Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research 3/2018

01-05-2018 | Original Article

What Makes Research Useful for Public School Educators?

Authors: Jennifer Watling Neal, Zachary P. Neal, Jennifer A. Lawlor, Kristen J. Mills, Kathryn McAlindon

Published in: Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research | Issue 3/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

In this study, we explored the extent to which educators discuss and prioritize Rogers’ (Diffusion of innovations, The Free Press: New York, 1995) five attributes of innovations—relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, observability, and trialability—in the context of research use. Using a directed content analysis of 54 semi-structured interviews and exemplar quotes, we describe how educators mentioned compatibility most frequently, but also commonly invoked observability and complexity in their discussions of research use. Our results also revealed key differences between educators in executive and non-executive roles. We discuss the implications of our findings for closing the research-practice gap in school-based mental health services and psychosocial interventions.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Footnotes
1
County names are pseudonyms to protect the confidentiality of study participants.
 
2
Because this method of calculating reliability could potentially result in high scores even if coders identified different segments for each code in an interview, we also calculated coder reliability by segment-code pairs. Over all of the segment-code pairs in our study, our coders demonstrated high inter-rater reliability (κ= 0.87). This suggests that coders were consistently coding attributes in the same segments.
 
Literature
go back to reference Bartels, N. (2003). How teachers and researchers read academic articles. Teaching and Teacher Education, 19, 737–753.CrossRef Bartels, N. (2003). How teachers and researchers read academic articles. Teaching and Teacher Education, 19, 737–753.CrossRef
go back to reference Barwick, M. A., Barac, R., Akrong, L. M., Johnson, S., & Chaban, P. (2014). Bringing evidence to the classroom: Exploring educator notions of evidence and preferences for practice change. International Education Research, 2(4), 1–15.CrossRef Barwick, M. A., Barac, R., Akrong, L. M., Johnson, S., & Chaban, P. (2014). Bringing evidence to the classroom: Exploring educator notions of evidence and preferences for practice change. International Education Research, 2(4), 1–15.CrossRef
go back to reference Behrstock-Sherratt, E., Drill, K., & Miller, S. (2011). Is the supply in demand? Exploring how, when and why teachers use research (revised Ed). Washington, DC: American Institutes for Research. Behrstock-Sherratt, E., Drill, K., & Miller, S. (2011). Is the supply in demand? Exploring how, when and why teachers use research (revised Ed). Washington, DC: American Institutes for Research.
go back to reference Boardman, A. G., Argüelles, M. E., Vaughn, S., Hughes, M. T., & Klingner, J. (2005). Special education teachers’ views of research-based practices. The Journal of Special Education, 39, 168–180.CrossRef Boardman, A. G., Argüelles, M. E., Vaughn, S., Hughes, M. T., & Klingner, J. (2005). Special education teachers’ views of research-based practices. The Journal of Special Education, 39, 168–180.CrossRef
go back to reference Carnine, D. (1997). Bridging the research-to-practice gap. Exceptional Children, 63(4), 513–521.CrossRef Carnine, D. (1997). Bridging the research-to-practice gap. Exceptional Children, 63(4), 513–521.CrossRef
go back to reference Coburn, C. E., Honig, M. I., & Stein, M. K. (2009). What is the evidence on districts’ use of evidence? In J. D. Bransford, D. J. Stipek, N. J. Vye, L. M. Gomez & D. Lam (Eds.), The role of research in educational improvement (pp. 67–86). Cambridge: Harvard Education Press. Coburn, C. E., Honig, M. I., & Stein, M. K. (2009). What is the evidence on districts’ use of evidence? In J. D. Bransford, D. J. Stipek, N. J. Vye, L. M. Gomez & D. Lam (Eds.), The role of research in educational improvement (pp. 67–86). Cambridge: Harvard Education Press.
go back to reference Coburn, C. E., Penuel, W., & Geil, K. E. (2013). Research-practice partnerships: A strategy for leveraging research for educational improvement in school districts. New York: William T. Grant Foundation. Coburn, C. E., Penuel, W., & Geil, K. E. (2013). Research-practice partnerships: A strategy for leveraging research for educational improvement in school districts. New York: William T. Grant Foundation.
