Skip to main content
Top
Published in: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | Research

The effect of exercise training intervention for patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm on cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory variables: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Authors: Qi Han, Li Qiao, Li Yin, Xuemei Sui, Wenjuan Shao, Qirong Wang

Published in: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders | Issue 1/2024

Login to get access

Abstract

Objective

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of exercise training intervention in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).

Methods

Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that recruited 588 AAA patients were extracted using 4 databases (PubMed, Embase, Wanfang Data, and Cochrane Library). Physiological and biochemistry parameters that included in this study are high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), respiratory peak oxygen uptake rate (VO2peak), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), anaerobic threshold (AT), the diameter of AAA, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Standard mean difference (SMD) was used to assess the between group effect.

Results

This meta-analysis was synthesized with findings from RCTs and found that hs-CRP (SMD, − 0.56 mg/dL; 95% CI: − 0.90 to 0.22; P = 0.001), VO2peak (SMD, 0.4 mL/kg/min; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.60; P < 0.001), TG (SMD, − 0.39 mg/dL; 95% CI: − 0.02 to 0.77; P = 0.04), and AT (SMD, 0.75 mL/kg/min; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.96; P < 0.001) were significantly improved in the exercise groups, while the size of AAA (SMD, − 0.15; 95% CI: − 0.36 to 0.06; P = 0.15), TC (SMD, 0.16 mg/dL; 95% CI: − 0.10 to 0.42; P = 0.23), HDL/LDL ratio (SMD, − 0.06; 95% CI: − 0.32 to 0.20; P = 0.64), HDL (SMD, − 0.09; 95% CI: − 0.39 to 0.20; P = 0.54), LDL (SMD, 0.08; 95% CI: − 0.21 to 0.38; P = 0.59), and MMP-9 (SMD, − 0.23 mg/dL; 95% CI: − 0.53 to 0.06; P = 0.12) did not differ in the exercise groups compared with the controls.

Conclusion

Exercise intervention improved some of the CVD risk factors but not all, hs-CRP, VO2peak and AT were significantly improved after exercise intervention, while, changes of MMP-9, the size of AAA, and the overall lipids profile were not. Exercise intervention provides an additional solution for improving cardiorespiratory capacity and health status among AAA patients, and might lead to a delay of AAA progression.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Rughani G, Robertson L, Clarke M. Medical treatment for small abdominal aortic aneurysms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;9:CD009536. Rughani G, Robertson L, Clarke M. Medical treatment for small abdominal aortic aneurysms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;9:CD009536.
2.
go back to reference Miyake T, Morishita R. Pharmacological treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Cardiovasc Res. 2009;83(3):436–43.PubMedCrossRef Miyake T, Morishita R. Pharmacological treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Cardiovasc Res. 2009;83(3):436–43.PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Golledge J, Muller J, Daugherty A, Norman P. Abdominal aortic aneurysm: pathogenesis and implications for management. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26(12):2605–13.PubMedCrossRef Golledge J, Muller J, Daugherty A, Norman P. Abdominal aortic aneurysm: pathogenesis and implications for management. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26(12):2605–13.PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Golledge J, Norman PE. Pathophysiology of abdominal aortic aneurysm relevant to improvements in patients’ management. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2009;24(6):532–8.PubMedCrossRef Golledge J, Norman PE. Pathophysiology of abdominal aortic aneurysm relevant to improvements in patients’ management. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2009;24(6):532–8.PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference McGregor JC, Pollock JG, Anton HC. The diagnosis and assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysms by ultrasonography. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1976;58(5):388–92.PubMedPubMedCentral McGregor JC, Pollock JG, Anton HC. The diagnosis and assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysms by ultrasonography. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1976;58(5):388–92.PubMedPubMedCentral
6.
go back to reference Wanhainen A. How to define an abdominal aortic aneurysm--influence on epidemiology and clinical practice. Scand J Surg : SJS : Off Organ Finn Surg Soc Scand Surg Soc. 2008;97(2):105–9 discussion 109. Wanhainen A. How to define an abdominal aortic aneurysm--influence on epidemiology and clinical practice. Scand J Surg : SJS : Off Organ Finn Surg Soc Scand Surg Soc. 2008;97(2):105–9 discussion 109.
7.
go back to reference Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, Bakal CW, Creager MA, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Murphy WR, Olin JW, Puschett JB, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 practice guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA task force on practice guidelines (writing committee to develop guidelines for the Management of Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease): endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Society for Vascular Nursing; TransAtlantic inter-society consensus; and vascular Disease Foundation. Circulation. 2006;113(11):e463–654.PubMed Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, Bakal CW, Creager MA, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Murphy WR, Olin JW, Puschett JB, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 practice guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA task force on practice guidelines (writing committee to develop guidelines for the Management of Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease): endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Society for Vascular Nursing; TransAtlantic inter-society consensus; and vascular Disease Foundation. Circulation. 2006;113(11):e463–654.PubMed
9.
