Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Infection 2/2018

01-04-2018 | Review

Treatment of acute hepatitis C: recommendations from an expert panel of the Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical Diseases

Authors: Giovanni B. Gaeta, Massimo Puoti, Nicola Coppola, Teresa Santantonio, Raffaele Bruno, Antonio Chirianni, Massimo Galli

Published in: Infection | Issue 2/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Aim

This paper is aimed at providing practical recommendations for the management of acute hepatitis C (AHC).

Methods

This is an expert position paper based on the literature revision. Final recommendations were graded by level of evidence and strength of the recommendations.

Results

Treatment of AHC with direct-acting antivirals (DAA) is safe and effective; it overcomes the limitations of INF-based treatments.

Conclusions

Early treatment with DAA should be offered when available.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Santantonio T, Wiegand J, Gerlach JT. Acute hepatitis C: current status and remaining challenges. J Hepatol. 2008;49:625–33.CrossRefPubMed Santantonio T, Wiegand J, Gerlach JT. Acute hepatitis C: current status and remaining challenges. J Hepatol. 2008;49:625–33.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Williams IT, Bell BP, Kuhnert W, Alter MJ. Incidence and transmission patterns of acute hepatitis C in the United States, 1982–2006. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171:242–8.CrossRefPubMed Williams IT, Bell BP, Kuhnert W, Alter MJ. Incidence and transmission patterns of acute hepatitis C in the United States, 1982–2006. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171:242–8.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Spada E, Mele A, Mariano A, Zuccaro O, Tosti ME. SEIEVA collaborating group. Risk factors for and incidence of acute hepatitis C after the achievement of blood supply safety in Italy: results from the national surveillance system. J Med Virol. 2013;85:433–40.CrossRefPubMed Spada E, Mele A, Mariano A, Zuccaro O, Tosti ME. SEIEVA collaborating group. Risk factors for and incidence of acute hepatitis C after the achievement of blood supply safety in Italy: results from the national surveillance system. J Med Virol. 2013;85:433–40.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Santantonio T, Medda E, Ferrari C, et al. Risk factors and outcome among a large patient cohort with community-acquired acute hepatitis C in Italy. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43:1154–9.CrossRefPubMed Santantonio T, Medda E, Ferrari C, et al. Risk factors and outcome among a large patient cohort with community-acquired acute hepatitis C in Italy. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43:1154–9.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Suryaprasad AG, White JZ, Xu F, et al. Emerging epidemic of hepatitis C virus infections among young nonurban persons who inject drugs in the United States, 2006–2012. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59:1411–9.CrossRefPubMed Suryaprasad AG, White JZ, Xu F, et al. Emerging epidemic of hepatitis C virus infections among young nonurban persons who inject drugs in the United States, 2006–2012. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59:1411–9.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Indolfi G, Azzari C, Resti M. Perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus. J Pediatr. 2013;163:1549–52.CrossRefPubMed Indolfi G, Azzari C, Resti M. Perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus. J Pediatr. 2013;163:1549–52.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference van de Laar TJ, van der Bij AK, Prins M, et al. Increase in HCV incidence among men who have sex with men in Amsterdam most likely caused by sexual transmission. J Infect Dis. 2007;196:230–8.CrossRefPubMed van de Laar TJ, van der Bij AK, Prins M, et al. Increase in HCV incidence among men who have sex with men in Amsterdam most likely caused by sexual transmission. J Infect Dis. 2007;196:230–8.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Lambers FA, Prins M, Thomas X, Molenkamp R, Kwa D, Brinkman K, van der Meer JT, Schinkel J. MOSAIC (MSM Observational Study of Acute Infection with hepatitis C) study group. Alarming incidence of hepatitis C virus re-infection after treatment of sexually acquired acute hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected MSM. AIDS. 2011;3(25):F21–7.CrossRef Lambers FA, Prins M, Thomas X, Molenkamp R, Kwa D, Brinkman K, van der Meer JT, Schinkel J. MOSAIC (MSM Observational Study of Acute Infection with hepatitis C) study group. Alarming incidence of hepatitis C virus re-infection after treatment of sexually acquired acute hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected MSM. AIDS. 2011;3(25):F21–7.