : A meta-analysis of treatment effectiveness. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 75, 60–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.10.008

13.

Berdeaux G, Hervié C, Smajda C, Marquis P. Parental quality of life and recurrent ENT infections in their children : Development of a questionnaire. Qual Life Res. 1998;7(6):501–12. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008874324258.CrossRefPubMed

14.

Biederman J, Petty CR, Day H, Goldin RL, Spencer T, Faraone SV, et al. Severity of the aggression/anxiety-depression/attention Child Behavior Checklist profile discriminates between different levels of deficits in emotional regulation in youth with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2012;33(3):236–43. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e3182475267.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

15.

Blader JC, Pliszka SR, Kafantaris V, Sauder C, Posner J, Foley CA, et al. Prevalence and treatment outcomes of persistent negative mood among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and aggressive behavior. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2016;26(2):164–73. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2015.0112.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

16.

Braet C, Theuwis L, Van Durme K, Vandewalle J, Vandevivere E, Wante L, et al. Emotion regulation in children with emotional problems. Cogn Ther Res. 2014;38(5):493–504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-014-9616-x.CrossRef

17.

Brotman MA, Kircanski K, Stringaris A, Pine DS, Leibenluft E. Irritability in youths : a translational model. Am J Psychiatr. 2017;174(6):520–32. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16070839.CrossRefPubMed

18.

Bruno A, Celebre L, Torre G, Pandolfo G, Mento C, Cedro C, et al. Focus on disruptive mood dysregulation disorder : a review of the literature. Psychiatr Res. 2019;279:323–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.05.043.CrossRef

19.

Bui HT, Mackie L, Hoang PA, Tran TT. Exploring the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for Vietnamese adolescents with anger problems. Kasetsart J Soc Sci. 2018;S2452315117305465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2018.05.013.

20.

Bunford N, Evans SW, Becker SP, Langberg JM. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and social skills in youth : a moderated mediation model of emotion dysregulation and depression. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2015a;43(2):283–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9909-2.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

21.

Bunford N, Evans SW, Wymbs F. ADHD and Emotion Dysregulation Among Children and Adolescents. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2015b;18(3):185–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-015-0187-5.CrossRefPubMed

22.

Caro-Cañizares I, Serrano-Drozdowskyj E, Pfang B, Baca-García E, Carballo JJ. SDQ Dysregulation Profile and Its Relation to the Severity of Psychopathology and Psychosocial Functioning in a Sample of Children and Adolescents With ADHD. J Atten Disord. 2020;24(11):1557–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054717691829.CrossRefPubMed

23.

Corbett BA, Blain SD, Ioannou S, Balser M. Changes in anxiety following a randomized control trial of a theatre-based intervention for youth with autism spectrum disorder. Autism. 2017;21(3):333–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361316643623.CrossRefPubMed

24.

Corbett BA, Key AP, Qualls L, Fecteau S, Newsom C, Coke C, et al. Improvement in social competence using a randomized trial of a theatre intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2016;46(2):658–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2600-9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

25.

Crick NR, Dodge KA. Social Information-Processing Mechanisms in Reactive and Proactive Aggression. Child Dev. 1996;67(3):993–1002. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131875.CrossRefPubMed

26.

D’Ambrogio T, Speranza M. Approche psychopharmacologique des troubles du comportement chez l’enfant et l’adolescent. Neuropsychiatrie de l’Enfance et de l’Adolescence. 2012;60(1):52–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurenf.2011.10.010.CrossRef

27.

De Caluwé E, Decuyper M, De Clercq B. The Child Behavior Checklist dysregulation profile predicts adolescent DSM-5 pathological personality traits 4 years later. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatr. 2013;22(7):401–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-013-0379-9.CrossRef

28.

de la Cruz F, Simonoff E, McGough JJ, Halperin JM, Arnold LE, Stringaris A. Treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and irritability : results from the multimodal treatment study of children with ADHD (MTA). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr. 2015;54(1):62–70.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.10.006.CrossRef

29.

Derella OJ, Johnston OG, Loeber R, Burke JD. CBT-enhanced emotion regulation as a mechanism of improvement for childhood irritability. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2019;48(sup1):S146–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2016.1270832.CrossRefPubMed

30.

Elmaghrabi S, Nahmias MJ, Adamo N, Di Martino A, Somandepalli K, Patel V, et al. Is increased response time variability related to deficient emotional self-regulation in children with ADHD? J Atten Disord. 2020;24(7):1045–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054718788950.CrossRefPubMed

31.