go back to reference Kent KC, Zwolak RM, Jaff MR, Hollenbeck ST, Thompson RW, Schermerhorn ML, Sicard GA, Riles TS, Cronenwett JL. Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm: a consensus statement. J Vasc Surg. 2004;39(1):267–9.PubMedCrossRef Kent KC, Zwolak RM, Jaff MR, Hollenbeck ST, Thompson RW, Schermerhorn ML, Sicard GA, Riles TS, Cronenwett JL. Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm: a consensus statement. J Vasc Surg. 2004;39(1):267–9.PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Boll AP, Verbeek AL, van de Lisdonk EH, van der Vliet JA. High prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm in a primary care screening programme. Br J Surg. 1998;85(8):1090–4.PubMedCrossRef Boll AP, Verbeek AL, van de Lisdonk EH, van der Vliet JA. High prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm in a primary care screening programme. Br J Surg. 1998;85(8):1090–4.PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Ebaugh JL, Garcia ND, Matsumura JS. Screening and surveillance for abdominal aortic aneurysms: who needs it and when. Semin Vasc Surg. 2001;14(3):193–9.PubMedCrossRef Ebaugh JL, Garcia ND, Matsumura JS. Screening and surveillance for abdominal aortic aneurysms: who needs it and when. Semin Vasc Surg. 2001;14(3):193–9.PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Vazquez C, Sakalihasan N, D’Harcour JB, Limet R. Routine ultrasound screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm among 65- and 75-year-old men in a city of 200,000 inhabitants. Ann Vasc Surg. 1998;12(6):544–9.PubMedCrossRef Vazquez C, Sakalihasan N, D’Harcour JB, Limet R. Routine ultrasound screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm among 65- and 75-year-old men in a city of 200,000 inhabitants. Ann Vasc Surg. 1998;12(6):544–9.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Wilmink AB, Quick CR. Epidemiology and potential for prevention of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Br J Surg. 1998;85(2):155–62.PubMedCrossRef Wilmink AB, Quick CR. Epidemiology and potential for prevention of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Br J Surg. 1998;85(2):155–62.PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Alcorn HG, Wolfson SK Jr, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Kuller LH, O’Leary D. Risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysms in older adults enrolled in the cardiovascular health study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1996;16(8):963–70.PubMedCrossRef Alcorn HG, Wolfson SK Jr, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Kuller LH, O’Leary D. Risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysms in older adults enrolled in the cardiovascular health study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1996;16(8):963–70.PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Salem MK, Rayt HS, Hussey G, Rafelt S, Nelson CP, Sayers RD, Naylor AR, Nasim A. Should Asian men be included in abdominal aortic aneurysm screening programmes? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg : Off J Eur Soc Vasc Surg. 2009;38(6):748–9.CrossRef Salem MK, Rayt HS, Hussey G, Rafelt S, Nelson CP, Sayers RD, Naylor AR, Nasim A. Should Asian men be included in abdominal aortic aneurysm screening programmes? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg : Off J Eur Soc Vasc Surg. 2009;38(6):748–9.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Adachi K, Iwasawa T, Ono T. Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms during a basic medical checkup in residents of a Japanese rural community. Surg Today. 2000;30(7):594–9.PubMedCrossRef Adachi K, Iwasawa T, Ono T. Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms during a basic medical checkup in residents of a Japanese rural community. Surg Today. 2000;30(7):594–9.PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Darling RC 3rd, Brewster DC, Darling RC, LaMuraglia GM, Moncure AC, Cambria RP, Abbott WM. Are familial abdominal aortic aneurysms different? J Vasc Surg. 1989;10(1):39–43.PubMedCrossRef Darling RC 3rd, Brewster DC, Darling RC, LaMuraglia GM, Moncure AC, Cambria RP, Abbott WM. Are familial abdominal aortic aneurysms different? J Vasc Surg. 1989;10(1):39–43.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Webster MW, Ferrell RE, St Jean PL, Majumder PP, Fogel SR, Steed DL. Ultrasound screening of first-degree relatives of patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg. 1991;13(1):9–13 discussion 13–14.PubMedCrossRef Webster MW, Ferrell RE, St Jean PL, Majumder PP, Fogel SR, Steed DL. Ultrasound screening of first-degree relatives of patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg. 1991;13(1):9–13 discussion 13–14.PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Nakayama A, Morita H, Miyata T, Ando J, Fujita H, Ohtsu H, Akai T, Hoshina K, Nagayama M, Takanashi S, et al. Inverse association between the existence of coronary artery disease and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Atherosclerosis. 2012;222(1):278–83.PubMedCrossRef Nakayama A, Morita H, Miyata T, Ando J, Fujita H, Ohtsu H, Akai T, Hoshina K, Nagayama M, Takanashi S, et al. Inverse association between the existence of coronary artery disease and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Atherosclerosis. 2012;222(1):278–83.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Takagi H, Umemoto T, Group A. Coronary artery disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm growth. Vasc Med. 2016;21(3):199–208.PubMedCrossRef Takagi H, Umemoto T, Group A. Coronary artery disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm growth. Vasc Med. 2016;21(3):199–208.PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Avdic T, Franzen S, Zarrouk M, Acosta S, Nilsson P, Gottsater A, Svensson AM, Gudbjornsdottir S, Eliasson B. Reduced Long-term risk of aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a Nationwide observational study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7(3). Avdic T, Franzen S, Zarrouk M, Acosta S, Nilsson P, Gottsater A, Svensson AM, Gudbjornsdottir S, Eliasson B. Reduced Long-term risk of aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a Nationwide observational study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7(3).
22.
go back to reference Lederle FA, Noorbaloochi S, Nugent S, Taylor BC, Grill JP, Kohler TR, Cole L. Multicentre study of abdominal aortic aneurysm measurement and enlargement. Br J Surg. 2015;102(12):1480–7.PubMedCrossRef Lederle FA, Noorbaloochi S, Nugent S, Taylor BC, Grill JP, Kohler TR, Cole L. Multicentre study of abdominal aortic aneurysm measurement and enlargement. Br J Surg. 2015;102(12):1480–7.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Climent E, Benaiges D, Chillaron JJ, Flores-Le Roux JA, Pedro-Botet J. Diabetes mellitus as a protective factor of abdominal aortic aneurysm: possible mechanisms. Clin Invest Arterioscler : Publ Oficial Soc Espanola Arterioscler. 2018;30(4):181–7. Climent E, Benaiges D, Chillaron JJ, Flores-Le Roux JA, Pedro-Botet J. Diabetes mellitus as a protective factor of abdominal aortic aneurysm: possible mechanisms. Clin Invest Arterioscler : Publ Oficial Soc Espanola Arterioscler. 2018;30(4):181–7.