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Wandeler G, Gsponer T, Bregenzer A, et al. Hepatitis C virus infections in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study: a rapidly evolving epidemic. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;15(55):1408–16.CrossRef Wandeler G, Gsponer T, Bregenzer A, et al. Hepatitis C virus infections in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study: a rapidly evolving epidemic. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;15(55):1408–16.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference McFaul K, Maghlaoui A, Nzuruba M, et al. Acute hepatitis C infection in HIV-negative men who have sex with men. J Viral Hepat. 2015;22:535–8.CrossRefPubMed McFaul K, Maghlaoui A, Nzuruba M, et al. Acute hepatitis C infection in HIV-negative men who have sex with men. J Viral Hepat. 2015;22:535–8.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Vanhommerig JW, Lambers FA, Schinkel J, et al. Risk factors for sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus among human immunodeficiency virus-infected men who have sex with men: a case-control study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2015;2:ofv115.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Vanhommerig JW, Lambers FA, Schinkel J, et al. Risk factors for sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus among human immunodeficiency virus-infected men who have sex with men: a case-control study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2015;2:ofv115.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
13.
go back to reference Martin TC, Martin NK, Hickman M, et al. HCV reinfection incidence and treatment outcome among HIV-positive MSM in London. AIDS. 2013;27:2551–7.CrossRefPubMed Martin TC, Martin NK, Hickman M, et al. HCV reinfection incidence and treatment outcome among HIV-positive MSM in London. AIDS. 2013;27:2551–7.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Ingiliz P, Martin TC, Rodger A, et al. HCV reinfection incidence and spontaneous clearance rates in HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Western Europe. J Hepatol. 2017;66:282–7.CrossRefPubMed Ingiliz P, Martin TC, Rodger A, et al. HCV reinfection incidence and spontaneous clearance rates in HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Western Europe. J Hepatol. 2017;66:282–7.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Kim AY, Nagami EH, Birch CE, Bowen MJ, Lauer GM, McGovern BH. A simple strategy to identify acute hepatitis C virus infection among newly incarcerated injection drug users. Hepatology. 2013;57:944–52.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kim AY, Nagami EH, Birch CE, Bowen MJ, Lauer GM, McGovern BH. A simple strategy to identify acute hepatitis C virus infection among newly incarcerated injection drug users. Hepatology. 2013;57:944–52.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
go back to reference Pawlotsky JM, Aghemo A, Back D, et al. EASL recommendations on treatment of hepatitis C 2016. J Hepatol. 2017;66:153–194.CrossRef Pawlotsky JM, Aghemo A, Back D, et al. EASL recommendations on treatment of hepatitis C 2016. J Hepatol. 2017;66:153–194.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Deterding K, Grüner N, Buggisch P, et al. Hep-Net Acute HCV-III Study Group. Delayed versus immediate treatment for patients with acute hepatitis C: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13:497–506.CrossRefPubMed Deterding K, Grüner N, Buggisch P, et al. Hep-Net Acute HCV-III Study Group. Delayed versus immediate treatment for patients with acute hepatitis C: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13:497–506.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Santantonio T, Fasano M, Sagnelli E, et al. Acute hepatitis C: a 24 week course of Peg-interferon a-2b versus a 12 week-course of Peginterferon a-2b alone or with ribavirin. Hepatology. 2014;59:2101–9.CrossRefPubMed Santantonio T, Fasano M, Sagnelli E, et al. Acute hepatitis C: a 24 week course of Peg-interferon a-2b versus a 12 week-course of Peginterferon a-2b alone or with ribavirin. Hepatology. 