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Virology Journal
Published in: Virology Journal 1/2020

Open Access 01-12-2020 | Review

The role of host eIF2α in viral infection

Authors: Yuanzhi Liu, Mingshu Wang, Anchun Cheng, Qiao Yang, Ying Wu, Renyong Jia, Mafeng Liu, Dekang Zhu, Shun Chen, Shaqiu Zhang, Xin-Xin Zhao, Juan Huang, Sai Mao, Xumin Ou, Qun Gao, Yin Wang, Zhiwen Xu, Zhengli Chen, Ling Zhu, Qihui Luo, Yunya Liu, Yanling Yu, Ling Zhang, Bin Tian, Leichang Pan, Mujeeb Ur Rehman, Xiaoyue Chen

Published in: Virology Journal | Issue 1/2020

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Abstract

Background

eIF2α is a regulatory node that controls protein synthesis initiation by its phosphorylation or dephosphorylation. General control nonderepressible-2 (GCN2), protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase (PKR) and heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) are four kinases that regulate eIF2α phosphorylation.

Main body

In the viral infection process, dsRNA or viral proteins produced by viral proliferation activate different eIF2α kinases, resulting in eIF2α phosphorylation, which hinders ternary tRNAMet-GTP-eIF2 complex formation and inhibits host or viral protein synthesis. The stalled messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complex aggregates under viral infection stress to form stress granules (SGs), which encapsulate viral RNA and transcription- and translation-related proteins, thereby limiting virus proliferation. However, many viruses have evolved a corresponding escape mechanism to synthesize their own proteins in the event of host protein synthesis shutdown and SG formation caused by eIF2α phosphorylation, and viruses can block the cell replication cycle through the PERK-eIF2α pathway, providing a favorable environment for their own replication. Subsequently, viruses can induce host cell autophagy or apoptosis through the eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway.

Conclusions

This review summarizes the role of eIF2α in viral infection to provide a reference for studying the interactions between viruses and hosts.
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Metadata
Title
The role of host eIF2α in viral infection
Authors
Yuanzhi Liu
Mingshu Wang
Anchun Cheng
Qiao Yang
Ying Wu
Renyong Jia
Mafeng Liu
Dekang Zhu
Shun Chen
Shaqiu Zhang
Xin-Xin Zhao
Juan Huang
Sai Mao
Xumin Ou
Qun Gao
Yin Wang
Zhiwen Xu
Zhengli Chen
Ling Zhu
Qihui Luo
Yunya Liu
Yanling Yu
Ling Zhang
Bin Tian
Leichang Pan
Mujeeb Ur Rehman
Xiaoyue Chen
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Virology Journal / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1743-422X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-020-01362-6

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