24.
go back to reference Habashi JP, Doyle JJ, Holm TM, Aziz H, Schoenhoff F, Bedja D, Chen Y, Modiri AN, Judge DP, Dietz HC. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor signaling attenuates aortic aneurysm in mice through ERK antagonism. Science. 2011;332(6027):361–5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Habashi JP, Doyle JJ, Holm TM, Aziz H, Schoenhoff F, Bedja D, Chen Y, Modiri AN, Judge DP, Dietz HC. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor signaling attenuates aortic aneurysm in mice through ERK antagonism. Science. 2011;332(6027):361–5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Gadowski GR, Pilcher DB, Ricci MA. Abdominal aortic aneurysm expansion rate: effect of size and beta-adrenergic blockade. J Vasc Surg. 1994;19(4):727–31.PubMedCrossRef Gadowski GR, Pilcher DB, Ricci MA. Abdominal aortic aneurysm expansion rate: effect of size and beta-adrenergic blockade. J Vasc Surg. 1994;19(4):727–31.PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference de Bruin JL, Baas AF, Heymans MW, Buimer MG, Prinssen M, Grobbee DE, Blankensteijn JD, Group DS. Statin therapy is associated with improved survival after endovascular and open aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg. 2014;59(1):39-44 e31.PubMedCrossRef de Bruin JL, Baas AF, Heymans MW, Buimer MG, Prinssen M, Grobbee DE, Blankensteijn JD, Group DS. Statin therapy is associated with improved survival after endovascular and open aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg. 2014;59(1):39-44 e31.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Chaikof EL, Brewster DC, Dalman RL, Makaroun MS, Illig KA, Sicard GA, Timaran CH, Upchurch GR Jr, Veith FJ. SVS practice guidelines for the care of patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm: executive summary. J Vasc Surg. 2009;50(4):880–96.PubMedCrossRef Chaikof EL, Brewster DC, Dalman RL, Makaroun MS, Illig KA, Sicard GA, Timaran CH, Upchurch GR Jr, Veith FJ. SVS practice guidelines for the care of patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm: executive summary. J Vasc Surg. 2009;50(4):880–96.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Mealy K, Salman A. The true incidence of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Surg. 1988;2(6):405–8.PubMedCrossRef Mealy K, Salman A. The true incidence of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Surg. 1988;2(6):405–8.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Johansen K, Kohler TR, Nicholls SC, Zierler RE, Clowes AW, Kazmers A. Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: the Harborview experience. J Vasc Surg. 1991;13(2):240–5 discussion 245–247.PubMedCrossRef Johansen K, Kohler TR, Nicholls SC, Zierler RE, Clowes AW, Kazmers A. Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: the Harborview experience. J Vasc Surg. 1991;13(2):240–5 discussion 245–247.PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Heikkinen M, Salenius J, Zeitlin R, Saarinen J, Suominen V, Metsanoja R, Auvinen O. The fate of AAA patients referred electively to vascular surgical unit. Scand J Surg: SJS : Off Organ Finn Surg Soc Scand Surg Soc. 2002;91(4):345–52. Heikkinen M, Salenius J, Zeitlin R, Saarinen J, Suominen V, Metsanoja R, Auvinen O. The fate of AAA patients referred electively to vascular surgical unit. Scand J Surg: SJS : Off Organ Finn Surg Soc Scand Surg Soc. 2002;91(4):345–52.
31.
go back to reference Libby P, Bonow OR, Mann LD, Tomaselli FG, Bhatt LD, Solomon DS, et al. Disease of the aorta. In: Braunwald's heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 12th ed; 2022. Libby P, Bonow OR, Mann LD, Tomaselli FG, Bhatt LD, Solomon DS, et al. Disease of the aorta. In: Braunwald's heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 12th ed; 2022.
32.
go back to reference Brown PM, Pattenden R, Gutelius JR. The selective management of small abdominal aortic aneurysms: the Kingston study. J Vasc Surg. 1992;15(1):21–5 discussion 25–27.PubMedCrossRef Brown PM, Pattenden R, Gutelius JR. The selective management of small abdominal aortic aneurysms: the Kingston study. J Vasc Surg. 1992;15(1):21–5 discussion 25–27.PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Scott RA, Tisi PV, Ashton HA, Allen DR. Abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture rates: a 7-year follow-up of the entire abdominal aortic aneurysm population detected by screening. J Vasc Surg. 1998;28(1):124–8.PubMedCrossRef Scott RA, Tisi PV, Ashton HA, Allen DR. Abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture rates: a 7-year follow-up of the entire abdominal aortic aneurysm population detected by screening. J Vasc Surg. 1998;28(1):124–8.PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Golledge J, Powell JT. Medical management of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg : Off J Eur Soc Vasc Surg. 2007;34(3):267–73.CrossRef Golledge J, Powell JT. Medical management of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg : Off J Eur Soc Vasc Surg. 2007;34(3):267–73.CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Cronenwett JL, KWJ. Rutherford’s Vascular Surgery. 7th ed. Rutherford’s Vascular Surgery; 2010. Cronenwett JL, KWJ. Rutherford’s Vascular Surgery. 7th ed. Rutherford’s Vascular Surgery; 2010.
