Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Cardiovascular Diabetology
Published in: Cardiovascular Diabetology 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Original investigation

Association of metabolic syndrome and its components with arterial stiffness in Caucasian subjects of the MARK study: a cross-sectional trial

Authors: Leticia Gomez-Sanchez, Luis Garcia-Ortiz, M. Carmen Patino-Alonso, Jose I. Recio-Rodriguez, Rigo Fernando, Ruth Marti, Cristina Agudo-Conde, Emiliano Rodriguez-Sanchez, Jose A. Maderuelo-Fernandez, Rafel Ramos, Manuel A. Gomez-Marcos, the MARK Group

Published in: Cardiovascular Diabetology | Issue 1/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) can reflect both central and peripheral arterial stiffness. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components may increase arterial stiffness and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the correlation of MetS and its components with arterial stiffness is still not clear. The primary aim of this study is thus the relationship using baPWV and CAVI in Caucasian adults with intermediate cardiovascular risk. The secondary aim is to analyze sex differences.

Methods

This study analyzed 2351 subjects aged 35–74 years (mean, 61.4 ± 7.7 years) comprising 61.7 % males and enrolled in the improving interMediAte Risk management (MARK) study. CAVI was measured using a VaSera VS-1500 ® device, and baPWV was calculated using a validated equation. MetS was defined based on the Joint Scientific Statement National Cholesterol Education Program III. Waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and lipid profile were measured.

Results

MetS was found in 51.9 % of the subjects. All MetS components except reduced HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.578) were associated with CAVI. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.075) and waist circumference (p = 0.315) were associated with baPWV. The different MetS components that assess dyslipidemia using the stiffness measures show different associations according to patient sex. The high blood pressure component had a greater odds ratio (OR) for both baPWV ≥ 17.5 m/sec (OR = 6.90, 95 % CI 3.52–13.519) and CAVI ≥ 9 (OR = 2.20, 95 % CI 1.63–1.90).

