Skip to main content
Top
Published in: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 5/2019

01-05-2019 | Vulvovaginal Candidiasis | Original Article

Accuracy of the BD MAX™ vaginal panel in the diagnosis of infectious vaginitis

Authors: Amaia Aguirre-Quiñonero, I. Sáez de Castillo-Sedano, F. Calvo-Muro, A. Canut-Blasco

Published in: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases | Issue 5/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the BD MAX™ vaginal panel in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), and trichomoniasis by comparing it with conventional methods: (i) combination of Hay criteria and presence of clue cells with predominant growth of Gardnerella vaginalis, (ii) yeast culture, and (iii) combination of culture, wet mount microscopic examination, and an alternative molecular assay. One thousand vaginal samples of women ≥ 14 years were analyzed; 5% of the samples belonged to pregnant women. 19.3% were classified as BV, in 33.6% yeasts were recovered and in 1.5% TV was detected. For BV, sensitivity and specificity were of 89.8% and 96.5%, respectively; for VVC, sensitivity and specificity were of 97.4% and 96.8%, respectively, and for T. vaginalis, the sensitivity and specificity were of 100%. The BD MAX™ vaginal panel is highly sensitive and specific and simplifies the identification of infectious vaginitis.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Nyirjesy P (2008) Vulvovaginal candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis. Infect Dis Clin N Am 22:637–652CrossRef Nyirjesy P (2008) Vulvovaginal candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis. Infect Dis Clin N Am 22:637–652CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Amsel R, Totten PA, Spiegel CA, Chen KC, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK (1983) Nonspecific vaginitis. Am J Med 74:14–22CrossRefPubMed Amsel R, Totten PA, Spiegel CA, Chen KC, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK (1983) Nonspecific vaginitis. Am J Med 74:14–22CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Spiegel CA, Amsel R, Holmes KK (1983) Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis by direct Gram stain of vaginal fluid. J Clin Microbiol 18:170–177PubMedPubMedCentral Spiegel CA, Amsel R, Holmes KK (1983) Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis by direct Gram stain of vaginal fluid. J Clin Microbiol 18:170–177PubMedPubMedCentral
5.
go back to reference Nugent RP, Krohn MA, Hillier SL (1991) Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of Gram stain interpretation. J Clin Microbiol 29:297–301PubMedPubMedCentral Nugent RP, Krohn MA, Hillier SL (1991) Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of Gram stain interpretation. J Clin Microbiol 29:297–301PubMedPubMedCentral
6.
go back to reference Ison CA, Hay PE (2002) Validation of a simplified grading of Gram stained vaginal smears for use in genitourinary medicine clinical. Sex Transm Infect 78:413–415CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ison CA, Hay PE (2002) Validation of a simplified grading of Gram stained vaginal smears for use in genitourinary medicine clinical. Sex Transm Infect 78:413–415CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
8.
go back to reference Rodrigues FS, Peixote S, Adami F, Alves Bda C, Gehreke FS, Azzalis LA et al (2015) Proposal of a new cutoff for Nugent criteria in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. J Microbiol Methods 115:144–146CrossRefPubMed Rodrigues FS, Peixote S, Adami F, Alves Bda C, Gehreke FS, Azzalis LA et al (2015) Proposal of a new cutoff for Nugent criteria in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. J Microbiol Methods 115:144–146CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Bitew A, Abebaw Y (2018) Vulvovaginal candidiasis: species distribution of Candida and their antifungal susceptibility pattern. BMC Womens Health 18:94CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Bitew A, Abebaw Y (2018) Vulvovaginal candidiasis: species distribution of Candida and their antifungal susceptibility pattern. BMC Womens Health 18:94CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
go back to reference Watson CJ, Fairley CK, Grando D, Garland SM, Myers SP, Pirotta M (2013) Associations with asymptomatic colonization with candida in women reporting past vaginal candidiasis: an observational study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 169:376–379CrossRefPubMed Watson CJ, Fairley CK, Grando D, Garland SM, Myers SP, Pirotta M (2013) Associations with asymptomatic colonization with candida in women reporting past vaginal candidiasis: an observational study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 169:376–379CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Sutton M, Sternberg M, Koumans EH, McQuillan G, Berman S, Markowitz L (2007) The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among reproductive-age women in the United States, 2001-2004. Clin Infect Dis 45:1319–1326CrossRefPubMed Sutton M, Sternberg M, Koumans EH, McQuillan G, Berman S, Markowitz L (2007) The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among reproductive-age women in the United States, 2001-2004. Clin Infect Dis 45:1319–1326CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Schwebke JR, Gaydos CA, Nyirjesy P, Paradis S, Kodsi S, Cooper CK (2018) Diagnostic performance of a molecular test versus clinical assessment of vaginitis. J Clin Microbiol 56:e00252–e00218CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Schwebke JR, Gaydos CA, Nyirjesy P, Paradis S, Kodsi S, Cooper CK (2018) Diagnostic performance of a molecular test versus clinical assessment of vaginitis. J Clin Microbiol 56:e00252–e00218CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