36.
go back to reference United Kindom SAAAT. Mortality results for randomised controlled trial of early elective surgery or ultrasonographic surveillance for small abdominal aortic aneurysms. The UK small aneurysm trial participants. Lancet. 1998;352(9141):1649–55.CrossRef United Kindom SAAAT. Mortality results for randomised controlled trial of early elective surgery or ultrasonographic surveillance for small abdominal aortic aneurysms. The UK small aneurysm trial participants. Lancet. 1998;352(9141):1649–55.CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Liu Z. Editorial: abdominal aortic aneurysms: advancements in diagnosis, biomarkers, drug therapeutics, surgical and endovascular treatment. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1218335.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Liu Z. Editorial: abdominal aortic aneurysms: advancements in diagnosis, biomarkers, drug therapeutics, surgical and endovascular treatment. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1218335.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Pouwels S, Willigendael EM, van Sambeek MR, Nienhuijs SW, Cuypers PW, Teijink JA. Beneficial effects of pre-operative exercise therapy in patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm: a systematic review. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg : Off J Eur Soc Vasc Surg. 2015;49(1):66–76.CrossRef Pouwels S, Willigendael EM, van Sambeek MR, Nienhuijs SW, Cuypers PW, Teijink JA. Beneficial effects of pre-operative exercise therapy in patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm: a systematic review. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg : Off J Eur Soc Vasc Surg. 2015;49(1):66–76.CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Kato M, Kubo A, Green FN, Takagi H. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on safety and efficacy of exercise training in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg. 2019;69(3):933–43.PubMedCrossRef Kato M, Kubo A, Green FN, Takagi H. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on safety and efficacy of exercise training in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg. 2019;69(3):933–43.PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Omar N, Yeoh BS, Chellappan K, Chui SZ, Salamt N, Aminuddin A. The effects of pedometer-based exercise on central and peripheral vascular functions among young sedentary men with CVD risk factors. Front Physiol. 2023;14:1062751.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Omar N, Yeoh BS, Chellappan K, Chui SZ, Salamt N, Aminuddin A. The effects of pedometer-based exercise on central and peripheral vascular functions among young sedentary men with CVD risk factors. Front Physiol. 2023;14:1062751.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Valenzuela PL, Ruilope LM, Santos-Lozano A, Wilhelm M, Krankel N, Fiuza-Luces C, Lucia A. Exercise benefits in cardiovascular diseases: from mechanisms to clinical implementation. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(21):1874–89.PubMedCrossRef Valenzuela PL, Ruilope LM, Santos-Lozano A, Wilhelm M, Krankel N, Fiuza-Luces C, Lucia A. Exercise benefits in cardiovascular diseases: from mechanisms to clinical implementation. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(21):1874–89.PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Bailey DM, Davies RG, Rose GA, Lewis MH, Aldayem AA, Twine CP, Awad W, Jubouri M, Mohammed I, Mestres CA, et al. Myths and methodologies: cardiopulmonary exercise testing for surgical risk stratification in patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm; balancing risk over benefit. Exp Physiol. 2023;108(9):1118–31.PubMedCrossRef Bailey DM, Davies RG, Rose GA, Lewis MH, Aldayem AA, Twine CP, Awad W, Jubouri M, Mohammed I, Mestres CA, et al. Myths and methodologies: cardiopulmonary exercise testing for surgical risk stratification in patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm; balancing risk over benefit. Exp Physiol. 2023;108(9):1118–31.PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group P. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Int J Surg. 2010;8(5):336–41.PubMedCrossRef Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group P. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Int J Surg. 2010;8(5):336–41.PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Myers JN, White JJ, Narasimhan B, Dalman RL. Effects of exercise training in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm: preliminary results from a randomized trial. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2010;30(6):374–83.PubMedCrossRef Myers JN, White JJ, Narasimhan B, Dalman RL. Effects of exercise training in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm: preliminary results from a randomized trial. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2010;30(6):374–83.PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Tew GA, Moss J, Crank H, Mitchell PA, Nawaz S. Endurance exercise training in patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysm: a randomized controlled pilot study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;93(12):2148–53.PubMedCrossRef Tew GA, Moss J, Crank H, Mitchell PA, Nawaz S. Endurance exercise training in patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysm: a randomized controlled pilot study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;93(12):2148–53.PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Myers J, McElrath M, Jaffe A, Smith K, Fonda H, Vu A, Hill B, Dalman R. A randomized trial of exercise training in abdominal aortic aneurysm disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46(1):2–9.PubMedCrossRef Myers J, McElrath M, Jaffe A, Smith K, Fonda H, Vu A, Hill B, Dalman R. A randomized trial of exercise training in abdominal aortic aneurysm disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46(1):2–9.PubMedCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Barakat HM, Shahin Y, Khan JA, McCollum PT, Chetter IC. Preoperative supervised exercise improves outcomes after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg. 2016;264(1):47–53.PubMedCrossRef Barakat HM, Shahin Y, Khan JA, McCollum PT, Chetter IC. Preoperative supervised exercise improves outcomes after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg. 2016;264(1):47–53.PubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Lima RM, Vainshelboim B, Ganatra R, Dalman R, Chan K, Myers J. Exercise training improves Ventilatory efficiency in patients with a small abdominal aortic aneurysm: a randomized controlled study. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2018;38(4):239–45.PubMedCrossRef Lima RM, Vainshelboim B, Ganatra R, Dalman R, Chan K, Myers J. Exercise training improves Ventilatory efficiency in patients with a small abdominal aortic aneurysm: a randomized controlled study. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2018;38(4):239–45.PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Kothmann E, Batterham AM, Owen SJ, Turley AJ, Cheesman M, Parry A, Danjoux G. Effect of short-term exercise training on aerobic fitness in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms: a pilot study. Br J Anaesth. 2009;103(4):505–10.PubMedCrossRef Kothmann E, Batterham AM, Owen SJ, Turley AJ, Cheesman M, Parry A, Danjoux G. Effect of short-term exercise training on aerobic fitness in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms: a pilot study. Br J Anaesth. 2009;103(4):505–10.PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Niebauer S, Niebauer J, Dalman R, Myers J. Effects of exercise training on vascular markers of disease progression in patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysms. Am J Med. 2021;134(4):535–41.PubMedCrossRef Niebauer S, Niebauer J, Dalman R, Myers J. Effects of exercise training on vascular markers of disease progression in patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysms. Am J Med. 2021;134(4):535–41.PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Haque A, Wisely N, McCollum C. Editor’s choice - the abdominal aortic aneurysm get fit trial: a randomised controlled trial of exercise to improve fitness in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg : Off J Eur Soc Vasc Surg. 2022;64(4):309–19.CrossRef Haque A, Wisely N, McCollum C. Editor’s choice - the abdominal aortic aneurysm get fit trial: a randomised controlled trial of exercise to improve fitness in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg : Off J Eur Soc Vasc Surg. 2022;64(4):309–19.CrossRef
52.
