Top

Published in:

01-02-2020 | Original Paper

The Portuguese Adaptation of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form for Adult Population

Authors: Carla Fonte, Isabel Silva, Estela Vilhena, Corey L. M. Keyes

Published in: Community Mental Health Journal | Issue 2/2020

Abstract

The Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) is a self-report questionnaire that allows the assessment of positive mental health, including three well-being components—emotional, psychological and social—as well as the categorical diagnosis of the presence or absence of mental health. The purpose of this study is to describe the adaptation and validation of the Portuguese version of MHC-SF and to examine whether this is an adequate measure of positive mental health for the Portuguese context. The participants included 1448 respondents between the ages of 18 and 94 (M = 33.15; SD = 16.3), 70.1% of which were females. Results confirm the reliability (α = .93), tripartite factor structure, and the external and internal validity of the MHC-SF. Data also supported the two-continuum model, with positive mental health and mental illness belonging to two correlated but distinct dimensions. These findings indicated that the Portuguese MHC-SF is valid instrument to measure well-being and positive mental health.

Bentler, P. (2007). On tests and indices for evaluating structural models. Personality and Individual Differences,42, 825–829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.09.024.CrossRef

Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (1st ed.). New York: Press G.

Carvalho, J. S., Pereira, N. S., Pinto, A. M., & Marôco, J. (2016). Psychometric properties of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form: A study of Portuguese speaking children/youths. Journal of Child and Family Studies,25, 2141–2154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0396-7.CrossRef

Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin,95, 542–575.CrossRef

Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist,55(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34.CrossRefPubMed

Doré, I., O’Loughlin, J. L., Sabiston, C. M., & Fournier, L. (2017). Psychometric evaluation of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form in French Canadian young adults. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry,62(4), 286–294. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743716675855.CrossRefPubMed

Echeverría, G., Torres, M., Pedrals, N., Padilla, O., Rigotti, A., & Bitran, M. (2017). Validation of a Spanish version of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form questionnaire. Psicothema,29(1), 96–102. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2016.3.CrossRefPubMed

Grant, F., Guille, C., & Sen, S. (2013). Well-being and the risk of depression under stress. PLoS ONE,8(7), e67395.CrossRef

Joshanloo, M., & Jovanović, V. (2017). The factor structure of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) in Serbia: An evaluation using exploratory structural equation modeling. Journal of Mental Health,26(6), 510–515. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2016.1222058.CrossRefPubMed

Karaś, D., Cieciuch, J., & Keyes, C. L. M. (2014). The Polish adaptation of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF). Personality and Individual Differences,69, 104–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.05.011.CrossRef

Kendler, K. S., Myers, J. M., & Keyes, C. L. (2011). The relationship between the genetic and environmental influences on common externalizing psychopathology and mental wellbeing. Twin Research and Human Genetics,14, 516–523.CrossRef

Keyes, C. L. M. (1998a). Social well-being. Social Psychology Quarterly,61(2), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.2307/2787065.CrossRef

Keyes, C. L. M. (1998b). Social well-being. Social Psychology Quarterly,61, 121–140.CrossRef

Keyes, C. L. M. (2002). The Mental Health Continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Journal of Health and Social Behavior,43, 207–222. https://doi.org/10.2307/3090197.CrossRefPubMed

Keyes, C. L. M. (2005). Mental illness and/or mental health? Investigating axioms of the complete state model of health. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,73, 539–548. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.539.CrossRefPubMed

Keyes, C. L. M. (2007). Promoting and protecting mental health as flourishing: A complementary strategy for improving national mental health. The American Psychologist,62(2), 95–108. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.62.2.95.CrossRefPubMed

Keyes, C. L. M. (2013). Mental well-being: International contributions to the study of positive mental health. Dordrecht: Springer.CrossRef

Keyes, C. L. M., & Annas, J. (2009). Feeling good and functioning well: Distinctive concepts in ancient philosophy and contemporary science. The Journal of Positive Psychology,4(3), 197–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760902844228.CrossRef

Keyes, C. L. M., Dhingra, S. S., & Simoes, E. J. (2010). Change in level of positive mental health as a predictor of future risk of mental illness. American Journal of Public Health,100(12), 2366–2371. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2010.192245.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,82(6), 1007–1022. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.82.6.1007.CrossRefPubMed

Keyes, C. L. M., Wissing, M., Potgieter, J. P., Temane, M., Kruger, A., & van Rooy, S. (2008). Evaluation of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) in Setswana-speaking South Africans. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy,15(3), 181–192. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.572.CrossRef

Kline, R. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.