Fabiano GA, Schatz NK, Aloe AM, Chacko A, Chronis-Tuscano A. A systematic review of meta-analyses of psychosocial treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2015;18(1):77–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-015-0178-6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

32.

Faraone SV, Rostain AL, Blader J, Busch B, Childress AC, Connor DF, et al. Practitioner review : emotional dysregulation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - implications for clinical recognition and intervention. J Child Psychol Psychiatr. 2018;60(2):133–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12899.CrossRef

33.

Felsman P, Seifert CM, Himle JA. The use of improvisational theater training to reduce social anxiety in adolescents. Arts Psychother. 2019;63:111–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2018.12.001.CrossRef

34.

Furlong M, McGilloway S, Bywater T, Hutchings J, Smith SM, Donnelly M. Cochrane review : behavioural and cognitive-behavioural group-based parenting programmes for early-onset conduct problems in children aged 3 to 12 years (Review). Evidence-Based Child Health Cochrane Rev J. 2013;8(2):318–692. https://doi.org/10.1002/ebch.1905.CrossRef

35.

Gadow KD, Arnold LE, Molina BSG, Findling RL, Bukstein OG, Brown NV, et al. Risperidone added to parent training and stimulant medication : effects on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and peer aggression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr. 2014;53(9):948–959.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.05.008.CrossRef

36.

Ghanizadeh A, Haghighi HB. How do ADHD children perceive their cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects of anger expression in school setting? Child Adolesc Psychiatr Mental Health. 2010;4(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-4-4.

37.

Glass KL, Guli LA, Semrud-Clikeman M. Social competence intervention program : a pilot program for the development of social competence. J Psychother Indep Pract. 2000;1(4):21–33. https://doi.org/10.1300/J288v01n04_03.CrossRef

38.

Hannesdottir DK, Ingvarsdottir E, Bjornsson A. The OutSMARTers Program for Children With ADHD : a pilot study on the effects of social skills, self-regulation, and executive function training. J Atten Disord. 2017;21(4):353–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054713520617.CrossRefPubMed

39.

Herbert SD, Harvey EA, Roberts JL, Wichowski K, Lugo-Candelas CI. A randomized controlled trial of a parent training and emotion socialization program for families of hyperactive preschool-aged children. Behav Ther. 2013;44(2):302–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2012.10.004.CrossRefPubMed

40.

Holtmann M, Buchmann AF, Esser G, Schmidt MH, Banaschewski T, Laucht M. The Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulation Profile predicts substance use, suicidality, and functional impairment : a longitudinal analysis: CBCL-DP long-term outcome. J Child Psychol Psychiatr. 2011;52(2):139–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02309.x.CrossRef

41.

Jairam R, Prabhuswamy M, Dullur P. Do we really know how to treat a child with bipolar disorder or one with severe mood dysregulation? Is there a magic bullet? Depression Res Treat. 2012;2012:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/967302.CrossRef

42.

Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D, Rao U, Flynn C, Moreci P, et al. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) : initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr. 1997;36(7):980–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021.CrossRef

43.

Kircanski K, Clayton ME, Leibenluft E, Brotman MA. Psychosocial treatment of irritability in youth. Curr Treat Options Psychiatr. 2018;5(1):129–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40501-018-0141-5.CrossRef

44.

Kircanski K, Craske MG, Averbeck BB, Pine DS, Leibenluft E, Brotman MA. Exposure therapy for pediatric irritability : theory and potential mechanisms. Behav Res Ther. 2019;118:141–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2019.04.007.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

45.

Krueger KR, Murphy JW, Bink AB. Thera-prov : A pilot study of improv used to treat anxiety and depression. J Mental Health. 2019;28(6):621–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2017.1340629.CrossRef

46.

Kutlu A, Akyol Ardic U, Ercan ES. Effect of methylphenidate on emotional dysregulation in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder + oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017;37(2):220–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0000000000000668.CrossRefPubMed

47.

Larson J, Lochman JE, Meichenbaum D. Helping school children cope with anger: a cognitive-behavioral intervention (Paperback ed): Guilford Press; 2005.

48.

Le HH, Hodgkins P, Postma MJ, Kahle J, Sikirica V, Setyawan J, et al. Economic impact of childhood/adolescent ADHD in a European setting : the Netherlands as a reference case. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatr. 2014;23(7):587–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-013-0477-8.CrossRef

49.

Lee AH, DiGiuseppe R. Anger and aggression treatments : a review of meta-analyses. Curr Opin Psychol. 2018;19:65–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.04.004.CrossRefPubMed

50.

Lochman JE, Curry JF, Dane H, Ellis M. The anger coping program : an empirically-supported treatment for aggressive children. Resid Treat Child Youth. 2001;18(3):63–73. https://doi.org/10.1300/J007v18n03_06.CrossRef

51.

Lochman, J. E., & Lenhart, L. A. (1993). Anger coping intervention for aggressive children : conceptual models and outcome effects. Clin Psychol Rev, 13(8), 785–805. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(05)80006-6

52.

Loeber R, Green SM, Lahey BB, Frick PJ, McBurnett K. No title found. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2000;3(1):37–60. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009567419190.CrossRefPubMed

53.

Maire J, Galéra C, Meyer E, Salla J, Michel G. Is emotional lability a marker for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety and aggression symptoms in preschoolers? Child Adolesc Mental Health. 2017;22(2):77–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12168.CrossRef

54.

Masi G, Muratori P, Manfredi A, Pisano S, Milone A. Child behaviour checklist emotional dysregulation profiles in youth with disruptive behaviour disorders : Clinical correlates and treatment implications. Psychiatr Res. 2015a;225(1-2):191–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.019.CrossRef

55.

Masi G, Pisano S, Milone A, Muratori P. Child Behavior Checklist dysregulation profile in children with disruptive behavior disorders : a longitudinal study. J Affect Disord. 2015b;186:249–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.069.CrossRefPubMed

56.

Massé, L. (2001). Effets additifs d'un programme d'intervention behaviorale-cognitive adressé à des élèves du primaire présentant des troubles du comportement et d'un programme de formation adressé à leurs parents. Conférence internationale “Violence à l'école et politiques publiques” organisée par l'Observatoire européen de la violence scolaire, Paris, 6 mars

57.

Massé L, Lanaris C, Boudreault F. Programme d’intervention multidimensionnelle à l'intention d'élèves TDAH intégrés dans leur classe ordinaire: bilan (rapport de recherche). Québec: Direction de l'adaptation scolaire, ministère de l’Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport du Québec; 2005.

58.

Massé L, Verreault M, Verret C, Lageix P, Guay MC. Longitudinal impacts of a multimodal intervention program addressed to ADHD children and their parents on children’s social skills and behavior problems. ADHD Atten Deficit Hyperactivity Disord. 2009;1(1):146–7.

59.

Massé L, Verret C, Boudreault F. Mieux gérer sa colère et sa frustration. Chenelière Éducation, Montréal, 2012.

60.

Massé L, Verret C, Verreault M, Boudreault F. Mieux vivre avec le TDA/H à la maison : Programme pour aider les parents à mieux composer au quotidien avec le TDA/H de leur enfant. Chenelière Éducation, Montréal, 2011.

61.

McCandless S, O’ Laughlin, L. The Clinical Utility of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) in the Diagnosis of ADHD. J Atten Disord. 2007;10(4):381–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054706292115.CrossRefPubMed

62.

McQuade JD, Breaux RP. Are elevations in ADHD symptoms associated with physiological reactivity and emotion dysregulation in children? J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2017;45(6):1091–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-016-0227-8.CrossRefPubMed

63.

Melnick SM, Hinshaw SP. Emotion regulation and parenting in AD/HD and comparison boys : Linkages with social behaviors and peer preference. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2000;28(1):73–86. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1005174102794.CrossRefPubMed

64.

Miranda A, Presentación MJ. Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of children with ADHD, with and without aggressiveness. Psychol Sch. 2000;37(2):169–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6807(200003)37:2<169::AID-PITS8>3.0.CO;2-8.CrossRef

65.

Murray AL, Booth T, Obsuth I, Zirk-Sadowski J, Eisner M, Ribeaud D. Testing the exacerbation and attenuation hypotheses of the role of anxiety in the relation between ADHD and reactive/proactive aggression : a 10-year longitudinal study. Psychiatr Res. 2018;269:585–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.120.CrossRef

66.

Penton-Voak IS, Thomas J, Gage SH, McMurran M, McDonald S, Munafò MR. Increasing recognition of happiness in ambiguous facial expressions reduces anger and aggressive behavior. Psychol Sci. 2013;24(5):688–97. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612459657.CrossRefPubMed

67.