go back to reference Nakayama A, Amiya E, Morita H, Hyodo K, Takayama N, Konishi Y, Taya M, Fujiwara T, Hosoya Y, Hoshina K, et al. The potential of cardiac rehabilitation as a method of suppressing abdominal aortic aneurysm expansion: a pilot study. Heart Vessel. 2019;34(12):2031–9.CrossRef Nakayama A, Amiya E, Morita H, Hyodo K, Takayama N, Konishi Y, Taya M, Fujiwara T, Hosoya Y, Hoshina K, et al. The potential of cardiac rehabilitation as a method of suppressing abdominal aortic aneurysm expansion: a pilot study. Heart Vessel. 2019;34(12):2031–9.CrossRef
53.
go back to reference Thoren P, Floras JS, Hoffmann P, Seals DR. Endorphins and exercise: physiological mechanisms and clinical implications. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1990;22(4):417–28.PubMed Thoren P, Floras JS, Hoffmann P, Seals DR. Endorphins and exercise: physiological mechanisms and clinical implications. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1990;22(4):417–28.PubMed
54.
go back to reference Aicher BO, Zhang J, Muratoglu SC, Galisteo R, Arai AL, Gray VL, Lal BK, Strickland DK, Ucuzian AA. Moderate aerobic exercise prevents matrix degradation and death in a mouse model of aortic dissection and aneurysm. Am J Phys Heart Circ Phys. 2021;320(5):H1786–801. Aicher BO, Zhang J, Muratoglu SC, Galisteo R, Arai AL, Gray VL, Lal BK, Strickland DK, Ucuzian AA. Moderate aerobic exercise prevents matrix degradation and death in a mouse model of aortic dissection and aneurysm. Am J Phys Heart Circ Phys. 2021;320(5):H1786–801.
55.
go back to reference Weinreich T, Filz HP, Gresser U, Richartz BM. Effectiveness of a four-week diet regimen, exercise and psychological intervention for weight loss. J Clin Diagnostic Res: JCDR. 2017;11(3):LC20–4. Weinreich T, Filz HP, Gresser U, Richartz BM. Effectiveness of a four-week diet regimen, exercise and psychological intervention for weight loss. J Clin Diagnostic Res: JCDR. 2017;11(3):LC20–4.
56.
go back to reference Ehrman JK, Fernandez AB, Myers J, Oh P, Thompson PD, Keteyian SJ. Aortic aneurysm: DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT, EXERCISE TESTING, AND TRAINING. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2020;40(4):215–23.PubMedCrossRef Ehrman JK, Fernandez AB, Myers J, Oh P, Thompson PD, Keteyian SJ. Aortic aneurysm: DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT, EXERCISE TESTING, AND TRAINING. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2020;40(4):215–23.PubMedCrossRef
57.
go back to reference Lanne T, Sandgren T, Sonesson B. A dynamic view on the diameter of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg : Off J Eur Soc Vasc Surg. 1998;15(4):308–12.CrossRef Lanne T, Sandgren T, Sonesson B. A dynamic view on the diameter of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg : Off J Eur Soc Vasc Surg. 1998;15(4):308–12.CrossRef
58.
go back to reference Perissiou M, Bailey TG, Saynor ZL, Shepherd AI, Harwood AE, Askew CD. The physiological and clinical importance of cardiorespiratory fitness in people with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Exp Physiol. 2022;107(4):283–98.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Perissiou M, Bailey TG, Saynor ZL, Shepherd AI, Harwood AE, Askew CD. The physiological and clinical importance of cardiorespiratory fitness in people with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Exp Physiol. 2022;107(4):283–98.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Suh GY, Les AS, Tenforde AS, Shadden SC, Spilker RL, Yeung JJ, Cheng CP, Herfkens RJ, Dalman RL, Taylor CA. Hemodynamic changes quantified in abdominal aortic aneurysms with increasing exercise intensity using mr exercise imaging and image-based computational fluid dynamics. Ann Biomed Eng. 2011;39(8):2186–202.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Suh GY, Les AS, Tenforde AS, Shadden SC, Spilker RL, Yeung JJ, Cheng CP, Herfkens RJ, Dalman RL, Taylor CA. Hemodynamic changes quantified in abdominal aortic aneurysms with increasing exercise intensity using mr exercise imaging and image-based computational fluid dynamics. Ann Biomed Eng. 2011;39(8):2186–202.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
60.
