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Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research

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01-10-2020 | Arterial Occlusive Disease | Review

Atherosclerosis: Insights into Vascular Pathobiology and Outlook to Novel Treatments

Authors: Marc P. Wolf, Patrick Hunziker

Published in: Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research | Issue 5/2020

Abstract

The pathobiology of atherosclerosis and its current and potential future treatments are summarized, with a spotlight on three central cell types involved: (i) endothelial cells (ECs), (ii) macrophages, and (iii) vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). (i) EC behaviour is regulated by the central transcription factors YAP/TAZ in reaction to biomechanical forces, such as hemodynamic shear stress. (ii) VSMC transdifferentiation (phenotype switching) to a macrophage-like phenotype contributes to the majority of cells positive for common cell surface macrophage markers in atherosclerotic plaques. (iii) Intra-plaque macrophages originate in a significant number from vascular resident macrophages. They can be activated via pattern recognition receptors on cell membrane (e.g. toll-like receptors) and inside cells (e.g. inflammasomes), requiring priming by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). ECs and macrophages can also be characterized by single-cell RNA sequencing. Adaptive immunity plays an important role in the inflammatory process. Future therapeutic options include vaccination, TRAF-STOPs, senolysis, or CD47 blockade.

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Title: Atherosclerosis: Insights into Vascular Pathobiology and Outlook to Novel Treatments
Authors: Marc P. Wolf
Patrick Hunziker
Publication date: 01-10-2020
Publisher: Springer US
Keyword: Arterial Occlusive Disease
Published in: Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research / Issue 5/2020
Print ISSN: 1937-5387
Electronic ISSN: 1937-5395
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265-020-09961-y

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Atherosclerosis: Insights into Vascular Pathobiology and Outlook to Novel Treatments

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