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Acta Diabetologica
Published in: Acta Diabetologica 1/2012

01-02-2012 | Editorial

Type 1 diabetes is increasing in very young children, but is the real reason referable only to environmental factors?

Authors: Andrea E. Scaramuzza, Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti

Published in: Acta Diabetologica | Issue 1/2012

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Excerpt

In spite of intensive research in recent decades, the causative factors of type 1 diabetes remain unknown. To some extent the disease is genetically influenced, and mostly by certain MHC types. However, 90% of patients with type 1 diabetes have no first-degree relatives, and the pairwise concordance rate for monozygotic twins is <30% [1]. In any event, type 1 diabetes is a disease in which the environment plays a major role [2]. So far, the real factor(s) involved are still unknown, but many are put forward from time to time. …
Literature
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Knip M (2011) Pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes: implications for incidence trends. Horm Res Paediatr 76(suppl 1):57–64
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Buschard K (2011) What causes type 1 diabetes? Lessons from animal models. APMIS 119:1–19CrossRef
3.
McNamee MB, Cardwell CR, Patterson CC (2011) Neonatal jaundice is associated with a small increase in the risk of childhood type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Acta Diabetol. doi:10.​1007/​s00592-011-0326-5
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Cardwell CR, Stene LC, Joner G et al (2008) Caesarean section is associated with an increased risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Diabetologia 51:726–735PubMedCrossRef
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Harder T, Roepke K, Diller N et al (2009) Birth weight, early weight gain, and subsequent risk of type 1 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 169:1428–1436PubMedCrossRef
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Cardwell CR, Stene LC, Joner G et al (2010) Maternal age at birth and childhood type 1 diabetes: a pooled analysis of 30 observational studies. Diabetes 59:486–494PubMedCrossRef
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Berzina L, Ludvigsson J, Sadauskaite-Kuehne V et al (2002) DR3 is associated with type 1 diabetes and blood group ABO incompatibility. Ann N Y Acad Sci 958:345–348PubMedCrossRef
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Gale EAM (2002) The rise of childhood type 1 diabetes in the twentieth century. Diabetes 51:3353–3561PubMedCrossRef
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Patterson CC, Dahlquist GG, Gyürüs E, EURODIAB Study Group et al (2009) Incidence trends for childhood type 1 diabetes in Europe during 1989–2003 and predicted new cases 2005–20: a multicentre prospective registration study. Lancet 373:2027–2033PubMedCrossRef
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Iafusco D, Scaramuzza AE, Galderisi A et al (2011) Not every child with diabetes needs insulin. BMJ 341:c6512CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Type 1 diabetes is increasing in very young children, but is the real reason referable only to environmental factors?
Authors
Andrea E. Scaramuzza
Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
Publication date
01-02-2012
Publisher
Springer Milan
Published in
Acta Diabetologica / Issue 1/2012
Print ISSN: 0940-5429
Electronic ISSN: 1432-5233
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-011-0367-9

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