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Medical Microbiology and Immunology
Published in: Medical Microbiology and Immunology 1/2015

Open Access 01-02-2015 | Review

Therapeutic vaccination and immunomodulation in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: preclinical studies in the woodchuck

Authors: Anna D. Kosinska, Jia Liu, Mengji Lu, Michael Roggendorf

Published in: Medical Microbiology and Immunology | Issue 1/2015

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Abstract

Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) may lead to subclinical, acute or chronic hepatitis. In the prevaccination era, HBV infections were endemic due to frequent mother to child transmission in large regions of the world. However, there are still estimated 240 million chronic HBV carriers today and ca. 620,000 patients die per year due to HBV-related liver diseases. Recommended treatment of chronic hepatitis B with interferon-α and/or nucleos(t)ide analogues does not lead to satisfactory results. Induction of HBV-specific T cells by therapeutic vaccination or immunomodulation may be an innovative strategy to overcome virus persistence. Vaccination with commercially available HBV vaccines in patients with or without therapeutic reduction of viral load did not result in effective immune control of HBV infection, suggesting that combination of antiviral treatment with new formulations of therapeutic vaccines is needed. The woodchuck (Marmota monax) and its HBV-like woodchuck hepatitis virus are a useful preclinical animal model for developing new therapeutic approaches in chronic hepadnaviral infections. Several innovative approaches combining antiviral treatments using nucleos(t)ide analogues, with prime-boost vaccination using DNA vaccines, new hepadnaviral antigens or recombinant adenoviral vectors were tested in the woodchuck model. In this review, we summarize these encouraging results obtained with these therapeutic vaccines. In addition, we present potential innovations in immunostimulatory strategies by blocking the interaction of the inhibitory programmed death receptor 1 with its ligand in this animal model.
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Metadata
Title
Therapeutic vaccination and immunomodulation in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: preclinical studies in the woodchuck
Authors
Anna D. Kosinska
Jia Liu
Mengji Lu
Michael Roggendorf
Publication date
01-02-2015
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Medical Microbiology and Immunology / Issue 1/2015
Print ISSN: 0300-8584
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1831
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-014-0379-5

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