go back to reference Tenforde AS, Cheng CP, Suh GY, Herfkens RJ, Dalman RL, Taylor CA. Quantifying in vivo hemodynamic response to exercise in patients with intermittent claudication and abdominal aortic aneurysms using cine phase-contrast MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging : JMRI. 2010;31(2):425–9.PubMedCrossRef Tenforde AS, Cheng CP, Suh GY, Herfkens RJ, Dalman RL, Taylor CA. Quantifying in vivo hemodynamic response to exercise in patients with intermittent claudication and abdominal aortic aneurysms using cine phase-contrast MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging : JMRI. 2010;31(2):425–9.PubMedCrossRef
61.
go back to reference Les AS, Shadden SC, Figueroa CA, Park JM, Tedesco MM, Herfkens RJ, Dalman RL, Taylor CA. Quantification of hemodynamics in abdominal aortic aneurysms during rest and exercise using magnetic resonance imaging and computational fluid dynamics. Ann Biomed Eng. 2010;38(4):1288–313.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Les AS, Shadden SC, Figueroa CA, Park JM, Tedesco MM, Herfkens RJ, Dalman RL, Taylor CA. Quantification of hemodynamics in abdominal aortic aneurysms during rest and exercise using magnetic resonance imaging and computational fluid dynamics. Ann Biomed Eng. 2010;38(4):1288–313.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
62.
go back to reference Golledge J, van Bockxmeer F, Jamrozik K, McCann M, Norman PE. Association between serum lipoproteins and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Am J Cardiol. 2010;105(10):1480–4.PubMedCrossRef Golledge J, van Bockxmeer F, Jamrozik K, McCann M, Norman PE. Association between serum lipoproteins and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Am J Cardiol. 2010;105(10):1480–4.PubMedCrossRef
63.
go back to reference Krishna SM, Seto SW, Moxon JV, Rush C, Walker PJ, Norman PE, Golledge J. Fenofibrate increases high-density lipoprotein and sphingosine 1 phosphate concentrations limiting abdominal aortic aneurysm progression in a mouse model. Am J Pathol. 2012;181(2):706–18.PubMedCrossRef Krishna SM, Seto SW, Moxon JV, Rush C, Walker PJ, Norman PE, Golledge J. Fenofibrate increases high-density lipoprotein and sphingosine 1 phosphate concentrations limiting abdominal aortic aneurysm progression in a mouse model. Am J Pathol. 2012;181(2):706–18.PubMedCrossRef
64.
go back to reference Hobbs SD, Claridge MW, Quick CR, Day NE, Bradbury AW, Wilmink AB. LDL cholesterol is associated with small abdominal aortic aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg : Off J Eur Soc Vasc Surg. 2003;26(6):618–22.CrossRef Hobbs SD, Claridge MW, Quick CR, Day NE, Bradbury AW, Wilmink AB. LDL cholesterol is associated with small abdominal aortic aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg : Off J Eur Soc Vasc Surg. 2003;26(6):618–22.CrossRef
65.
go back to reference Assmann G, Gotto AM Jr. HDL cholesterol and protective factors in atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2004;109(23 Suppl 1):III8-II14.PubMed Assmann G, Gotto AM Jr. HDL cholesterol and protective factors in atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2004;109(23 Suppl 1):III8-II14.PubMed
66.
go back to reference De Haro J, Bleda S, Acin F. C-reactive protein predicts aortic aneurysmal disease progression after endovascular repair. Int J Cardiol. 2016;202:701–6.PubMedCrossRef De Haro J, Bleda S, Acin F. C-reactive protein predicts aortic aneurysmal disease progression after endovascular repair. Int J Cardiol. 2016;202:701–6.PubMedCrossRef
67.
go back to reference Huang G, Wang A, Li X, Long M, Du Z, Hu C, Luo C, Wu Z, Tang L. Change in high-sensitive C-reactive protein during abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. J Hypertens. 2009;27(9):1829–37.PubMedCrossRef Huang G, Wang A, Li X, Long M, Du Z, Hu C, Luo C, Wu Z, Tang L. Change in high-sensitive C-reactive protein during abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. J Hypertens. 2009;27(9):1829–37.PubMedCrossRef
68.
go back to reference Lehoux S, Jones EA. Shear stress, arterial identity and atherosclerosis. Thromb Haemost. 2016;115(3):467–73.PubMedCrossRef Lehoux S, Jones EA. Shear stress, arterial identity and atherosclerosis. Thromb Haemost. 2016;115(3):467–73.PubMedCrossRef
69.
go back to reference Paul A, Ko KW, Li L, Yechoor V, McCrory MA, Szalai AJ, Chan L. C-reactive protein accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circulation. 2004;109(5):647–55.PubMedCrossRef Paul A, Ko KW, Li L, Yechoor V, McCrory MA, Szalai AJ, Chan L. C-reactive protein accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circulation. 2004;109(5):647–55.PubMedCrossRef
70.
go back to reference Dabagh M, Jalali P, Butler PJ, Randles A, Tarbell JM. Mechanotransmission in endothelial cells subjected to oscillatory and multi-directional shear flow. J R Soc Interface. 2017;14(130). Dabagh M, Jalali P, Butler PJ, Randles A, Tarbell JM. Mechanotransmission in endothelial cells subjected to oscillatory and multi-directional shear flow. J R Soc Interface. 2017;14(130).
