Investigating the demographic characteristics and pathological manifestations of thyroid Cancer during the last two decades (1997–2017) in patients referred to Baqiyatallah hospital, Tehran, Iran

Thyroid cancer is among the most common endocrine cancers, and its incidence in our country is in progress over the past decades. This aggravates the necessity to evaluate the changes in thyroid cancer.

Through accessing the information of the records of all patients with a diagnosis of thyroid cancer between 1996 and 2017, the present study was conducted at Baqiyatallah Hospital (Tehran, Iran) according to scientific criteria. After the diagnosis, most of them also underwent surgery and were evaluated in terms of the rate of the involvement and the type of thyroid cancer, and the pathology report was recorded in their records. Information about the intended patients such as age, gender, pathologic type of cancer, associated with the patient (except thyroid cancer), and history of radiation to the patient were recorded in a standard form and subjected to statistical analysis. Demographic changes and pathological manifestations of cancers in the two decades (1997–2007) and (2007–2017) were compared. But comparisons have been made over five years.

The incidence of thyroid cancer, especially papillary thyroid cancer type, was increasing at an early age, and the incidence of tumor size measuring 2–4 cm was rising. But the incidence of tumor sizes less than one centimeter declined. The amount of vascular and capsule involvement was about 3 times, and lymph node involvement was nearly 2 times. The increasing incidence of 2–4 cm tumor size in the age group of 20–50 years was more than other age groups.

The incidence of thyroid cancer was increasing at an early age, and the enhancement of papillary thyroid type was higher than other types. As well as, in this study, it was found that the incidence of 2–4 cm tumor sizes was rising.