go back to reference Coburn, C. E., & Talbert, J. E. (2006). Conceptions of evidence use in school districts: Mapping the terrain. American Journal of Education, 112, 469–495.CrossRef Coburn, C. E., & Talbert, J. E. (2006). Conceptions of evidence use in school districts: Mapping the terrain. American Journal of Education, 112, 469–495.CrossRef
go back to reference Cook, B. G., Smith, G. J., & Tankersley, M. (2012). Evidence-based practice in education. In K. R. Harris, S. Graham & T. Urdan (Eds.), APA educational psychology handbook: Vol 1. Theories, constructs, and critical issues (pp. 493–525). Washington DC: APA. Cook, B. G., Smith, G. J., & Tankersley, M. (2012). Evidence-based practice in education. In K. R. Harris, S. Graham & T. Urdan (Eds.), APA educational psychology handbook: Vol 1. Theories, constructs, and critical issues (pp. 493–525). Washington DC: APA.
go back to reference Corcoran, T., Fuhrman, S. H., & Belcher, C. L. (2001). The district role in instructional improvement. Phi Delta Kappan, 83, 78–84.CrossRef Corcoran, T., Fuhrman, S. H., & Belcher, C. L. (2001). The district role in instructional improvement. Phi Delta Kappan, 83, 78–84.CrossRef
go back to reference Cousins, J. B., & Leithwood, K. A. (1986). Current empirical research on evaluation utilization. Review of Educational Research, 56, 331–364.CrossRef Cousins, J. B., & Leithwood, K. A. (1986). Current empirical research on evaluation utilization. Review of Educational Research, 56, 331–364.CrossRef
go back to reference Cousins, J. B., & Leithwood, K. A. (1993). Enhancing knowledge utilization as a strategy for school improvement. Knowledge Creation Diffusion Utilization, 14, 305–333. Cousins, J. B., & Leithwood, K. A. (1993). Enhancing knowledge utilization as a strategy for school improvement. Knowledge Creation Diffusion Utilization, 14, 305–333.
go back to reference Cousins, J. B., & Walker, C. A. (2000). Predictors of educators’ valuing of systematic inquiry in schools. Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation, Special Issue, 25–52. Cousins, J. B., & Walker, C. A. (2000). Predictors of educators’ valuing of systematic inquiry in schools. Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation, Special Issue, 25–52.
go back to reference Everton, T., Galton, M., & Pell, T. (2000). Teachers’ perspectives on educational research: knowledge and context. Journal of Education for Teaching, 26, 167–182.CrossRef Everton, T., Galton, M., & Pell, T. (2000). Teachers’ perspectives on educational research: knowledge and context. Journal of Education for Teaching, 26, 167–182.CrossRef
go back to reference Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) 2015, 20 U.S.C.A. § 6301 et seq. (U.S. Government Publishing Office, 2015). Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) 2015, 20 U.S.C.A. § 6301 et seq. (U.S. Government Publishing Office, 2015).
go back to reference Gottfredson, D. C., Cook, T. D., Gardner, F. E. M., Gorman-Smith, D., Howe, G. W., Sandler, I. N., & Zafft, K. M. (2015). Standards of evidence for efficacy, effectiveness, and scale-up research in prevention science. Prevention Science, 16, 893–926.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Gottfredson, D. C., Cook, T. D., Gardner, F. E. M., Gorman-Smith, D., Howe, G. W., Sandler, I. N., & Zafft, K. M. (2015). Standards of evidence for efficacy, effectiveness, and scale-up research in prevention science. Prevention Science, 16, 893–926.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Greenberg, M. T., Weissberg, R. P., O’Brien, M. U., Zins, J. E., Fredericks, L., Resnik, H., & Elias, M. J. (2003). Enhancing school-based prevention and youth development through coordinated social, emotional, and academic learning. American Psychologist, 58, 466–474.CrossRefPubMed Greenberg, M. T., Weissberg, R. P., O’Brien, M. U., Zins, J. E., Fredericks, L., Resnik, H., & Elias, M. J. (2003). Enhancing school-based prevention and youth development through coordinated social, emotional, and academic learning. American Psychologist, 58, 466–474.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hallfors, D., & Godette, D. (2002). Will the ‘Principles of Effectiveness’’ improve prevention practice? Early findings from a diffusion study. Health Education Research, 17, 461–470.CrossRefPubMed Hallfors, D., & Godette, D. (2002). Will the ‘Principles of Effectiveness’’ improve prevention practice? Early findings from a diffusion study. Health Education Research, 17, 461–470.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hoagwood, K., & Johnson, J. (2003). School psychology: a public health framework I. From evidence-based practices to evidence-based policies. Journal of School Psychology, 41, 3–21.CrossRef Hoagwood, K., & Johnson, J. (2003). School psychology: a public health framework I. From evidence-based practices to evidence-based policies. Journal of School Psychology, 41, 3–21.CrossRef
go back to reference Hofferth, S. L., & Sandberg (2001). How American children spend their time. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, 295–308.CrossRef Hofferth, S. L., & Sandberg (2001). How American children spend their time. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, 295–308.CrossRef
go back to reference Hultman, G., & Hörberg, C. R. (1998). Knowledge competition and personal ambition: A theoretical framework for knowledge utilization and action in context. Science Communication, 19, 328–348.CrossRef Hultman, G., & Hörberg, C. R. (1998). Knowledge competition and personal ambition: A theoretical framework for knowledge utilization and action in context. Science Communication, 19, 328–348.CrossRef
go back to reference Humble, A. M. (2009). Technique triangulation for validation in directed content analysis. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8, 34–51.CrossRef Humble, A. M. (2009). Technique triangulation for validation in directed content analysis. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8, 34–51.CrossRef
go back to reference Kena, G., Hussar, W., McFarland, J., de Brey, C., Musu-Gillette, L., Wang, X., Zhang, J., Rathbun, A., Wilkinson-Flicker, S., Diliberti, M., Barmer, A., Bullock Mann, F., & Velez, Dunlop, E. (2016). The Condition of Education 2016 (NCES 2016-144). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved October 11, 2016 from http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch. Kena, G., Hussar, W., McFarland, J., de Brey, C., Musu-Gillette, L., Wang, X., Zhang, J., Rathbun, A., Wilkinson-Flicker, S., Diliberti, M., Barmer, A., Bullock Mann, F., & Velez, Dunlop, E. (2016). The Condition of Education 2016 (NCES 2016-144). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved October 11, 2016 from http://​nces.​ed.​gov/​pubsearch.
go back to reference Kennedy, M. M. (1997). The connection between research and practice. Educational Researcher, 26, 4–12.CrossRef Kennedy, M. M. (1997). The connection between research and practice. Educational Researcher, 26, 4–12.CrossRef
go back to reference Kratochwill, T. R., & Stoiber, K. C. (2000). Diversifying theory and science: Expanding the boundaries of empirically supported interventions in school psychology. Journal of School Psychology, 38, 349–358.CrossRef Kratochwill, T. R., & Stoiber, K. C. (2000). Diversifying theory and science: Expanding the boundaries of empirically supported interventions in school psychology. Journal of School Psychology, 38, 349–358.CrossRef
go back to reference Latham, G. (1993). Do educators use the literature of the profession? National Association of Secondary School Principals Bulletin, 77, 63–67. Latham, G. (1993). Do educators use the literature of the profession? National Association of Secondary School Principals Bulletin, 77, 63–67.
go back to reference Long, A. C. J., Sanetti, L. M. H., Collier-Meek, M. A., Gallucci, J., Altschaefl, M., & Kratochwill, T. R. (2016). An exploratory investigation of teachers’ intervention planning and perceived implementation barriers. Journal of School Psychology, 55, 1–26.CrossRefPubMed Long, A. C. J., Sanetti, L. M. H., Collier-Meek, M. A., Gallucci, J., Altschaefl, M., & Kratochwill, T. R. (2016). An exploratory investigation of teachers’ intervention planning and perceived implementation barriers. Journal of School Psychology, 55, 1–26.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lysenko, L. V., Abrami, P. C., Bernard, R. M., Dagenais, C., & Janosz, M. (2014). Educational research in educational practice: Predictors of use. Canadian Journal of Education, 37, 1–26. Lysenko, L. V., Abrami, P. C., Bernard, R. M., Dagenais, C., & Janosz, M. (2014). Educational research in educational practice: Predictors of use. Canadian Journal of Education, 37, 1–26.