2014;59:2101–9.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Kamal SM, Moustafa KN, Chen J, et al. Duration of peginterferon therapy in acute hepatitis C: a randomized trial. Hepatology. 2006;43:923–31.CrossRefPubMed Kamal SM, Moustafa KN, Chen J, et al. Duration of peginterferon therapy in acute hepatitis C: a randomized trial. Hepatology. 2006;43:923–31.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Kamal SM, Fouly AE, Kamel RR, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2b therapy in acute hepatitis C: impact of onset of therapy on sustained virologic response. Gastroenterology. 2006;130:632–8.CrossRefPubMed Kamal SM, Fouly AE, Kamel RR, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2b therapy in acute hepatitis C: impact of onset of therapy on sustained virologic response. Gastroenterology. 2006;130:632–8.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Kamal SM, Ismail A, Graham CS, et al. Pegylated interferon a therapy in acute hepatitis C: relation to hepatitis C virus-specific T cell response kinetics. Hepatology. 2004;39:1721–31.CrossRefPubMed Kamal SM, Ismail A, Graham CS, et al. Pegylated interferon a therapy in acute hepatitis C: relation to hepatitis C virus-specific T cell response kinetics. Hepatology. 2004;39:1721–31.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Tillmann HL, Thompson AJ, Patel K, et al. A polymorphism near IL28B is associated with spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus and jaundice. Gastroenterolgy. 2010;139:1586–92.CrossRef Tillmann HL, Thompson AJ, Patel K, et al. A polymorphism near IL28B is associated with spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus and jaundice. Gastroenterolgy. 2010;139:1586–92.CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Vogel M, Nattermann J, Baumgarten A, et al. Pegylated interferon-alpha for the treatment of sexually transmitted acute hepatitis C in HIV-infected individuals. Antivir Ther. 2006;11:1097–101.PubMed Vogel M, Nattermann J, Baumgarten A, et al. Pegylated interferon-alpha for the treatment of sexually transmitted acute hepatitis C in HIV-infected individuals. Antivir Ther. 2006;11:1097–101.PubMed
26.
go back to reference Dominguez S, Ghosn J, Valantin MA, et al. Efficacy of early treatment of acute hepatitis C infection with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in HIV-infected patients. AIDS. 2006;20:1157–61.CrossRefPubMed Dominguez S, Ghosn J, Valantin MA, et al. Efficacy of early treatment of acute hepatitis C infection with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in HIV-infected patients. AIDS. 2006;20:1157–61.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Matthews GV, Hellard M, Haber P, et al. Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C Study Group. Characteristics and treatment outcomes among HIVinfected individuals in the Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:650–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Matthews GV, Hellard M, Haber P, et al. Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C Study Group. Characteristics and treatment outcomes among HIVinfected individuals in the Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:650–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
go back to reference Piroth L, Larsen C, Binquet C, Steering Committee of the HEPAIG Study, et al. Treatment of acute hepatitis C in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients: the HEPAIG study. Hepatology. 2010;52:1915–21.CrossRefPubMed Piroth L, Larsen C, Binquet C, Steering Committee of the HEPAIG Study, et al. Treatment of acute hepatitis C in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients: the HEPAIG study. Hepatology. 2010;52:1915–21.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Dore GJ, Hellard M, Matthews GV, et al. Australian Trial In Acute Hepatitis C Study Group. Effective treatment of injecting drug users with recently acquired hepatitis C virus infection. Gastroenterology. 2010;138(1):123–35.CrossRefPubMed Dore GJ, Hellard M, Matthews GV, et al. Australian Trial In Acute Hepatitis C Study Group. Effective treatment of injecting drug users with recently acquired hepatitis C virus infection. Gastroenterology. 2010;138(1):123–35.