71.
go back to reference Schieffer B, Selle T, Hilfiker A, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Grote K, Tietge UJ, Trautwein C, Luchtefeld M, Schmittkamp C, Heeneman S, et al. Impact of interleukin-6 on plaque development and morphology in experimental atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2004;110(22):3493–500.PubMedCrossRef Schieffer B, Selle T, Hilfiker A, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Grote K, Tietge UJ, Trautwein C, Luchtefeld M, Schmittkamp C, Heeneman S, et al. Impact of interleukin-6 on plaque development and morphology in experimental atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2004;110(22):3493–500.PubMedCrossRef
72.
go back to reference Kojima K, Hiro T, Koyama Y, Ohgaku A, Fujito H, Ebuchi Y, Arai R, Monden M, Migita S, Morikawa T, et al. High Wall shear stress is related to atherosclerotic plaque rupture in the aortic arch of patients with cardiovascular disease: a study with computational fluid dynamics model and non-obstructive general Angioscopy. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2021;28(7):742–53.PubMedCrossRef Kojima K, Hiro T, Koyama Y, Ohgaku A, Fujito H, Ebuchi Y, Arai R, Monden M, Migita S, Morikawa T, et al. High Wall shear stress is related to atherosclerotic plaque rupture in the aortic arch of patients with cardiovascular disease: a study with computational fluid dynamics model and non-obstructive general Angioscopy. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2021;28(7):742–53.PubMedCrossRef
73.
go back to reference Zhou M, Yu Y, Chen R, Liu X, Hu Y, Ma Z, Gao L, Jian W, Wang L. Wall shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1083547.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Zhou M, Yu Y, Chen R, Liu X, Hu Y, Ma Z, Gao L, Jian W, Wang L. Wall shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1083547.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
74.
go back to reference Arzani A, Shadden SC. Wall shear stress fixed points in cardiovascular fluid mechanics. J Biomech. 2018;73:145–52.PubMedCrossRef Arzani A, Shadden SC. Wall shear stress fixed points in cardiovascular fluid mechanics. J Biomech. 2018;73:145–52.PubMedCrossRef
75.
go back to reference Jones GT, Phillips VL, Harris EL, Rossaak JI, van Rij AM. Functional matrix metalloproteinase-9 polymorphism (C-1562T) associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg. 2003;38(6):1363–7.PubMedCrossRef Jones GT, Phillips VL, Harris EL, Rossaak JI, van Rij AM. Functional matrix metalloproteinase-9 polymorphism (C-1562T) associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg. 2003;38(6):1363–7.PubMedCrossRef
76.
go back to reference Lindholt JS, Vammen S, Fasting H, Henneberg EW, Heickendorff L. The plasma level of matrix metalloproteinase 9 may predict the natural history of small abdominal aortic aneurysms. A preliminary study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg : Off J Eur Soc Vasc Surg. 2000;20(3):281–5.CrossRef Lindholt JS, Vammen S, Fasting H, Henneberg EW, Heickendorff L. The plasma level of matrix metalloproteinase 9 may predict the natural history of small abdominal aortic aneurysms. A preliminary study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg : Off J Eur Soc Vasc Surg. 2000;20(3):281–5.CrossRef
77.
go back to reference Curci JA, Mao D, Bohner DG, Allen BT, Rubin BG, Reilly JM, Sicard GA, Thompson RW. Preoperative treatment with doxycycline reduces aortic wall expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg. 2000;31(2):325–42.PubMedCrossRef Curci JA, Mao D, Bohner DG, Allen BT, Rubin BG, Reilly JM, Sicard GA, Thompson RW. Preoperative treatment with doxycycline reduces aortic wall expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg. 2000;31(2):325–42.PubMedCrossRef
78.
go back to reference Mosorin M, Juvonen J, Biancari F, Satta J, Surcel HM, Leinonen M, Saikku P, Juvonen T. Use of doxycycline to decrease the growth rate of abdominal aortic aneurysms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. J Vasc Surg. 2001;34(4):606–10.PubMedCrossRef Mosorin M, Juvonen J, Biancari F, Satta J, Surcel HM, Leinonen M, Saikku P, Juvonen T. Use of doxycycline to decrease the growth rate of abdominal aortic aneurysms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. J Vasc Surg. 2001;34(4):606–10.PubMedCrossRef
79.
go back to reference Abdul-Hussien H, Hanemaaijer R, Verheijen JH, van Bockel JH, Geelkerken RH, Lindeman JH. Doxycycline therapy for abdominal aneurysm: improved proteolytic balance through reduced neutrophil content. J Vasc Surg. 2009;49(3):741–9.PubMedCrossRef Abdul-Hussien H, Hanemaaijer R, Verheijen JH, van Bockel JH, Geelkerken RH, Lindeman JH. Doxycycline therapy for abdominal aneurysm: improved proteolytic balance through reduced neutrophil content. J Vasc Surg. 2009;49(3):741–9.PubMedCrossRef
80.
go back to reference Lindeman JH, Abdul-Hussien H, van Bockel JH, Wolterbeek R, Kleemann R. Clinical trial of doxycycline for matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibition in patients with an abdominal aneurysm: doxycycline selectively depletes aortic wall neutrophils and cytotoxic T cells. Circulation. 2009;119(16):2209–16.PubMedCrossRef Lindeman JH, Abdul-Hussien H, van Bockel JH, Wolterbeek R, Kleemann R. Clinical trial of doxycycline for matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibition in patients with an abdominal aneurysm: doxycycline selectively depletes aortic wall neutrophils and cytotoxic T cells. Circulation. 2009;119(16):2209–16.PubMedCrossRef
81.
go back to reference Baxter BT, Pearce WH, Waltke EA, Littooy FN, Hallett JW Jr, Kent KC, Upchurch GR Jr, Chaikof EL, Mills JL, Fleckten B, et al. Prolonged administration of doxycycline in patients with small asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms: report of a prospective (phase II) multicenter study. J Vasc Surg. 2002;36(1):1–12.PubMedCrossRef Baxter BT, Pearce WH, Waltke EA, Littooy FN, Hallett JW Jr, Kent KC, Upchurch GR Jr, Chaikof EL, Mills JL, Fleckten B, et al. Prolonged administration of doxycycline in patients with small asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms: report of a prospective (phase II) multicenter study. J Vasc Surg. 2002;36(1):1–12.PubMedCrossRef
82.