Lamers, S. M. A., Westerhof, G. J., Bohlmeijer, E. T., ten Klooster, P. M., & Keyes, C. L. M. (2011). Evaluating the psychometric properties of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF). Journal of Clinical Psychology,67(1), 99–110. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20741.CrossRefPubMed

Lamers, S. M. A., Westerhof, G. J., Glas, C. A. W., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2015). The bidirectional relation between positive mental health and psychopathology in a longitudinal representative panel study. The Journal of Positive Psychology,10(6), 553–560. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2015.1015156.CrossRef

Machado, W. L., & Bandeira, D. R. (2015). Positive mental health scale: Validation of the mental health continuum-Short form. Psico-USF,20(2), 259–274. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712015200207.CrossRef

Orpana, H., Vachon, J., Dykshoorn, J., & Jayaraman, G. (2017). Measuring positive mental health in Canada: Construct validation of the Mental Health Continuum-short Form. Health Promotion and Chronic Prevention in Canada,37(4), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.37.4.03.CrossRef

Perugini, M. L., De la Iglesia, G., Castro Solano, A., & Keyes, C. L. M. (2017). The Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) in the Argentinean context: Confirmatory factor analysis and measurement Invariance. Europe’s Journal of Psychology,13(1), 93–104.CrossRef

Petrillo, G., Capone, V., Caso, D., & Keyes, C. L. (2015). The Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) as a measure of well-being in the Italian context. Social Indicators Research,121(1), 291–312.CrossRef

Rafiey, H., Alipour, F., LeBeau, R., Rarani, M., Salimi, Y., & Ahmadi, S. (2017). Evaluating the psychometric properties of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) in Iranian earthquake survivors. International Journal of Mental Health,46(3), 243–251. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207411.2017.1308295.CrossRef

Ribeiro, J. L. P., Honrado, A., & Leal, I. (2004). Contribuição para o estudo da adaptação portuguesa das Escalas de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stress (EADS). Psicologia, Saúde & Doenças,5, 229–239.

Ryff, C.D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,57, 1069–1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069.CrossRef

Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,69(4), 719–727.CrossRef

Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. (1994). Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis. In A. Eye & C. Clogg (Eds.), Latent variables analysis: Applications for development research (pp. 399–419). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Schotanus-Dijkstra, M., ten Have, M., Lamers, S., de Graaf, R., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2017). The longitudinal relationship between flourishing mental health and incident mood, anxiety and substance use disorders. European Journal of Public Health,27(3), 563–568.PubMed

Tabachinick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson New International Edition.

World Health Organization. (2004). Promoting mental health: Concepts, emerging evidence, practice: Summary report. Geneva: World Health Organization. Retrieved October 20, 2016 from http://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/en/promoting_mhh.pdf.

World Health Organization. (2008). The global burden of disease: 2004 update. Geneva: WHO Press.

Title: The Portuguese Adaptation of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form for Adult Population
Authors: Carla Fonte
Isabel Silva
Estela Vilhena
Corey L. M. Keyes
Publication date: 01-02-2020
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Community Mental Health Journal / Issue 2/2020
Print ISSN: 0010-3853
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2789
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-019-00484-8

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

The Portuguese Adaptation of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form for Adult Population

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 2/2020

Early Intervention in Psychosis Treatment Components Utilization in Patients Aged Over 35

Development and Evaluation of a Swedish Short Version of the Questionnaire About the Process of Recovery (QPR)

The Association Between Medication Adherence and Disease Stability in Patients with Severe Mental Disorders and Area Variation: Community-Based Prospective Study in Southwest China

Comparing Unsheltered and Sheltered Homeless: Demographics, Health Services Use and Predictors of Health Services Use

Questions and Emotions of Minors After Terrorist Attacks: A Qualitative Study Using Data from a Belgian Youth-Helpline

Thanks and Appreciation to Reviewers