Top

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2023 | Alkaloids | Research

Antimicrobial, antioxidant activities, and total phenolic contents of Pycnanthus angolensis Sap and Cryptolepis sanguinolenta root extracts

Authors: Francis Adu-Amankwaah, Hephzibah Sam, Chris Yaw Asare, Felix Charles Mills-Robertson

Published in: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies | Issue 1/2023

Abstract

The death of many people in tropical countries can be attributed to microbial infection, probably, because synthetic antibiotics are failing in the treatment of most microbial infections, attributed to the ability of the microorganisms to mutate and adapt to harsh conditions. This study evaluated, in vitro, the antimicrobial activities, antioxidant potentials, and the total phenolic as well as phytochemical contents of aqueous and ethanol extracts of the root of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Lindl.) and the crude sap of Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw) using selected standard bacteria strains (Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25,923), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (ATCC 15,305), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25,922), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 19,430), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27,853), and Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 49,565). The modified agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of the plant extracts. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline were used as positive controls. The extracts were screened for specific phytochemicals with total phenolic contents were determined using Folin Ciocalteu reagent test. The phytoconstituents observed were alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, and saponins in both Cryptolepis sanguinolenta and Pycnanthus angolensis. For the antimicrobial activities, all the test bacteria were susceptible to the crude sap of Pycnanthus angolensis except Proteus mirabilis. In the case of the Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, only S. aureus was susceptible to both aqueous and ethanol extracts. The total phenolic content, expressed in g/100 g GAE, recorded values of 55.427 ± 4.248 for the crude sap of Pycnanthus angolensis, and 11.642 ± 4.248 and 26.888 ± 4.248 for the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, respectively. It is concluded that Cryptolepis sanguinolenta and Pycnanthus angolensis are excellent candidates for further development of antimicrobial agents in the fight against microbial infections given the pressing need for novel efficacious agents.

Maqsood S, Singh P, Samoon H, Khansaheb Balange A. International aquatic research effect of dietary chitosan on non-specific immune response and growth of Cyprinus carpio challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Int Aquat Res. 2010;2:77–85.

World Health Organization. National policy on traditional medicine and regulation of herbal medicines: Report of a WHO global survey. World Health Organization. 2005. ISBN: 9241593237

Bérdy J. Thoughts and facts about antibiotics: Where we are now and where we are heading. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2012;65(8):385–95.

Ong CK, Bodeker G, GRundy C, Burford G. Shein. K. WHO global atlas of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine. World Health Organization, the WHO Centre for Heath Development; 2005.

Sofidiya MO, Awolesi AO. Antinociceptive and antiulcer activities of Pycnanthus angolensis. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 2015;25(3):252–7.

Oladimeji OH, Ubulom PE, Igboasoiyi AC, Ndukwe K, Nia R. Some biological activities of Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) Warb. J Pharm Bioresources. 2006;3(1):49–55.

Abrantes M, Mil-Homens T, Duarte N, Lopes D, Cravo P, Madureira M, et al. Antiplasmodial activity of Lignans and extracts from Pycnanthus angolensis. Planta Med. 2008;31(11):1408–12.

Onocha PA, Otunla EO. Biological activities of extracts of Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) Warb. Arch Appl Sci Res. 2010;2(4):186–90.

Omobuwajo OR, Adesanya SA, Babalola GO. Isoflavonoids from Pycnanthus angolensis and Baphia nitida. Phytochemistry. 1992;31(3):1013–4.

10.

Mills-Robertson FC, Tay SCK, Duker-Eshun G, Walana W, Badu K. In vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanolic fractions of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2012;11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-0711-11-16.

11.

Mills-Robertson FC, Aboagye FA, Duker-Eshun G, Kaminta S, Agbeve S. In vitro antimicrobial activity of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (periplocaceae). Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2009;3(9):476–80. Available from: http://www.academicjournals.org/ajpp.

12.

Paulo A, Duarte A, Gomes ET. In vitro antibacterial screening of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta alkaloids. J Ethnopharmacol. 1994;44(2):127–30.

13.

Chahar N, Deswal S, Mahalwal VS. In vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanolic fractions of Cryptolepis sanguino-lenta. 2013.

14.

Agyare C, Asase A, Lechtenberg M, Niehues M, Deters A, Hensel A. An ethnopharmacological survey and in vitro confirmation of ethnopharmacological use of medicinal plants used for wound healing in Bosomtwi-Atwima-Kwanwoma area, Ghana. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009;125(3):393–403.

15.

Agyepong IA, Adjei S. Public social policy development and implementation: a case study of the Ghana National Health Insurance scheme. Health Policy Plan. 2008;23(2):150–60.