Conclusions

MetS and all its components (except HDL-cholesterol with baPWV and CAVI and WC with baPWV) were associated with baPWV and CAVI. However, there were sex differences in the association of MetS and its components with baPWV and CAVI. Data from this study suggest a greater association of CAVI and baPWV values with MetS components in males than in females and indicate greater arterial stiffness in the event of simultaneously elevated blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and waist circumference.
Trial Registration Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: https://​clinicaltrials.​gov/​ct2/​show/​ NCT01428934. Registered 2 September 2011. Last updated September 8, 2016
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, Fruchart JC, James WP, Loria CM, Smith SC Jr. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009;120(16):1640–5.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Mottillo S, Filion KB, Genest J, Joseph L, Pilote L, Poirier P, Rinfret S, Schiffrin EL, Eisenberg MJ. The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56(14):1113–32.PubMedCrossRef
3.
van Herpt TT, Dehghan A, van Hoek M, Ikram MA, Hofman A, Sijbrands EJ, Franco OH. The clinical value of metabolic syndrome and risks of cardiometabolic events and mortality in the elderly: the Rotterdam study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016;15(1):69.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
4.
Kotani K, Satoh-Asahara N, Nakakuki T, Yamakage H, Shimatsu A, Tsukahara T. Association between metabolic syndrome and multiple lesions of intracranial atherothrombotic stroke: a hospital-based study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2015;14:108.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
5.
Jiang B, Li B, Wang Y, Han B, Wang N, Li Q, Yang W, Huang G, Wang J, Chen Y, et al. The nine-year changes of the incidence and characteristics of metabolic syndrome in China: longitudinal comparisons of the two cross-sectional surveys in a newly formed urban community. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016;15(1):84.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
6.
Franco OH, Massaro JM, Civil J, Cobain MR, O’Malley B, D’Agostino RB Sr. Trajectories of entering the metabolic syndrome: the framingham heart study. Circulation. 2009;120(20):1943–50.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Chen L, Zhu W, Mai L, Fang L, Ying K. The association of metabolic syndrome and its components with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in south China. Atherosclerosis. 2015;240(2):345–50.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zhou F, Zhang H, Yao W, Mei H, Xu D, Sheng Y, Yang R, Kong X, Wang L, Zou J, et al. Relationship between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and metabolic syndrome components in a Chinese population. J Biomed Res. 2014;28(4):262–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
9.
Scuteri A, Cunha PG, Rosei EA, Badariere J, Bekaert S, Cockcroft JR, Cotter J, Cucca F, De Buyzere ML, De Meyer T, et al. Arterial stiffness and influences of the metabolic syndrome: a cross-countries study. Atherosclerosis. 2014;233(2):654–60.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
10.
Satoh-Asahara N, Kotani K, Yamakage H, Yamada T, Araki R, Okajima T, Adachi M, Oishi M, Shimatsu A. Cardio-ankle vascular index predicts for the incidence of cardiovascular events in obese patients: a multicenter prospective cohort study (Japan Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Study: JOMS). Atherosclerosis. 2015;242(2):461–8.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Vlachopoulos C, Aznaouridis K, O’Rourke MF, Safar ME, Baou K, Stefanadis C. Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with central haemodynamics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2010;31(15):1865–71.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Mitchell GF, Hwang SJ, Vasan RS, Larson MG, Pencina MJ, Hamburg NM, Vita JA, Levy D, Benjamin EJ. Arterial stiffness and cardiovascular events: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2010;121(4):505–11.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
13.
Yamashina A, Tomiyama H, Takeda K, Tsuda H, Arai T, Hirose K, Koji Y, Hori S, Yamamoto Y. Validity, reproducibility, and clinical significance of noninvasive brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity measurement. Hypertens Res. 2002;25(3):359–64.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Shirai K, Hiruta N, Song M, Kurosu T, Suzuki J, Tomaru T, Miyashita Y, Saiki A, Takahashi M, Suzuki K, et al. Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) as a novel indicator of arterial stiffness: theory, evidence and perspectives. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2011;18(11):924–38.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Maeda Y, Inoguchi T, Etoh E, Kodama Y, Sasaki S, Sonoda N, Nawata H, Shimabukuro M, Takayanagi R. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity predicts all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes: the Kyushu Prevention Study of Atherosclerosis. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(8):2383–90.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Kanamoto M, Matsumoto N, Shiga T, Kunimoto F, Saito S. Relationship between coronary artery stenosis and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. J Cardiovasc Dis Res. 2013;4(1):15–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
17.