Peyre H, Speranza M, Cortese S, Wohl M, Purper-Ouakil D. Do ADHD children with and without Child Behavior Checklist–dysregulation profile have different clinical characteristics, cognitive features, and treatment outcomes? J Atten Disord. 2015;19(1):63–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054712452135.CrossRefPubMed

68.

Polanczyk G, de Lima MS, Horta BL, Biederman J, Rohde LA. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD : a systematic review and metaregression analysis. Am J Psychiatr. 2007;164(6):942–8. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2007.164.6.942.CrossRefPubMed

69.

Qian Y, Chang W, He X, Yang L, Liu L, Ma Q, et al. Emotional dysregulation of ADHD in childhood predicts poor early-adulthood outcomes : a prospective follow up study. Res Dev Disabil. 2016;59:428–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2016.09.022.CrossRefPubMed

70.

Ravens-Sieberer U, Auquier P, Erhart M, Gosch A, Rajmil L, Bruil J, et al. The KIDSCREEN-27 quality of life measure for children and adolescents : psychometric results from a cross-cultural survey in 13 European countries. Q Life Res. 2007;16(8):1347–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-007-9240-2.CrossRef

71.

Rosen PJ, Factor PI. Emotional impulsivity and emotional and behavioral difficulties among children with ADHD : an ecological momentary assessment study. J Atten Disord. 2015;19(9):779–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054712463064.CrossRefPubMed

72.

Rosen PJ, Leaberry KD, Slaughter K, Fogleman ND, Walerius DM, Loren REA, et al. Managing Frustration for Children (MFC) Group Intervention for ADHD : an open trial of a novel group intervention for deficient emotion regulation. Cogn Behav Pract. 2018;26(3):522–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2018.04.002.CrossRef

73.

Saini M. A meta-analysis of the psychological treatment of anger : developing guidelines for evidence-based practice. J Am Acad Psychiatr Law. 2009;37(4):473–88.CrossRef

74.

Sánchez M, Lavigne R, Romero JF, Elósegui E. Emotion regulation in participants diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, before and after an emotion regulation intervention. Front Psychol. 2019;10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01092.

75.

Shaffer D, Gould MS, Brasic J, Ambrosini P, Fisher P, Bird H, et al. A children’s global assessment scale (CGAS). Arch Gen Psychiatr. 1983;40(11):1228–31. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790100074010.CrossRefPubMed

76.

Shaw P, Stringaris A, Nigg J, Leibenluft E. Emotion dysregulation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatr. 2014;171(3):276–93. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13070966.CrossRefPubMed

77.

Sjöwall D, Roth L, Lindqvist S, Thorell LB. Multiple deficits in ADHD : Executive dysfunction, delay aversion, reaction time variability, and emotional deficits: Neuropsychological and emotional deficits in ADHD. J Child Psychol Psychiatr. 2013;54(6):619–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12006.CrossRef

78.

Sobanski E, Banaschewski T, Asherson P, Buitelaar J, Chen W, Franke B, et al. Emotional lability in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) : clinical correlates and familial prevalence: emotional lability in ADHD. J Child Psychol Psychiatr. 2010;51(8):915–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02217.x.CrossRef

79.

Spencer TJ, Faraone SV, Surman CBH, Petty C, Clarke A, Batchelder H, et al. Toward defining deficient emotional self-regulation in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using the Child Behavior Checklist: a controlled study. Postgrad Med. 2011;123(5):50–9. https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.2011.09.2459.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

80.

Stoddard J, Sharif-Askary B, Harkins EA, Frank HR, Brotman MA, Penton-Voak IS, et al. An open pilot study of training hostile interpretation bias to treat disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2016;26(1):49–57. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2015.0100.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

81.

Stringaris A, Vidal-Ribas P, Brotman MA, Leibenluft E. Practitioner Review: Definition, recognition, and treatment challenges of irritability in young people. J Child Psychol Psychiatr. 2018;59(7):721–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12823.CrossRef

82.

Sukhodolsky DG, Kassinove H, Gorman BS. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anger in children and adolescents : a meta-analysis. Aggress Violent Behav. 2004;9(3):247–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2003.08.005.CrossRef

83.

Surman CBH, Biederman J, Spencer T, Yorks D, Miller CA, Petty CR, et al. Deficient emotional self-regulation and adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder : a family risk analysis. Am J Psychiatr. 2011;168(6):617–23. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10081172.CrossRefPubMed

84.