16.

Sofowora A. Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa. Paris, France: Karthala; 1996.CrossRef

17.

Simic A, Kroepfl D, Simic N, Ogunwande IA. Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw) Excell: Volatile Oil Constituents and Antimicrobial activity. 2006.

18.

Chukwudozie IK, Ezeonu IM. Antimicrobial properties and acute toxicity evaluation of Pycnanthus angolensis stem bark. Sci Afr. 2022;16:e01185.

19.

Mills-Robertson FC, Tay SC, Duker-Eshun G, Walana W, Badu K. In vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanolic fractions of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2012;18(1):16.

20.

Kiehlbauch JA, Hannett GE, Salfinger M, Archinal W, Monserrat C, Carlyn C. Use of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines for disk diffusion susceptibility testing in New York state laboratories. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38(9):3341–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

21.

Gustafson K, Giurleo D, Ho C, Dang W, Pan M, Wu Q, & Simon J. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities of plastoquinones from the seed fat of Pycnanthus Angolensis. Planta Medica. 2012;78(11). https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1320385.

22.

Sochor J, Ryvolova M, Krystofova O, Salas P, Hubalek J, Adam V, Trnkova L, Havel L, Beklova M, Zehnalek J, Provaznik I, Kizek R. Fully Automated Spectrometric Protocols for Determination of Antioxidant Activity: Advantages and Disadvantages. Molecules. 2010;15(12):8618–40. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15128618.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

23.

Edeoga HO, Okwu DE, Mbaebie BO. Phytochemical constituents of some nigerian medicinal plants. Afr J Biotechnol. 2005;4(7):685–8.

24.

Frieri M, Kumar K, Boutin A. Antibiotic resistance. J Infect Public Health 2017;10(4):369–78.

25.

Sawer IK, Berry MI, Ford JL. The killing effect of cryptolepine on Staphylococcus aureus. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2005;40(1):24–9.

26.

Boakye-Yiadom K. Antimicrobial Properties of some west african Medicinal plants II. Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts of Cryptolepis Sanguinolenta (Lindl.) Schlechter. Q J Crude Drug Res 1979;17(2):78–80.

27.

Ramli I, Zerizer S, Gali L, Sakhri FZ, Kabouche Z, Usai D et al. In vitro and in vivo bioactivities of Ambrosia maritima and Bituminaria bituminosa organic extracts from Algeria. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2022;16(6):1064–74.

28.

Hancock REW. Resistance Mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other nonfermentative gram-negative Bacteria. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27(s1):93–9.

29.

Spengler G, Gajdács M, Donadu MG, Usai M, Marchetti M, Ferrari M, Mazzarello V, Zanetti S, Nagy F, Kovács R. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Antivirulent Potential of Essential Oils Isolated from Juniperus oxycedrus L. ssp. macrocarpa Aerial Parts. Microorganisms. 2022;10(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040758.

30.

Doughari JH. Phytochemicals: extraction methods, basic structures and mode of action as potential chemotherapeutic agents. INTECH Open Access Publisher Rijeka, Croatia; 2012.

31.

Cousins D, Huffman MA. Medicinal properties in the diet of gorillas: an ethno-pharmacological evaluation. Afr Study Monogr. 2002;23(2):65–89.

32.

Krasteva D, Ivanov Y, Chengolova Z, Godjevargova T. Antimicrobial Potential, Antioxidant Activity, and Phenolic Content of Grape Seed Extracts from Four Grape Varieties. Microorganisms. 2023;11(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020395.

33.

Jawhari FZ, Moussaoui AEL, Bourhia M, Imtara H, Saghrouchni H, Ammor K et al. Anacyclus pyrethrum var. Pyrethrum (l.) and anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus (ball) maire: Correlation between total phenolic and flavonoid contents with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of chemically characterized extracts. Plants. 2021;10(1):1–19.

34.

Koleva II, van Beek TA, Linssen JPH, de Groot A, Evstatieva LN. Screening of plant extracts for antioxidant activity: a comparative study on three testing methods. Phytochem Anal. 2002;13(1):8–17.

35.

Adu-Amankwaah F, Tapfuma KI, Hussan RH, Tshililo N, Baatjies L, Masiphephethu MV et al. Cytotoxic activity of Cape Fynbos against triple-negative breast cancer cell line. South Afr J Botany. 2022;150:702–10. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0254629922004239.

36.

Stanojević L, Stanković M, Nikolić V, Nikolić L, Ristić D, Čanadanovic-Brunet J, Tumbas V. Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Hieracium pilosella L. Extracts. Sensors. 2009;9(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/s90705702.

37.

Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset C. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 1995;28(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5.

38.