Nakamura K, Tomaru T, Yamamura S, Miyashita Y, Shirai K, Noike H. Cardio-ankle vascular index is a candidate predictor of coronary atherosclerosis. Circ J. 2008;72(4):598–604.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Izuhara M, Shioji K, Kadota S, Baba O, Takeuchi Y, Uegaito T, Mutsuo S, Matsuda M. Relationship of cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) to carotid and coronary arteriosclerosis. Circ J. 2008;72(11):1762–7.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Okura T, Watanabe S, Kurata M, Manabe S, Koresawa M, Irita J, Enomoto D, Miyoshi K, Fukuoka T, Higaki J. Relationship between cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2007;30(4):335–40.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Horinaka S, Yabe A, Yagi H, Ishimura K, Hara H, Iemua T, Matsuoka H. Comparison of atherosclerotic indicators between cardio ankle vascular index and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity. Angiology. 2009;60(4):468–76.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Sairaku A, Eno S, Hondo T, Teragawa H, Nakano Y, Matsuda K, Kisaka T, Kihara Y. Head-to-head comparison of the cardio-ankle vascular index between patients with acute coronary syndrome and stable angina pectoris. Hypertens Res. 2010;33(11):1162–6.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Lavalle FJ, Villarreal JZ, Montes J, Mancillas LG, Rodriguez SE, Gonzalez P, Lara R. Change in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a population of medical students: 6-year follow-up. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2015;14:85.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
23.
Kim H, Lee J, Seo J, Chung W, Kim S, Zo J, Kim M. The effects of metabolic syndrome and its components on arterial stiffness in relation to gender. J Cardiol. 2015;65(3):243–9.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Kawada T, Andou T, Fukumitsu M. Relationship between cardio-ankle vascular index and components of metabolic syndrome in combination with sex and age. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2014;8(4):242–4.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Weng C, Yuan H, Yang K, Tang X, Huang Z, Huang L, Chen W, Chen F, Chen Z, Yang P. Gender-specific association between the metabolic syndrome and arterial stiffness in 8,300 subjects. Am J Med Sci. 2013;346(4):289–94.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Marti R, Parramon D, Garcia-Ortiz L, Rigo F, Gomez-Marcos MA, Sempere I, Garcia-Regalado N, Recio-Rodriguez JI, Agudo-Conde C, Feuerbach N, et al. Improving interMediAte risk management. MARK study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2011;11:61.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
27.
Marrugat J, D’Agostino R, Sullivan L, Elosua R, Wilson P, Ordovas J, Solanas P, Cordon F, Ramos R, Sala J, et al. An adaptation of the Framingham coronary heart disease risk function to European Mediterranean areas. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2003;57(8):634–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
28.
Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP, Sans S, Menotti A, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, Ducimetiere P, Jousilahti P, Keil U, et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J. 2003;24(11):987–1003.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redon J, Zanchetti A, Bohm M, Christiaens T, Cifkova R, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens. 2013;31(7):1281–357.PubMedCrossRef
30.
World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA. 2013;310(20):2191–4.CrossRef
31.
Satoh N, Shimatsu A, Kato Y, Araki R, Koyama K, Okajima T, Tanabe M, Ooishi M, Kotani K, Ogawa Y. Evaluation of the cardio-ankle vascular index, a new indicator of arterial stiffness independent of blood pressure, in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Hypertens Res. 2008;31(10):1921–30.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Shirai K, Utino J, Otsuka K, Takata M. A novel blood pressure-independent arterial wall stiffness parameter; cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). J Atheroscler Thromb. 2006;13(2):101–7.PubMedCrossRef
33.
34.
Gomez-Sanchez L, Garcia-Ortiz L, Patino-Alonso MC, Recio-Rodriguez JI, Frontera G, Ramos R, Marti R, Agudo-Conde C, Rodriguez-Sanchez E, Maderuelo-Fernandez JA, et al. the association between the cardio-ankle vascular index and other parameters of vascular structure and function in caucasian adults: MARK study. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2015;22(9):901–11.PubMedCrossRef
35.
36.
Hu H, Cui H, Han W, Ye L, Qiu W, Yang H, Zhang C, Guo X, Mao G. A cutoff point for arterial stiffness using the cardio-ankle vascular index based on carotid arteriosclerosis. Hypertens Res. 2013;36(4):334–41.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Kawai T, Ohishi M, Onishi M, Ito N, Takeya Y, Maekawa Y, Rakugi H. Cut-off value of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity to predict cardiovascular disease in hypertensive patients: a cohort study. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2013;20(4):391–400.PubMedCrossRef
38.
O’Brien E, Asmar R, Beilin L, Imai Y, Mancia G, Mengden T, Myers M, Padfield P, Palatini P, Parati G, et al. Practice guidelines of the European Society of Hypertension for clinic, ambulatory and self blood pressure measurement. J Hypertens. 2005;23(4):697–701.PubMedCrossRef
39.
Salas-Salvado J, Rubio MA, Barbany M, Moreno B. SEEDO 2007 Consensus for the evaluation of overweight and obesity and the establishment of therapeutic intervention criteria. Med Clin (Barc). 2007;128(5):184–96 (quiz 181 p following 200).CrossRef
40.
Kubozono T, Miyata M, Ueyama K, Nagaki A, Otsuji Y, Kusano K, Kubozono O, Tei C. Clinical significance and reproducibility of new arterial distensibility index. Circ J. 2007;71(1):89–94.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Shirai K, Song M, Suzuki J, Kurosu T, Oyama T, Nagayama D, Miyashita Y, Yamamura S, Takahashi M. Contradictory effects of β1- and α1- aderenergic receptor blockers on cardio-ankle vascular stiffness index (CAVI)–CAVI independent of blood pressure. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2011;18(1):49–55.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Takaki A, Ogawa H, Wakeyama T, Iwami T, Kimura M, Hadano Y, Matsuda S, Miyazaki Y, Hiratsuka A, Matsuzaki M. Cardio-ankle vascular index is superior to brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity as an index of arterial stiffness. Hypertens Res. 2008;31(7):1347–55.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Fernandez-Berges D, Cabrera de Leon A, Sanz H, Elosua R, Guembe MJ, Alzamora M, Vega-Alonso T, Felix-Redondo FJ, Ortiz-Marron H, Rigo F, et al. Metabolic syndrome in Spain: prevalence and coronary risk associated with harmonized definition and WHO proposal. DARIOS study. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2012;65(3):241–8.CrossRef
44.
Tomiyama H, Yamashina A, Arai T, Hirose K, Koji Y, Chikamori T, Hori S, Yamamoto Y, Doba N, Hinohara S. Influences of age and gender on results of noninvasive brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity measurement—a survey of 12517 subjects. Atherosclerosis. 2003;166(2):303–9.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Marlatt KL, Kelly AS, Steinberger J, Dengel DR. The influence of gender on carotid artery compliance and distensibility in children and adults. J Clin Ultrasound. 2013;41(6):340–6.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Rossi P, Frances Y, Kingwell BA, Ahimastos AA. Gender differences in artery wall biomechanical properties throughout life. J Hypertens. 2011;29(6):1023–33.PubMedCrossRef
47.
McEniery CM, Yasmin, Maki-Petaja KM, McDonnell BJ, Munnery M, Hickson SS, Franklin SS, Cockcroft JR, Wilkinson IB. The impact of cardiovascular risk factors on aortic stiffness and wave reflections depends on age: the Anglo-Cardiff Collaborative Trial (ACCT III). Hypertension. 2010;56(4):591–7.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Anoop S, Misra A, Bhardwaj S, Gulati S. High body fat and low muscle mass are associated with increased arterial stiffness in Asian Indians in North India. J Diabetes Complications. 2015;29(1):38–43.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Gomez-Marcos MA, Recio-Rodriguez JI, Patino-Alonso MC, Agudo-Conde C, Gomez-Sanchez L, Rodriguez-Sanchez E, Gomez-Sanchez M, Martinez-Vizcaino V, Garcia-Ortiz L. Relationships between high-sensitive C-reactive protein and markers of arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients. Differences by sex. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2012;12:37.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
50.
Shirai K. Analysis of vascular function using the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). Hypertens Res. 2011;34(6):684–5.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Takaki A, Ogawa H, Wakeyama T, Iwami T, Kimura M, Hadano Y, Matsuda S, Miyazaki Y, Matsuda T, Hiratsuka A, et al. Cardio-ankle vascular index is a new noninvasive parameter of arterial stiffness. Circ J. 2007;71(11):1710–4.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Scuteri A, Najjar SS, Orru M, Usala G, Piras MG, Ferrucci L, Cao A, Schlessinger D, Uda M, Lakatta EG. The central arterial burden of the metabolic syndrome is similar in men and women: the SardiNIA Study. Eur Heart J. 2010;31(5):602–13.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Vlachopoulos C, Aznaouridis K, Stefanadis C. Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with arterial stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(13):1318–27.PubMedCrossRef
54.
Tenenbaum A, Klempfner R, Fisman EZ. Hypertriglyceridemia: a too long unfairly neglected major cardiovascular risk factor. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2014;13:159.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
55.
Gomez-Marcos MA, Recio-Rodriguez JI, Patino-Alonso MC, Agudo-Conde C, Gomez-Sanchez L, Gomez-Sanchez M, Rodriguez-Sanchez E, Maderuelo-Fernandez JA, Garcia-Ortiz L. Cardio-ankle vascular index is associated with cardiovascular target organ damage and vascular structure and function in patients with diabetes or metabolic syndrome, LOD-DIABETES study: a case series report. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2015;14:7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
56.
Hallberg V, Palomaki A, Lahtela J, Voutilainen S, Tarkka M, Kataja M. Associations of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus with 16-year survival after CABG. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2014;13:25.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
57.
Al-Daghri NM, Al-Attas OS, Wani K, Alnaami AM, Sabico S, Al-Ajlan A, Chrousos GP, Alokail MS. Sensitivity of various adiposity indices in identifying cardiometabolic diseases in Arab adults. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2015;14:101.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Association of metabolic syndrome and its components with arterial stiffness in Caucasian subjects of the MARK study: a cross-sectional trial
Authors
Leticia Gomez-Sanchez
Luis Garcia-Ortiz
M. Carmen Patino-Alonso
Jose I. Recio-Rodriguez
Rigo Fernando
Ruth Marti
Cristina Agudo-Conde
Emiliano Rodriguez-Sanchez
Jose A. Maderuelo-Fernandez
Rafel Ramos
Manuel A. Gomez-Marcos
the MARK Group
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Cardiovascular Diabetology / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1475-2840
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-016-0465-7

Other articles of this Issue 1/2016

Cardiovascular Diabetology 1/2016 Go to the issue

Original investigation

Circulating angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) and ANGPTL3 concentrations in relation to anthropometric and metabolic profiles in Korean children: a prospective cohort study

Original investigation

Clinical outcomes of deferred revascularisation using fractional flow reserve in patients with and without diabetes mellitus

Original investigation

Mortality and causes of death in a national sample of type 2 diabetic patients in Korea from 2002 to 2013

Original investigation

Impact of glycemic control with sitagliptin on the 2-year progression of arterial stiffness: a sub-analysis of the PROLOGUE study

Original investigation

A comparison between angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on end stage renal disease and major adverse cardiovascular events in diabetic patients: a population-based dynamic cohort study in Taiwan

Original investigation

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition with linagliptin prevents western diet-induced vascular abnormalities in female mice
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits