Ninety-Day and In-hospital Mortalities After Gastrointestinal and Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery—a Case Series Analysis

The aim was to do a retrospective analysis and audit of our 90-day and in-hospital mortalities after gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatic biliary surgeries performed in our department and analyze factors predicting them. All patients who underwent gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatic biliary surgery in our department in the last 3 years were evaluated for 90-day postoperative and in-hospital mortalities and various factors affecting them. Categorical values were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test wherever appropriate. Continuous variables were analyzed using the Student t-test for parametric data and Mann–Whitney U test for nonparametric data after skewness and kurtosis analysis. Multivariate analysis was done using logistic regression analysis. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23(IBM). Four hundred and twelve patients underwent gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary surgery in the last 3 years at our institute. Two hundred and twenty-two patients underwent major gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary surgeries in the last 3 years at our institute. Ninety-day all-cause mortality after major surgery was 10.8%, all-cause in-hospital mortality was around 8.5% in major surgery. Ninety-day mortality in elective and emergency surgeries was 6.7% and 22.4%, respectively. In-hospital mortality in elective and emergency surgeries was 4.8% and 18.9%, respectively. There was no 90-day mortality after nonmajor surgery. On multivariate analysis, nontechnical complications and emergency surgery independently predicted 90-day mortality. On multivariate analysis, acute kidney injury, nontechnical complications, and emergency surgeries independently predicted in-hospital mortalities. Nontechnical complications and emergency surgeries are independently associated with 90-day mortality, and acute kidney injury, nontechnical complications, and emergency surgery independently predict in-hospital mortality.