Suzer Gamli I, Tahiroglu A. Six months methylphenidate treatment improves emotion dysregulation in adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder : a prospective study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2018;14:1329–37. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S164807.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

85.

Thompson RA. Emotion regulation : a theme in search of definition. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev. 1994;59(2/3):25–52. https://doi.org/10.2307/1166137.CrossRefPubMed

86.

Tourian L, LeBoeuf A, Breton J-J, Cohen D, Gignac M, Labelle R, et al. Treatment options for the cardinal symptoms of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr. 2015;24(1):41–54.

87.

Vacher C, Goujon A, Romo L, Purper-Ouakil D. Efficacy of psychosocial interventions for children with ADHD and emotion dysregulation : a systematic review. Psychiatr Res. 2020;291:113151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113151.CrossRef

88.

van Stralen J. Emotional dysregulation in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. ADHD Atten Deficit Hyperactivity Disord. 2016;8(4):175–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-016-0199-0.CrossRef

89.

Vidal-Ribas P, Brotman MA, Valdivieso I, Leibenluft E, Stringaris A. The status of irritability in psychiatry : a conceptual and quantitative review. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr. 2016;55(7):556–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.04.014.CrossRef

90.

Walerius DM, Reyes RA, Rosen PJ, Factor PI. Functional impairment variability in children with ADHD due to emotional impulsivity. J Atten Disord. 2018;22(8):724–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054714561859.CrossRefPubMed

91.

Wang T, Liu K, Li Z, Xu Y, Liu Y, Shi W, et al. Prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among children and adolescents in China : a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatr. 2017;17(1):32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-1187-9.CrossRef

92.

Wang Y-P, Gorenstein C. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II : a comprehensive review. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2013;35(4):416–31. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2012-1048.CrossRefPubMed

93.

Waxmonsky JG, Waschbusch DA, Belin P, Li T, Babocsai L, Humphery H, et al. A randomized clinical trial of an integrative group therapy for children with severe mood dysregulation. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr. 2016;55(3):196–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2015.12.011.CrossRef

94.

Webster-Stratton, C. (2005). The incredible years : a trouble-shooting guide for parents of children aged 2-8 years. Incredible Years.

95.

Wehmeier PM, Schacht A, Barkley RA. Social and emotional impairment in children and adolescents with ADHD and the impact on quality of life. J Adolesc Health. 2010;46(3):209–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.09.009.CrossRefPubMed

96.

White BA, Jarrett MA, Ollendick TH. Self-regulation deficits explain the link between reactive aggression and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in children. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2013;35(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-012-9310-9.CrossRef

97.

Winters DE, Fukui S, Leibenluft E, Hulvershorn LA. Improvements in irritability with open-label methylphenidate treatment in youth with comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2018;28(5):298–305. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2017.0124.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

98.

Zwi M, Jones H, Thorgaard C, York A, Dennis JA. Parent training interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children aged 5 to 18 years. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(12):CD003018. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003018.pub3.

Title: Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy on aggressive behavior in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and emotion dysregulation: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: C. Vacher
L. Romo
M. Dereure
M. Soler
M. C. Picot
D. Purper-Ouakil
Publication date: 01-12-2022
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Published in: Trials / Issue 1/2022
Electronic ISSN: 1745-6215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-022-05996-5

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy on aggressive behavior in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and emotion dysregulation: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background

Methods

Discussion

Trial registration

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Discussion

Trial registration

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2022

Immediate effects of hip strap and foot orthoses on self-reported measures and lower limb kinematics during functional tasks in individuals with patellofemoral osteoarthritis: protocol for a randomised crossover clinical trial

A quasi-randomised controlled trial of online distribution of home-based hepatitis C self-testing for key populations in Malaysia: a study protocol

Effects of physical training on physical and functional fitness, physical activity level, endothelial function, hemodynamic variables, bone metabolism, and quality of life of post-bariatric patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Assessing the effectiveness of a LGBT cultural competency training for oncologists: study protocol for a randomized pragmatic trial

Trauma-focused EMDR for Personality disorders among Outpatients (TEMPO): study protocol for a multi-centre, single-blind, randomized controlled trial

Effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of vaporized nicotine products versus nicotine replacement therapy for tobacco smoking cessation in a low-socioeconomic status Australian population: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial