Upper-tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), specifically affecting the renal pelvis and ureter, represents a small proportion (5%-10%) of all urothelial carcinomas [ 1 ]. This carcinoma carries a poor prognosis, as approximately 60% of patients are …

Neuroblastoma is one of the most common malignant solid tumors in children that starts from the neural crest [ 1 ], accounting for around 15% of pediatric cancer-related deaths [ 2 , 3 ]. Approximately 70% of patients with neuroblastoma exhibit …

Bone metastases (BM) are a serious cancer complication, potentially causing substantial morbidity. Among the clinical issues related to BM, there is the lack of specific tools for early diagnosis and prognosis. We explored whether combining bone …

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a common malignancy originating from epithelial tissue with a distinct regional distribution, commonly found in certain regions of East and Southeast Asia, such as southern China [ 1 ]. Although early-stage …

Breast cancer (BC) accounts for one-third of cancer diagnoses in women and remains the cardinal cause of mortality globally among adults and middle-aged females. Since the mid-2000s, there has been a steady surge in the BC incidence rates (about …

It is estimated that the mortality-to-incidence ratio for breast cancer (BC) is 15%, making it the most aggressive cancer among females [ 1 ]. In 2018, there were 268,670 new cases worldwide, and BC occurs in 12% of all American women over their …

Bone metastases in the long bones of the extremities are a commonly observed phenomenon that primarily spreads through hematogenous spread [ 1 , 2 ]. The epiphyses and metaphyses are the most frequently affected sites, followed by the diaphyses [ 3 …]. Since long bones play a crucial role in supporting movement and activity, the most significant complications associated with bone metastases include cancer-related pain and pathological fractures, with a 10–30% likelihood of the latter occurring [

Prostate cancer (Pca) is one of the most common cancers in men. The morbidity of Pca varies significantly in different regions of the world. It is estimated that by 2040, the number of new cases will reach 2.3 million, and deaths will reach 740000 …

The expression of GPR84 in bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophages (BMMs) can inhibit osteoclast formation; however, its role in bone metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unknown. To investigate the effects of GPR84 on bone metastasis …

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in men [ 1 ]. In the initial stage of PCa, localized tumors can be successfully treated by surgery or radiation therapy, but about 20–30% of patients will relapse [ 2 ].

It is estimated that the morbidity of cancer during pregnancy is 1/2000-1/1000 [ 1 ]. To make matters worse, the morbidity of cancer among pregnant women is rising due to a high rate of smokers and an increased maternal age [ 2 , 3 ]. The common …