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Virology Journal
Published in: Virology Journal 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research

Unexpected complexity in the interference activity of a cloned influenza defective interfering RNA

Authors: Bo Meng, Kirsten Bentley, Anthony C. Marriott, Paul D. Scott, Nigel J. Dimmock, Andrew J. Easton

Published in: Virology Journal | Issue 1/2017

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Abstract

Background

Defective interfering (DI) viruses are natural antivirals made by nearly all viruses. They have a highly deleted genome (thus being non-infectious) and interfere with the replication of genetically related infectious viruses. We have produced the first potential therapeutic DI virus for the clinic by cloning an influenza A DI RNA (1/244) which was derived naturally from genome segment 1. This is highly effective in vivo, and has unexpectedly broad-spectrum activity with two different modes of action: inhibiting influenza A viruses through RNA interference, and all other (interferon-sensitive) respiratory viruses through stimulating interferon type I.

Results

We have investigated the RNA inhibitory mechanism(s) of DI 1/244 RNA. Ablation of initiation codons does not diminish interference showing that no protein product is required for protection. Further analysis indicated that 1/244 DI RNA interferes by replacing the cognate full-length segment 1 RNA in progeny virions, while interfering with the expression of genome segment 1, its cognate RNA, and genome RNAs 2 and 3, but not genome RNA 6, a representative of the non-polymerase genes.

Conclusions

Our data contradict the dogma that a DI RNA only interferes with expression from its cognate full-length segment. There is reciprocity as cloned segment 2 and 3 DI RNAs inhibited expression of RNAs from a segment 1 target. These data demonstrate an unexpected complexity in the mechanism of interference by this cloned therapeutic DI RNA.
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Metadata
Title
Unexpected complexity in the interference activity of a cloned influenza defective interfering RNA
Authors
Bo Meng
Kirsten Bentley
Anthony C. Marriott
Paul D. Scott
Nigel J. Dimmock
Andrew J. Easton
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Virology Journal / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1743-422X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-017-0805-6

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