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Lambers FA, Brinkman K, Schinkel J, et al. MOSAIC (MSM Observational Study of Acute Infection with hepatitis C) study group. Treatment of acute hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected MSM: the effect of treatment duration. AIDS. 2011;25(10):1333–6.CrossRefPubMed Lambers FA, Brinkman K, Schinkel J, et al. MOSAIC (MSM Observational Study of Acute Infection with hepatitis C) study group. Treatment of acute hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected MSM: the effect of treatment duration. AIDS. 2011;25(10):1333–6.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Grebely J, Hellard M, Applegate T, ATAHC Study Group, et al. Virological responses during treatment for recent hepatitis C virus: potential benefit for ribavirin use in HCV/HIV co-infection. AIDS. 2012;26:1653–61.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Grebely J, Hellard M, Applegate T, ATAHC Study Group, et al. Virological responses during treatment for recent hepatitis C virus: potential benefit for ribavirin use in HCV/HIV co-infection. AIDS. 2012;26:1653–61.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
go back to reference Fierer DS, Dieterich DT, Mullen MP, et al. New York Acute Hepatitis C Surveillance Network. Telaprevir in the treatment of acute hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected men. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58:873–9.CrossRefPubMed Fierer DS, Dieterich DT, Mullen MP, et al. New York Acute Hepatitis C Surveillance Network. Telaprevir in the treatment of acute hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected men. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58:873–9.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Boesecke C, van Assen S, Stellbrink HJ, et al. Peginterferon-alfa mono-therapy in the treatment of acute hepatitis C in HIV-infection. J Viral Hepat. 2014;21(11):780–5.CrossRefPubMed Boesecke C, van Assen S, Stellbrink HJ, et al. Peginterferon-alfa mono-therapy in the treatment of acute hepatitis C in HIV-infection. J Viral Hepat. 2014;21(11):780–5.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Liu CH, Sheng WH, Sun HY, et al. Peginterferon plus ribavirin for HIV-infected patients with treatment-naïve acute or chronic HCV infection in Taiwan: a Prospective Cohort Study. Sci Rep. 2015;30(5):17410.CrossRef Liu CH, Sheng WH, Sun HY, et al. Peginterferon plus ribavirin for HIV-infected patients with treatment-naïve acute or chronic HCV infection in Taiwan: a Prospective Cohort Study. Sci Rep. 2015;30(5):17410.CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Doyle JS, Deterding K, Grebely J, et al. InC3 Study Group. Response to treatment following recently acquired hepatitis C virus infection in a multicentre collaborative cohort. J Viral Hepat. 2015;22(12):1020–32.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Doyle JS, Deterding K, Grebely J, et al. InC3 Study Group. Response to treatment following recently acquired hepatitis C virus infection in a multicentre collaborative cohort. J Viral Hepat. 2015;22(12):1020–32.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
36.
go back to reference Boesecke C, Ingiliz P, Reiberger T, NEAT Study Group, et al. Dual treatment of acute HCV infection in HIV co-infection: influence of HCV genotype upon treatment outcome. Infection. 2016;44(1):93–101.CrossRefPubMed Boesecke C, Ingiliz P, Reiberger T, NEAT Study Group, et al. Dual treatment of acute HCV infection in HIV co-infection: influence of HCV genotype upon treatment outcome. Infection. 2016;44(1):93–101.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Zhang B, Nguyen NH, Yee BE, et al. Treatment of acute hepatitis C infection with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intervirology. 2015;58:242–9.CrossRefPubMed Zhang B, Nguyen NH, Yee BE, et al. Treatment of acute hepatitis C infection with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intervirology. 2015;58:242–9.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Fabrizi F, Dixit V, Messa P, et al. Interferon therapy of acute hepatitis C in dialysis patients: meta-analysis. J Viral Hepat. 2012;19:784–9.CrossRefPubMed Fabrizi F, Dixit V, Messa P, et al. Interferon therapy of acute hepatitis C in dialysis patients: meta-analysis. J Viral Hepat. 2012;19:784–9.CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Fierer D, El Sayed A,Palaniswami P. Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir in the Treatment of Early (“acute”) HCV Infection in HIV-infected Men. EASL Meeting 2017, Amsterdam; Abs THU-250. Fierer D, El Sayed A,Palaniswami P. Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir in the Treatment of Early (“acute”) HCV Infection in HIV-infected Men. EASL Meeting 2017, Amsterdam; Abs THU-250.
