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European Journal of Plastic Surgery
Published in: European Journal of Plastic Surgery 2/2020

01-04-2020 | Original Paper

Translation and cultural adaptation of the EAR-Q into Arabic, Chinese, French and Spanish for use in an international field-test study

Authors: Elena Tsangaris, Karen W. Y. Wong Riff, Beatriz Berenguer, Neil W. Bulstrode, Charlotte Celerier, Sabrina Cugno, Amanda Fanous, Ahmed S. Mazeed, Alexandre Marchac, Mitchell A. Stotland, Anne F. Klassen

Published in: European Journal of Plastic Surgery | Issue 2/2020

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Abstract

Background

Our team developed a new patient-reported outcome measure to evaluate outcomes in patients having surgery for an acquired or congenital external ear anomaly. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the EAR-Q into Arabic, Chinese, French, and Spanish (Spain).

Methods

Translation and cultural adaptation guidelines set forth by the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) were followed.

Results

The EAR-Q consists of 30 items in 2 scales measuring the look and feel of one’s ears in addition to 2 stand-alone items about scars and 1 item about hearing aids. Forward translations revealed no items, instructions, or response options that were difficult to translate into any of the languages. After back translation, the meaning of 6 (18%) items from the Arabic and Spanish translations, and 4 (12%) items from the Chinese and French translations, respectively, differed from the English version and required revision. Final translations were shown to 28 patients with an ear condition who took part in cognitive debriefing interviews. Participants were recruited from plastic surgery centers in Qatar, China, Spain, and an Ear Nose and Throat center in France. Mean age for participants was 10 years (5 to 18), 15 were male, and 50% had prominent ears (n = 14). Participants reported few difficulties with understanding the scales.

Conclusions

Translation and cultural adaptation of the EAR-Q resulted in 4 translations that maintained semantic, idiomatic, experiential, and conceptual equivalence to the original English version.
Level of evidence: Level III, risk/prognostic study.
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Metadata
Title
Translation and cultural adaptation of the EAR-Q into Arabic, Chinese, French and Spanish for use in an international field-test study
Authors
Elena Tsangaris
Karen W. Y. Wong Riff
Beatriz Berenguer
Neil W. Bulstrode
Charlotte Celerier
Sabrina Cugno
Amanda Fanous
Ahmed S. Mazeed
Alexandre Marchac
Mitchell A. Stotland
Anne F. Klassen
Publication date
01-04-2020
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Journal of Plastic Surgery / Issue 2/2020
Print ISSN: 0930-343X
Electronic ISSN: 1435-0130
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00238-019-01585-z

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