go back to reference No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001, 20 U.S.C.A. § p. 6301 et seq. (West 2003). No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001, 20 U.S.C.A. § p. 6301 et seq. (West 2003).
go back to reference Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42, 533–544.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42, 533–544.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Ringeisen, H., Henderson, K., & Hoagwood, K. (2003). Context matters: Schools and the “research to practice gap” in children’s mental health. School Psychology Review, 32, 153–168. Ringeisen, H., Henderson, K., & Hoagwood, K. (2003). Context matters: Schools and the “research to practice gap” in children’s mental health. School Psychology Review, 32, 153–168.
go back to reference Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations (4th edn.). New York: The Free Press. Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations (4th edn.). New York: The Free Press.
go back to reference Rones, M., & Hoagwood, K. (2000). School-based mental health services: A research review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 3, 223–241.CrossRefPubMed Rones, M., & Hoagwood, K. (2000). School-based mental health services: A research review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 3, 223–241.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Tseng, V. (2012). The use of research in policy and practice. Society for Research on Child Development Social Policy Report, 26, 1–23. Tseng, V. (2012). The use of research in policy and practice. Society for Research on Child Development Social Policy Report, 26, 1–23.
go back to reference U.S. Department of Education, Safe and Drug-free Schools Program. (1998) Notice of final principles of effectiveness. Federal Register, 63, 29902–29906. U.S. Department of Education, Safe and Drug-free Schools Program. (1998) Notice of final principles of effectiveness. Federal Register, 63, 29902–29906.
go back to reference Walker, H. M. (2004). Commentary: Use of evidence-based interventions in schools: Where we’ve been, where we are, and where we need to go. School Psychology Review, 33, 298–407. Walker, H. M. (2004). Commentary: Use of evidence-based interventions in schools: Where we’ve been, where we are, and where we need to go. School Psychology Review, 33, 298–407.
go back to reference Wandersman, A., Duffy, J., Flaspohler, P., Noonan, R., Lubell, K., Stillman, L., et al. (2008). Bridging the gap between prevention research and practice: The interactive systems framework for dissemination and implementation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41, 171–181.CrossRefPubMed Wandersman, A., Duffy, J., Flaspohler, P., Noonan, R., Lubell, K., Stillman, L., et al. (2008). Bridging the gap between prevention research and practice: The interactive systems framework for dissemination and implementation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41, 171–181.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Weiss, C. H. (1998). Have we learned anything new about the use of evaluation? American Journal of Evaluation, 19, 21–33.CrossRef Weiss, C. H. (1998). Have we learned anything new about the use of evaluation? American Journal of Evaluation, 19, 21–33.CrossRef
go back to reference Weiss, C. H., & Bucavalas, M. J. (1980). Social science research and decision-making. New York: Columbia University Press. Weiss, C. H., & Bucavalas, M. J. (1980). Social science research and decision-making. New York: Columbia University Press.
go back to reference Williams, D., & Coles, L. (2007). Teachers’ approaches to finding and using research evidence: An information literacy perspective. Educational Research, 49, 185–206.CrossRef Williams, D., & Coles, L. (2007). Teachers’ approaches to finding and using research evidence: An information literacy perspective. Educational Research, 49, 185–206.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
What Makes Research Useful for Public School Educators?
Authors
Jennifer Watling Neal
Zachary P. Neal
Jennifer A. Lawlor
Kristen J. Mills
Kathryn McAlindon
Publication date
01-05-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research / Issue 3/2018
Print ISSN: 0894-587X
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3289
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-017-0834-x

Other articles of this Issue 3/2018

Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research 3/2018 Go to the issue