go back to reference Nagashima H, Aoka Y, Sakomura Y, Sakuta A, Aomi S, Ishizuka N, Hagiwara N, Kawana M, Kasanuki H. A 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitor, cerivastatin, suppresses production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human abdominal aortic aneurysm wall. J Vasc Surg. 2002;36(1):158–63.PubMedCrossRef Nagashima H, Aoka Y, Sakomura Y, Sakuta A, Aomi S, Ishizuka N, Hagiwara N, Kawana M, Kasanuki H. A 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitor, cerivastatin, suppresses production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human abdominal aortic aneurysm wall. J Vasc Surg. 2002;36(1):158–63.PubMedCrossRef
83.
go back to reference Teixeira M, Gouveia M, Duarte A, Ferreira M, Simoes MI, Conceicao M, Silva G, Magalhaes S, Ferreira R, Nunes A, et al. Regular exercise participation contributes to better Proteostasis, inflammatory profile, and vasoactive profile in patients with hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2020;33(2):119–23.PubMedCrossRef Teixeira M, Gouveia M, Duarte A, Ferreira M, Simoes MI, Conceicao M, Silva G, Magalhaes S, Ferreira R, Nunes A, et al. Regular exercise participation contributes to better Proteostasis, inflammatory profile, and vasoactive profile in patients with hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2020;33(2):119–23.PubMedCrossRef
84.
go back to reference Neels JG, Hassen-Khodja R, Chinetti G. Nuclear receptors in abdominal aortic aneurysms. Atherosclerosis. 2020;297:87–95.PubMedCrossRef Neels JG, Hassen-Khodja R, Chinetti G. Nuclear receptors in abdominal aortic aneurysms. Atherosclerosis. 2020;297:87–95.PubMedCrossRef
85.
go back to reference Sethi S, Ravindhran B, Long J, Gurung R, Huang C, Smith GE, Carradice D, Wallace T, Ibeggazene S, Chetter IC, et al. A preoperative supervised exercise program potentially improves long-term survival after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg. 2023;79. Sethi S, Ravindhran B, Long J, Gurung R, Huang C, Smith GE, Carradice D, Wallace T, Ibeggazene S, Chetter IC, et al. A preoperative supervised exercise program potentially improves long-term survival after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg. 2023;79.
86.
go back to reference Wee IJY, Choong A. A systematic review of the impact of preoperative exercise for patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg. 2020;71(6):2123-2131 e2121.PubMedCrossRef Wee IJY, Choong A. A systematic review of the impact of preoperative exercise for patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg. 2020;71(6):2123-2131 e2121.PubMedCrossRef
87.
go back to reference Fenton C, Tan AR, Abaraogu UO, McCaslin JE. Prehabilitation exercise therapy before elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;7(7):CD013662.PubMed Fenton C, Tan AR, Abaraogu UO, McCaslin JE. Prehabilitation exercise therapy before elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;7(7):CD013662.PubMed
88.
go back to reference Romberg A, Virtanen A, Ruutiainen J, Aunola S, Karppi SL, Vaara M, Surakka J, Pohjolainen T, Seppanen A. Effects of a 6-month exercise program on patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized study. Neurology. 2004;63(11):2034–8.PubMedCrossRef Romberg A, Virtanen A, Ruutiainen J, Aunola S, Karppi SL, Vaara M, Surakka J, Pohjolainen T, Seppanen A. Effects of a 6-month exercise program on patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized study. Neurology. 2004;63(11):2034–8.PubMedCrossRef
89.
go back to reference Roberts CK, Chen AK, Barnard RJ. Effect of a short-term diet and exercise intervention in youth on atherosclerotic risk factors. Atherosclerosis. 2007;191(1):98–106.PubMedCrossRef Roberts CK, Chen AK, Barnard RJ. Effect of a short-term diet and exercise intervention in youth on atherosclerotic risk factors. Atherosclerosis. 2007;191(1):98–106.PubMedCrossRef
90.
go back to reference Sethi S, Ravindhran B, Long J, Gurung R, Huang C, Smith GE, Carradice D, Wallace T, Ibeggazene S, Chetter IC, et al. A preoperative supervised exercise program potentially improves long-term survival after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg. 2024;79(1):15-23 e13.PubMedCrossRef Sethi S, Ravindhran B, Long J, Gurung R, Huang C, Smith GE, Carradice D, Wallace T, Ibeggazene S, Chetter IC, et al. A preoperative supervised exercise program potentially improves long-term survival after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg. 2024;79(1):15-23 e13.PubMedCrossRef
91.
go back to reference Goodyear SJ, Yow H, Saedon M, Shakespeare J, Hill CE, Watson D, Marshall C, Mahmood A, Higman D, Imray CH. Risk stratification by pre-operative cardiopulmonary exercise testing improves outcomes following elective abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery: a cohort study. Perioper Med. 2013;2(1):10.CrossRef Goodyear SJ, Yow H, Saedon M, Shakespeare J, Hill CE, Watson D, Marshall C, Mahmood A, Higman D, Imray CH. Risk stratification by pre-operative cardiopulmonary exercise testing improves outcomes following elective abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery: a cohort study. Perioper Med. 2013;2(1):10.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
The effect of exercise training intervention for patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm on cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory variables: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors
Qi Han
Li Qiao
Li Yin
Xuemei Sui
Wenjuan Shao
Qirong Wang
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2261
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-024-03745-x

Other articles of this Issue 1/2024

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 1/2024 Go to the issue