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01-05-2021 | Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation | Review Article

Static magnetic stimulation in the central nervous system: a systematic review

Authors: Nuria Viudes-Sarrion, Enrique Velasco, Miguel Delicado-Miralles, Carmen Lillo-Navarro

Published in: Neurological Sciences | Issue 5/2021

Abstract

Objective

To systematically review the literature on the use of the transcranial static magnetic stimulation (tSMS) technique in humans and animals, its effects on different areas of the central nervous system (CNS), its influence on neural excitability and on the subject’s behavior, and its biological effects and future possibilities. All static magnetic field applications that can be considered to have a physiologically similar effect have been reviewed.

Methods

We searched studies using key terms in NCBI PubMed, Scopus, PEDro, SciELO, Cochrane, and links to publications (inception to September 2019). Three reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality of the studies using the recommendations described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, PRISMA guidelines.

Results

We analyzed 27 studies. The reviewed literature suggests that the use of these magnetic fields has an inhibitory effect on different areas of the CNS, such as motor, somatosensory, and visual cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Regarding subject’s behavior, the different effects of tSMS appear to be transient and dependent on the stimulated area, such as loss of visual discrimination or improvement of somatosensory perception. In addition, the technique has some therapeutic utility, specifically in pathologies with cortical hyperexcitability.

Conclusions

These results suggest that tSMS may be a promising tool to modulate cerebral excitability in a safe and non-invasive way. Further investigations could give a better explanation of its precise mechanisms of action and applications.

Available only for authorised users

TMS

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

tDCS

Transcranial direct current stimulation

EEG

Electroencephalography

MEP

Motor-evoked potential

SICI

Short-interval intracortical inhibition

SICF

Short-interval intracortical facilitation

LTD

Long-term depression

LTP

Long-term potentiation

RMTs

Resting motor thresholds

DLPFC

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

PNS

Peripheral nerve stimulation

Parvalbumin

SEP

Somatosensory-evoked potential

FDI

First digital interosseous muscle

Reaction time

Rotarod test

Cylindrical NdFeB magnet

Cylindrical nickel-plated (Ni–Cu–Ni) NdFeB magnet

APB

Abductor pollicis brevis muscle

ADM

Abductor digiti minimi muscle

Online learning

Learning during the motor task

Offline learning

Learning after the completion of the motor task between sessions

Implicit motor learning

Improvement in sequence performance without knowing the sequence

Explicit motor learning

Improvement in sequence performance knowing the sequence

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Title: Static magnetic stimulation in the central nervous system: a systematic review
Authors: Nuria Viudes-Sarrion
Enrique Velasco
Miguel Delicado-Miralles
Carmen Lillo-Navarro
Publication date: 01-05-2021
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Keywords: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Published in: Neurological Sciences / Issue 5/2021
Print ISSN: 1590-1874
Electronic ISSN: 1590-3478
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05156-8

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Static magnetic stimulation in the central nervous system: a systematic review

Abstract

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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