41.
go back to reference Deterding K, Spinner CD, Schott E, et al. Ledipasvir plus sofosbuvir fixed-dose combination for 6 weeks in patients with acute hepatitis C virus genotype 1 monoinfection (HepNet Acute HCV IV): anopen-label, single-arm, phase 2 study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17:215–22.CrossRefPubMed Deterding K, Spinner CD, Schott E, et al. Ledipasvir plus sofosbuvir fixed-dose combination for 6 weeks in patients with acute hepatitis C virus genotype 1 monoinfection (HepNet Acute HCV IV): anopen-label, single-arm, phase 2 study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17:215–22.CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Basu P, Shah NJ, John N, Aloysius M, Brown R. Sofosbuvir and ledipasvir versus sofosbuvir and simeprevir combination therapy in the management of acute hepatitis C: a randomized open label prospective clinical pilot study. SLAM C study. Interim data. AASLD Meeting 2015, San Francisco, November 13–17; Abstract 1074. Basu P, Shah NJ, John N, Aloysius M, Brown R. Sofosbuvir and ledipasvir versus sofosbuvir and simeprevir combination therapy in the management of acute hepatitis C: a randomized open label prospective clinical pilot study. SLAM C study. Interim data. AASLD Meeting 2015, San Francisco, November 13–17; Abstract 1074.
43.
go back to reference Rockstroh JK, Bhagani S, Hyland RH, et al. Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir for 6 Weeks to treat acute hepatitis C genotype 1 or 4 infection in patients with HIV coinfecion: an open label, single-arm trial. Lancet Gastroent. 2017;2:347–53.CrossRef Rockstroh JK, Bhagani S, Hyland RH, et al. Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir for 6 Weeks to treat acute hepatitis C genotype 1 or 4 infection in patients with HIV coinfecion: an open label, single-arm trial. Lancet Gastroent. 2017;2:347–53.CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Naggie S, Cooper C, Saag M, Workowski K, Ruane P, Towner WJ, et al. Sofosbuvir plus ribavirin without interferon for treatment of acute hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-1 infected individuals:SWIFT-C. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;63:528–31. Naggie S, Cooper C, Saag M, Workowski K, Ruane P, Towner WJ, et al. Sofosbuvir plus ribavirin without interferon for treatment of acute hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-1 infected individuals:SWIFT-C. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;63:528–31.
45.
go back to reference Fierer DS, Barbati Z, Dieterich D, et al. Sofosbuvir in the Treatment of Acute HCV Infection in HIV-infected Men. AASLD Liver Meeting 2015, San Francisco, November 13–17; Abstract 1090. Fierer DS, Barbati Z, Dieterich D, et al. Sofosbuvir in the Treatment of Acute HCV Infection in HIV-infected Men. AASLD Liver Meeting 2015, San Francisco, November 13–17; Abstract 1090.
46.
go back to reference Martinello M, Gane E, Hellard M, et al. Sofosbuvir and ribavirin for 6 weeks is not effective among people with recent hepatitis C virus infection: the DARE-C II study. Hepatology. 2016;64:1911–21.CrossRefPubMed Martinello M, Gane E, Hellard M, et al. Sofosbuvir and ribavirin for 6 weeks is not effective among people with recent hepatitis C virus infection: the DARE-C II study. Hepatology. 2016;64:1911–21.CrossRefPubMed
48.
go back to reference Abravanel F, Métivier S, Chauveau M, Péron JM, Izopet J. Transmission of HCV NS5A inhibitor-resistant variants among HIV-infected men who have sex with men. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63:1271–2.PubMed Abravanel F, Métivier S, Chauveau M, Péron JM, Izopet J. Transmission of HCV NS5A inhibitor-resistant variants among HIV-infected men who have sex with men. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63:1271–2.PubMed
Metadata
Title
Treatment of acute hepatitis C: recommendations from an expert panel of the Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical Diseases
Authors
Giovanni B. Gaeta
Massimo Puoti
Nicola Coppola
Teresa Santantonio
Raffaele Bruno
Antonio Chirianni
Massimo Galli
Publication date
01-04-2018
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Infection / Issue 2/2018
Print ISSN: 0300-8126
Electronic ISSN: 1439-0973
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-017-1107-z

Other articles of this Issue 2/2018

Infection 2/2018 Go to the issue
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.