Martins M, Arantes R, Candeias S, Tinoco F, Cruz-Morais MT. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and toxicological properties of Schinus molle L. essential oils. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;151(1):485–92.

39.

Khanc IO, Ngandeud F, Pepin EA, Choudharyc IM. Antioxidant activity of the crude extract of the fruits of Pycnanthus angolensis and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of its constituents. Pharmacologyonline. 2008;1:422–31.

40.

Harborne JB. Phenolic Compounds. Phytochemical methods. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 1973. 33–88.CrossRef

41.

Ştefanescu BE, Szabo K, Mocan A, Crisan G. Phenolic compounds from five ericaceae species leaves and their related bioavailability and health benefits. In Molecules. 2019;24,(11). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24112046.

42.

Eleazu CO, Eleazu KC. Physico-chemical properties and antioxidant potentials of 6 new varieties of ginger (Zingiber officinale). Am J Food Technol. 2012;7(4):214–21.CrossRef

43.

Alhaji S. Some medicinal plants of arabian Pennisula. J Med Plants Res. 2010;4(9):767–89.

44.

Georgakilas AG, Redon CE, Ferguson NF, Kryston TB, Parekh P, Dickey JS et al. Systemic DNA damage accumulation under in vivo tumor growth can be inhibited by the antioxidant Tempol. Cancer Lett [Internet]. 2014;353(2):248–57. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304383514003814.

45.

Nahar L, Sarker SD. Chemistry for pharmacy students: general, organic and natural product chemistry. John Wiley & Sons. 2019. ISBN: 1119394430.

46.

Maurya R, Singh G, Yadav PP. Antiosteoporotic agents from natural sources. Stud Nat Prod Chem. 2008;35:517–48.CrossRef

47.

Madziga HA, Sanni S, Sandabe UK. Phytochemical and elemental analysis of Acalypha wilkesiana leaf. J Am Sci. 2010;6(11):510–4.

48.

Patocka J. Biologically active pentacyclic triterpenes and their current medicine signification. J Appl Biomed. 2003;1(1):7–12.CrossRef

49.

Kessler M, Ubeaud G, Jung L. Anti- and pro-oxidant activity of rutin and quercetin derivatives. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2010;55(1):131–42.

50.

Udeozo IP, Eboatu AN, Arinze RU, Okoye HN. Some fire characteristics of fifty-two nigerian Timbers. Anachem J. 2011;5(1):920–7.

51.

Akinyeye RO, Olatunya AM. Phytochemical screening and mineral composition of the bark of some medicinal trees in Ondo State, Nigeria. Med Aromat Plant Res J. 2014;2:44–9.

52.

Kirimuhuzya C, Bunalema L, Waako P, Tabuti JRS, Orodho J, Magadula JJ, et al. Efficacy of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta root extract on slow-growing rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Med Plants Res. 2012;6(7):1140–6.

53.

Momoh Onyishivi. MA. Formulation and evaluation of ethanolic extract of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta root tablets. Innovare J Ayurvedic Sci. 2014;10–3.

54.

Gibbons S, Fallah F, Wright CW. Cryptolepine hydrochloride: a potent antimycobacterial alkaloid derived from Cryptolepis sanguinolenta. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal devoted to pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of natural product derivatives. 2003;17(4):434–6.

Title: Antimicrobial, antioxidant activities, and total phenolic contents of Pycnanthus angolensis Sap and Cryptolepis sanguinolenta root extracts
Authors: Francis Adu-Amankwaah
Hephzibah Sam
Chris Yaw Asare
Felix Charles Mills-Robertson
Publication date: 01-12-2023
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Alkaloids
Alkaloids
Chloramphenicol
Tetracyclines
Cardiac Glycoside
Published in: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 2662-7671
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-04006-8

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Antimicrobial, antioxidant activities, and total phenolic contents of Pycnanthus angolensis Sap and Cryptolepis sanguinolenta root extracts

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2023

Effect of camel milk on lipid profile among patients with diabetes: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials

Use of traditional and complementary medicine by ethnic Indian women living with polycystic ovary syndrome: a global survey

Catechin, epicatechin, curcumin, garlic, pomegranate peel and neem extracts of Indian origin showed enhanced anti-inflammatory potential in human primary acute and chronic wound derived fibroblasts by decreasing TGF-β and TNF-α expression

Effectiveness of visceral fascial therapy targeting visceral dysfunctions outcome: systematic review of randomized controlled trials

RDN for the treatment of influenza in children: a randomized, double-blinded, parallel-controlled clinical trial

Phytochemical profile, comparative evaluation of Satureja montana alcoholic extract for antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and molecular docking studies