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Journal of Gastroenterology
Published in: Journal of Gastroenterology 3/2010

01-03-2010 | Review

The role of infection in the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease

Authors: Richard Hansen, John M. Thomson, Emad M. El-Omar, Georgina L. Hold

Published in: Journal of Gastroenterology | Issue 3/2010

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Abstract

We have greatly increased our understanding of the genetics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the last decade; however, migrant studies highlight the importance of environment in disease risk. The possibility that IBD is an infection has been debated since the first description of Crohn’s disease. Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis was the first organism to be suggested as an IBD pathogen, and it has been argued that it fulfils Koch’s postulates and could be designated the cause of Crohn’s disease. Other organisms have been postulated as possible IBD pathogens, including various Helicobacter species, one of which has been identified in primate colitis; others are widely used in animal models of IBD. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli appear specific to ileal Crohn’s disease and have been shown to induce the release of TNF-α, a key cytokine in IBD inflammation. The aim of this article is to give a concise overview of the infections postulated as being relevant to the onset of IBD. We will also briefly cover the immunology underpinning IBD, in addition to reviewing current knowledge regarding other microorganisms that are associated with modifying the risk of developing IBD. It may be that infectious organisms have an orchestrator role in the development of dysbiosis and subsequently IBD.
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Metadata
Title
The role of infection in the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors
Richard Hansen
John M. Thomson
Emad M. El-Omar
Georgina L. Hold
Publication date
01-03-2010
Publisher
Springer Japan
Published in
Journal of Gastroenterology / Issue 3/2010
Print ISSN: 0944-1174
Electronic ISSN: 1435-5922
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-009-0191-y

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