go back to reference Gaydos CA, Beqaj S, Schwebke JR, Lebed J, Smith B, Davis TE, Fife KH et al (2017) Clinical validation of a test for the diagnosis of vaginitis. Obstet Gynecol 130:181–189CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Gaydos CA, Beqaj S, Schwebke JR, Lebed J, Smith B, Davis TE, Fife KH et al (2017) Clinical validation of a test for the diagnosis of vaginitis. Obstet Gynecol 130:181–189CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
go back to reference Mengistie Z, Woldeamanuel Y, Asrat D, Adera A (2014) Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant womrn attending antenatal care in Tikur Anbessa University Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 20(7):822CrossRef Mengistie Z, Woldeamanuel Y, Asrat D, Adera A (2014) Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant womrn attending antenatal care in Tikur Anbessa University Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 20(7):822CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Schwebke JR, Muzny CA, Josey WE (2014) Role of Gardnerella vaginalis in the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis: a conceptual model. J Infect Dis 210:338–343CrossRefPubMed Schwebke JR, Muzny CA, Josey WE (2014) Role of Gardnerella vaginalis in the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis: a conceptual model. J Infect Dis 210:338–343CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Machado A, Cerca N (2015) Influence of biofilm formation by Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobes on bacterial vaginosis. J Infect Dis 212:1856–1861CrossRefPubMed Machado A, Cerca N (2015) Influence of biofilm formation by Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobes on bacterial vaginosis. J Infect Dis 212:1856–1861CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Muzny CA, Blanchard E, Taylor CM, Aaron KJ, Talluri R, Griswold ME (2018) Identification of key bacteria involved in the induction of incident bacterial vaginosis: a prospective study. J Infect Dis 218:966–978PubMedPubMedCentral Muzny CA, Blanchard E, Taylor CM, Aaron KJ, Talluri R, Griswold ME (2018) Identification of key bacteria involved in the induction of incident bacterial vaginosis: a prospective study. J Infect Dis 218:966–978PubMedPubMedCentral
21.
go back to reference Carrillo- Ávila JA, Serrano-García ML, Fernández-Parra J, Sorlózano-Puerto A, Navarro-Marí JM, Stensvold R (2017) Prevalence and genetic diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis in the general population of Granada and co-infections with Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida species. J Med Microbiol 66:1436–1442CrossRefPubMed Carrillo- Ávila JA, Serrano-García ML, Fernández-Parra J, Sorlózano-Puerto A, Navarro-Marí JM, Stensvold R (2017) Prevalence and genetic diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis in the general population of Granada and co-infections with Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida species. J Med Microbiol 66:1436–1442CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Li XD, Tong F, Zhang XJ, Pan WJ, Chen ML, Wang CC (2015) Incidence and risk factors of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women: a prospective study in Maanshan city, Anhui Province, China. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 41:1214–1222CrossRefPubMed Li XD, Tong F, Zhang XJ, Pan WJ, Chen ML, Wang CC (2015) Incidence and risk factors of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women: a prospective study in Maanshan city, Anhui Province, China. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 41:1214–1222CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Guzel AB, Ilkit M, Burgut R, Urunsak IF, Ozgunen FT (2011) An evaluation of risk factors in pregnant women with Candida vaginitis and the diagnosis value of simultaneous vaginal and rectal sampling. Mycopathologia 172:25–36CrossRefPubMed Guzel AB, Ilkit M, Burgut R, Urunsak IF, Ozgunen FT (2011) An evaluation of risk factors in pregnant women with Candida vaginitis and the diagnosis value of simultaneous vaginal and rectal sampling. Mycopathologia 172:25–36CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Jacob L, John M, Kalder M, Kostev K (2018) Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in gynecological practices in Germany: a retrospective study of 954,186 patients. Curr Med Mycol 4:6–11CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Jacob L, John M, Kalder M, Kostev K (2018) Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in gynecological practices in Germany: a retrospective study of 954,186 patients. Curr Med Mycol 4:6–11CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
go back to reference Holzer I, Farr A, Kiss H, Hagmann M, Petricevic L (2017) The colonization with Candida species is more harmful in the second trimester of pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 295:891–895CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Holzer I, Farr A, Kiss H, Hagmann M, Petricevic L (2017) The colonization with Candida species is more harmful in the second trimester of pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 295:891–895CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metadata
Title
Accuracy of the BD MAX™ vaginal panel in the diagnosis of infectious vaginitis
Authors
Amaia Aguirre-Quiñonero
I. Sáez de Castillo-Sedano
F. Calvo-Muro
A. Canut-Blasco
Publication date
01-05-2019
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases / Issue 5/2019
Print ISSN: 0934-9723
Electronic ISSN: 1435-4373
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-019-03480-8

Other articles of this Issue 5/2019

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 5/2019 Go to the issue
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine